Ancient dwellings in Heyang

Ancient dwellings in Heyang

As a place name, new towns have the same name in Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province and Sichuan Province. Due to the influence of natural conditions and different local policy planning, there are differences in the development and construction of each town.

geographical position

Heyang ancient residence is located in Heyang village, 1.5 km west of Xinjian Town, Jinyun County, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province. Built at the end of the Five Dynasties, it is an ancient residence of the Yuan Dynasty, with a history of more than 1000 years. On February 18, 2000, the people's Government of Zhejiang Province announced it as "Zhejiang provincial historical and cultural reserve". It is 16 kilometers away from Xiandu national AAAA scenic spot in Jinyun County. Antique, original, Millennium Village, Ming and Qing architecture.

Characteristics of folk houses

Heyang historical and cultural reserve has a long history. There are ancient residential buildings in the reserve. Heyang village, known as "800 yanzao and 3000 population", is an ancient village with a history of more than 1100 years. The water system and roads of Heyang basically maintain the design features of the village in the Yuan Dynasty. There are ten clan manor style ancient residential buildings and 15 ancient ancestral halls. There are "Fuchang Temple" in the Song Dynasty, the "bashimen" in the Yuan Dynasty, and the "bashimen" granted by Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty Rare stone, ancient bridges, farm tools, furniture, murals, poems, plaques and carvings, as well as Heyang paper-cut, a unique Chinese folk art, as well as the remains of peasant volunteers in past dynasties, constitute a rare ancient village with a thousand years of culture in Jiangnan. There are also ten ancient ancestral halls, five ancient temples and more than 1500 old buildings. They were built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The number and scale of these buildings are so large that they can be called "one of the best in Jiangnan". Alleys, streets and water systems are full of ancient buildings. Fenghuo gable and Matou wall stand up resolutely, with complex and diverse brick and wood carvings. Siheyuan, big patio, brick and wood structure, and double drapes on the roof call themselves characteristics. The main courtyard, ancestral hall for the front hall after the hall, carved dragon painted buildings, dense places of interest.

94% of the villagers in Heyang are surnamed Zhu. With beautiful mountains and rivers and simple folk customs, they are still living together as a family. They are living fossils of ancient villages in the south of the Yangtze River.

The biggest characteristic of Heyang ancient dwellings is the uniform gray building community, which gives people implicit and euphemistic feeling! The architecture of ancient dwellings has its own characteristics. Some of them have a "garden cave gate" in front of the gate. The gate looks like a garden and looks like a modern garden building. The words "follow the rules" and "reflect the moon" are written on the gate. The most distinctive external wall architecture of ancient dwellings is Daqiao road. There are 32 horsehead like wall heads on this road. From a distance, it looks like a horse's head is roaring up, with extraordinary momentum. Therefore, it is also called "horse head wall". The horse head wall is characterized by "black tile and white wall, cornice angle, mountain and water".

The history and culture of folk houses

The word "Heyang" came from Henan Province. During the period of emperor Xizong in the late Tang Dynasty (about the 970s), Zhu Qingyuan, the Secretary of Wuyue state, the ancestor of Zhu family in Heyang, and Zhu Qingyuan, the brother of Zhu family, came from Puyang, Shandong Province. Later, they moved to Xinyang, Henan Province. They were diligent and knowledgeable since childhood. In 933 ad, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, a group of heroes came to Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. At that time, Hangzhou belonged to the state of Wu and Yue. King Qian Wusu, the emperor of Wu and Yue, heard that Zhu Qingyuan was knowledgeable and eloquent. He hired him as the Secretary in charge of the palace. When King Wusu died of illness, there were wars all over the world, and the general situation did not belong to him. His elder brother Zhu Qingyuan advised his younger brother Zhu Qingyuan to keep a low profile and "bear the talent of great military power, and be determined to explore the chaos, so as to pacify the Central Plains.". We should live in seclusion first, waiting for the world to be clear. So the second year after King Wu Su's death, Zhu Qingyuan and his younger brother wandered around Kuocang's Jinyun. Seeing the beautiful scenery there, he chose the Fengshui treasure land at the foot of the mountain to live in. In order to make Zhu's descendants not forget the origin of their ancestors, he took Xinyang, Henan Province, and named it "Heyang". So there was Heyang village. Since Zhu's settlement, he has had 43 generations. He Yang is now home to the 35th to 42nd generations of Zhu's descendants. In many areas in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Qingtian, Huzhou, Lishui, Wenzhou, Taizhou, and even Fuzhou, Fujian and Shexian, Anhui, Zhu's surnames originated in Heyang. For more than a thousand years, they have been advocating ethics, farming and studying, focusing on agriculture and business. They have come forth in large numbers of talented people and become a famous family in Jinyun.

