Longwu Temple

It is called "longwudar falunzhou" in Tibetan language. In its early stage, it was a Sakya Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism. As early as 1310, a small temple was built here. But the real scale of the temple was formed in the early Ming Dynasty, and the founder was Sandan Renqin. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the temple was converted to the Gelug Sect, and the Sutra hall was built. In 1625, the Ming emperor inscribed a plaque on the gate of the Sutra hall.

At present, there are more than 20 main buildings, including Dajing hall, xiuxi hall, xiaricang hall, Guanyin hall, tiannu hall, Manjusri hall, seventh xiaricang pagoda, Mizong courtyard, Shilun courtyard, and eight pagodas. The temple is built close to the mountain, with a well arranged layout and magnificent decorations. The Sutra hall is located in the center of the whole temple, with a large volume and dozens of Buddha statues, such as Sakyamuni Buddha. Among them, the statue of master zongkaba is 11 meters high, the base is 26 meters long, the whole body is gilded, and the seven treasures are decorated. In the temple, there are precious cultural relics such as the gold statue of Sakyamuni, which was granted by the Ming Dynasty, and two ancient steles, which are listed as national and provincial cultural relics. There are tens of thousands of Buddhist scriptures in the temple, among which the dege versions of ganzhur and danzhur are especially rare.

Longwu Temple

Longwu temple is located at the foot of the west mountain of Longwu Town, the capital of Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province. It is located in the middle reaches of Longwu River with pleasant climate. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Longwu is a Tibetan language. In Anduo area, its scale, status and influence are second only to Labrang temple in Gansu Province and Ta'er temple in Qinghai Province.

At 6:43 a.m. on September 25, 2019, a fire broke out in a nunnery of Longwu temple. There were 13 people staying overnight in the nunnery that night. After the fire, 9 people fled in time and 4 people died.

Overview of temples

In Longwu temple, xiaxiacang was the former leader of the 12 ethnic groups in Longwu, who was in charge of the political and religious affairs inside and outside the temple. Xiangzuo, together with Longwu angsuo, represents xiaxiacang to deal with the political and religious affairs in the region.

There is a master Dharma platform in the temple, which is responsible for the education and administration of the whole temple. Under the platform, there are 13 to 15 ganba, who directly manage the religious activities of the whole temple, and a master monk, who is responsible for the implementation of the religious rules and discipline of the whole temple.

As a secular leader of the twelve tribes of Longwu, Aung Suo practiced hereditary system and lasted for nine generations until the liberation of Tongren area. Aung Suo is named after the leader of the temple. There is a court and prison in Aung Suo mansion. All major civil and criminal proceedings are decided by Aung Suo mansion. It has four main units: Xianzong wensizhou academy, Mizong academy, Shilun academy and Jiwa Academy.

Jiwa also set up Jiwa master (in charge of the whole temple affairs, providing the monks' living expenses in summer), jiasujiwa (also as Xiangzuo and housekeeper), Jiwa tisai (in charge of debt) and zhacangganba (in charge of Civil Affairs). According to the history of politics and religion of Anduo, the 18 temples are mainly toumao temple, the predecessor of shangxiazhuang temple in Wutun, yeshijiang temple in lancai Township, zhaxiqi temple and longwugong temple in huangnaihai Township, Yige temple in MABA Township, Dangge temple and shagaxia temple in Baoan Township, Xiguan temple in Shuangpengxi Township, Chajia Temple in Jiawu Township, Dajiang temple and Jijia temple in qukuhu township The dead dorekaso monastery, Deqin monastery, zonger monastery, zongga monastery in zhamao Township, and the dead zongsai monastery, Zongma monastery, qumar monastery, and kagongladang monastery all hold the first month prayer meeting together with Longwu monastery.

Longwu temple, the original Xianghuo village, is mainly composed of 12 tribes, namely Longwu Qizhuang, Maba Qizhuang, Sizhaizi, Langjia, Jika sanzhuang, jiawulangcang, sailongba sanzhuang, qukuhu Sibu, heli liuzu, Longwu havuna (now ningxiu township of Zeku County), saishanchuan Sandi, SHANGXIA and riniansang.

In addition, other agricultural and pastoral areas in the Longwu River Basin are also the sphere of influence of the Longwu temple, all under the jurisdiction of xiaxiacang. Before 1958, the temple covered an area of 380 mu, with 31 halls and 1730 rooms, 43 living Buddha angqian, 4201 rooms and 303 monasteries, totaling 2734 rooms.

Longwu temple, a total of 1000 mu of arable land, 2000 horses, 7200 cattle, 15500, 1712 monks (including 43 Living Buddhas). Most of the temple was demolished during the "Cultural Revolution", and only 3 Scripture halls, 5 angqian halls and 24 monasteries were left. Approved for opening in December 1980, the temple of heavenly daughter, pagoda, Guanyin, Manjusri, quwa, and Tantric school are rebuilt, with more than 10 monasteries.