Heyang village not only has a long history and a long history, but also has a splendid culture and profound foundation. Heyang people use pebbles to lay copper coin patterns in front of their own doors. Part of the copper coin is missing at the entrance. Its moral is "money enters the door". When the owner goes out of the door, he steps into the eyes of money, which means to get rich. This copper coin is unusual. It can forecast the weather. This is because the soil on these sides is soaked in salt brine before laying. When the weather turns overcast, it will return to damp and turn black, so it can play a role in forecasting the weather. Heyang not only has weather money, but also has weather deer and weather cattle in some patios! Thus we can see how clever the people of Heyang are! As an important decoration of ancient houses and clan buildings in Heyang village, Heyang wood carvings reflect the style of ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the grand occasion of Heyang village in that year. Heyang wood carvings strive to be simple and natural in content, slightly implicit, with distinct personality. The carvings are mainly distributed in more eye-catching places, such as corridors, doors and windows, brackets, shrines and so on. In the same part, they are also simple and complicated. The details have their own merits, reflecting the spirit of smart money management, paying attention to practical results and not showing luxury. The decoration method is natural, lively and elegant. It is carved with animals, plants and other patterns. The superb skill makes people marvel.

Bashimen

The most famous building in Heyang of the Yuan Dynasty is "eight scholars gate". Zhu's ancestors in the past dynasties paid attention to farming and business. They were rich in talents. There were eight Jinshi in song and Yuan Dynasties, forming "Yiyang poetry school". It is said that the "eight scholars gate" was built for this purpose. There is also a pair of headless stone lions in front of the "eight scholars gate". The stone lions were given by Zhu Yuanzhang and named "rare", which means that it is rare for a village in Heyang to have eight scholars. The stone lion is still in existence and has a history of more than 600 years. "Ba Shi Men" is the main gate of Heyang village. Historically, people in Heyang always thought that it was very important in Fengshui at the entrance of "Five Dragons snatching pearls" in Zhongfeng mountain, so it is also called "Ba Shi Men". For the sake of Ba Zi, people in Heyang have to go through "Ba Shi Men" when they marry their daughter-in-law, marry their daughter and go to funeral. This custom has been followed up to now. The existing village layout of one stream, two pits, one street and five lanes was designed in Yuan Dynasty.

The folk houses are antique

The 150 meter long ancient street is the central axis of the ancient residential buildings. There are five lanes on the left and right sides of the ancient street, five ancient buildings, six Zhu ancestral halls and 32 ancient temples. The clan manor style ancient buildings are distributed in the north of the ancient street, most of them are brick and wood structure, quadrangle design. The larger scale is between honest and clean, ploughing and chiseling, reflecting the moon according to the rules and so on. Most of the buildings have 18 rooms, so they are called "18 rooms", and those with 29 rooms are called "29 rooms". Built in the 29th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty, it is the most exquisite and complete enclosed "Eighteen rooms" in Heyang. It has an independent self-supporting water well, and the whole building is divided into front hall, back hall, kitchen, pigsty, toilet and other parts. The paintings and poems on the white walls of the exterior walls are well preserved. The wooden beams and columns in the room are covered with exquisite wood carvings. The animals are lifelike and the dragons are flying and the Phoenix are dancing. If you look carefully, you can even see that there are insects on the vegetable leaves. The square lattice of the wooden windows is as fine as a sieve hole. The fingers can't get in. The exquisite carving is amazing.

Temple and ancestral hall

With the enhancement of economic strength, the feudal patriarchal clan system of Heyang was further strengthened. Zhu Hui, the thirtieth grandson of Heyang, as the patriarch of the clan, "established the family law, made the genealogy, repaired the ancestral tombs of the past dynasties, created and accumulated the ancestral temples and sacrificial products, and strictly organized the clan with the principle and law. The ancestral temple lawsuits were not popular for decades." Therefore, there are more than 30 dutiful girls represented by Shu in Heyang, among which there are six who set up memorial archways. Zhu Hanchen and his descendants made great efforts in public welfare undertakings, such as: building the Chuzhou County trial courtyard, building the Confucius Temple in the county, building the new youyou Literature Museum, building the Heyang Gongji bridge, creating the Yitian changchan, relieving the hungry people, building roads and pavilions, etc.

"Eighteen rooms"

Heyang residents mainly have three structural forms of "16 rooms", "18 rooms" and "28 rooms", in addition to "10 rooms" and "13 rooms".

Represented by "18 rooms", that is, 18 rooms in each building. This is a typical representative of Heyang's large families, most of which were built in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, and a small number were built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. The layout structure is based on the overall needs of large families. Since it is a big family, there must be some elements to show off to the surrounding. Moreover, the essence of Confucian culture is conservative, so the eighteen will not have much innovation on the whole.

There are more than 20 existing "18 rooms", and many of them have their own names, such as "round gate", "Lian rang Jian", "ancient scholar", "ploughing and chiseling legacy" and so on.

The "18 rooms" are generally divided into two parts: courtyard and ancillary buildings, and their layout is in the order of house, courtyard and apartment.

Apartment: in front of the front hall of the compound, it is the access to the compound, some even the only access, so it becomes the first place for the whole "18 rooms" to show their faces. Although it is a subsidiary building, it is one of the most expensive places for the owner of the house. Its main function is to guard. But its wall is not a traditional wall. In modeling and local decoration, we pay special attention to cultural taste. There are all kinds of pictures and poems on it. For example, "honest and clean"

Chinese PinYin : He Yang Gu Min Ju