Historical evolution

According to the records in the history of politics and religion in Anduo, as early as the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1301), there was a small monastery of Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Around 1426, the local monk samudan Renqin and his younger brother Luo zhesenge repaired and expanded the monastery. Amiraj, the grandfather of sanmudan Renqin, was born in dankorongwu at the foot of the TANLA mountain in Tibet. He is a yogi specializing in mantra and is good at medical skills. He was sent to Longwu by basiba, the master of the Great Yuan Dynasty. His son, LongQin Duodai, was originally a local official of Longwu. He had nine sons, and his eldest son was sanmudanrenqin. He became a monk when he was a child. He was a teacher of dunzhurenqin, the founder of Xiaqiong Temple (now in Hualong County of Qinghai Province), and received the precepts of bhikkhu.

Dunzhurenqin was also the first teacher of zongkaba, the founder of Gelug school. Later, sanmudan Renqin took the local sajida hundred households as donors and officially built Longwu temple.

A great reputation

Luo zhesenge, the younger brother of sanmudan Renqin, was an eminent monk with profound Buddhist attainments. He was respected by Emperor Xuande of Ming Dynasty and was honored as the national teacher of "Hongxiu Miaowu". From then on, the Longwu family of Longwu Temple gained a great reputation and exercised regional political and religious rule in the Longwu River Basin. Later, five members of the family got the title of national master.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1620), the Gelu sect had a great influence in Qinghai, so Longwu temple was converted to the Gelu sect. With the support of the Ming Dynasty, the Sutra hall was built by the monks and local people. Tomorrow, in 1625, Emperor Xizong inscribed a plaque on the gate of the new Sutra hall.

In 1607, xiaxiacang gadanjaco was born in the Longwu family, which was recognized as the reincarnation of sanmudan Renqin, thus forming the xiaxiacang living Buddha system. In 1630, Gadan Gyatso began to preside over the Longwu temple and built the Xianzong school. In the 32nd year of Qianlong reign (1767), Xia Xia Cang I was granted the title of "national teacher of Hongxiu Miaowu of Hutuktu of Longwu" by Emperor Qianlong. He became the leader of Longwu temple and the leader of politics and religion of 12 nationalities of Longwu temple. He was reincarnated for generations and exercised the regional rule of politics and religion in Tongren area until the liberation of the whole country.

In 1734, the second xiaricang awangjiacuo established the tantric college, and in 1773, the third xiaricangdun chilelajie established the Shilun college, which developed into a Gelug temple with two monks of Xianmi. The largest number of monks was 2300. There were dozens of subordinate temples under its jurisdiction, which developed into a Gelug temple with two monks of Xianmi.

Precious cultural relics

After the restoration of Longwu temple, Longwu Temple reappeared its former style. The temple was built on the mountain, with a well arranged layout and magnificent decoration. Located in the center of the temple, the great Sutra hall has a construction area of more than 1700 square meters and a perimeter of 170 meters. There are 18 giant pillars, 146 short pillars, and dozens of statues for shiyingmuni. The statues are exquisite and solemn, especially the statue of master zongkaba, which is 11 meters high and 26 meters long. The whole body is gilded and inlaid with gold, jade and gems.

All kinds of fine arts and precious cultural relics are collected in the temple, as well as the "Hongxiu Miaowu national master" card granted by Xuande of Ming Dynasty and the plaque of "Shengjing of western regions" inscribed by Emperor Ming Dynasty in the fifth year of Ming Dynasty. There are also many exquisite Buddhist statues, murals, embroidery, Thangka and other works of art, as well as vast Buddhist scriptures and classics, which have become another Buddhist Art Museum in the province. In addition, lengbenkang village is set up in sera and Gandan temples for monks to study Tibetan scriptures.

There are many works

There are many eminent monks in the past dynasties and many works.

Among them, Xia Xia Xia Cang GA Dan Jia CuO complete works, a Rao Cang's Tian Du Zhu Shi and Kan Qin Cang's debate initial stage are the most influential and widely spread. Most of the temple was demolished during the "Cultural Revolution", and only 3 Scripture halls, 5 angqian halls and 24 monasteries were left. Approved for opening in December 1980, the temple of heavenly daughter, pagoda, Guanyin, Manjusri, quwa and Mizong college are now rebuilt. There are more than 10 monasteries.

Eight generations in all

Xia Xia Cang, the master of the temple, has been passed down to eight generations, i.e. Yajie gadanjachuo (1607-1677), a member of Tongren and rilacang tribe; Awang chilejachuo (1678-1739), a fellow townsman of Yishi; Gendun chilejajie (1740-1794), a member of Tongren Nianduhu people; rosang quezajiacuo (1795-1843), a member of chazangtan tribe of Huzhu County, and rosang chilejachachachachakuo (1795-1843), a member of Wushi（ He was the governor of Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the National Committee of ethnic affairs.

The eighth danzengjiu Magadan (1979 -), born in Longwu Town, Tongren County, was recognized in 1991. He is now the deputy director of the Standing Committee of the people's Congress of Huangnan Prefecture and the president of the Buddhist Association of Huangnan Prefecture.

There are more than 2000 monks and 14 Living Buddhas in Longwu temple. The largest living Buddha is the temple master

Chinese PinYin : Long Wu Si