Huanglong Temple

Huanglong Temple

Huanglong Temple scenic area is located in Songpan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. The main scenic area is 56 kilometers away from Songpan county. The scenic area is composed of Huanglong Temple, Munigou, xueshanliang, Xuebaoding, Danyun gorge and other scenic spots, covering an area of 700 square kilometers.

Huanglong Temple scenic spot is a nature reserve and a national scenic spot. It is listed as a world natural heritage with Jiuzhaigou. The scenic spot is famous at home and abroad for its wonderful, unique, beautiful and secluded natural scenery, known as "human yaochi".

Introduction

Huanglong Temple scenic spot is a nature reserve and a national scenic spot. It is listed as a world natural heritage with Jiuzhaigou.

The scenic spot is famous at home and abroad for its wonderful, unique, beautiful and secluded natural scenery, known as "human yaochi". The main scenic area of Huanglong Temple is 75 kilometers long, with an altitude of 3000-3558 meters. On the long milky slope, there are lots of Ficus, beautiful flowers and trees, clear water and spring, and rolling down the platform, forming thousands of circuitous and layer upon layer inlaid color pools. The color pools vary in size, shape, depth and dust-free. With the change of the surrounding scenery and the different angle of sunlight reflection, they present a variety of fantastic colors.

There are many scenic spots in the area, such as Yingbin pool, waterfall Liuhui, washen cave, Jinsha paving and so on. In addition to the main scenic area, there is also dannigou scenic area. The main scenic spots are erdaohai, zhaga waterfall, etc., which are characterized by primitive forest, waterfall and flowing spring. Xueshanliang is an important scenic spot on the way to Huanglong Temple; Xuebaoding is the highest peak of the whole scenic area, with an altitude of 5588 meters. There are four Haizi in the mountain, which is a place for mountain climbing and skiing; Danyun gorge focuses on the scenery of the gorge, with excellent vegetation.

The origin of the temple's name

Every year on June 15 of the lunar calendar, a temple fair is held in huanglonghou temple, where people from all walks of life gather and are very lively. It is described as "tents are distributed like company Camps, Qiang songs and di dances are mixed and noisy". There are two versions about the name of Huanglong. One is that the scenery is named after the temple. There is a Huanglong Temple in the local area, and the Huanglong Temple is derived from the name of the society. It is said that Xiayu controlled the water to Maozhou, and Huanglong guided the river for his boat. Later generations set up a temple to offer sacrifices, so it is called Huanglong Temple. After the success of water control, Huanglong abandoned the Dragon Palace and lived here to beautify the world, creating this "human Yao Chi" - Huanglong Temple scenic spot.

Another rule is that the main scene of Huanglong is a yellow tufa pile that meanders from the top of the mountain. The color pools on it are stacked one after another. Looking up from a distance, it looks like a colorful Golden Dragon Rising from the snow capped peak and the jungle.

historical origin

According to the annals of Songpan County, "Huanglong Temple was built by soldiers and horses of the Ming Dynasty. It is also called Xueshan temple. It is said that the immortal Huanglong raised Taoism here, so it is named. There are three temples, the front, the middle and the back, facing each other, five li apart. " There are three temples in front, middle and back of the ditch, but the former temple only remains. The Middle Temple has five halls, covering an area of about 5100 square meters. The existing Guanyin hall and ten arhat statues are located at the end of Huanglong ditch, with an altitude of 3558 meters and an area of 2100 square meters. The temple buildings are basically well preserved.

It is said that Huanglong contributed to Yu's flood control, and later generations built temples and erected steles here for sacrifice. On the other hand, Huanglong Temple was built because Huanglong became an immortal here. At present, the main hall of the temple is decorated with a black Taoist robe and a serene human statue of Huanglong. Less than 100 meters from the back of the temple, there is a dragon king temple.

Every year, the temple fair of Huanglong Temple is held on June 15 of the lunar calendar. At that time, Tibetan, Qiang, Hui and Han people will come here with tents, cooking utensils and food. People climb mountains to enjoy the beauty of nature, pray for good luck and harvest, and young men and women pour out their love to each other here. Huanglong Temple Fair has become a grand gathering of unity and friendship among people of all ethnic groups. Huanglongzhong temple covers an area of about 500 square meters.

Layout structure

Huanglong Temple, is a Buddhist temple mu, for the single eaves Xieshan style shape, simple and majestic. The original five halls are Lingguan hall, Maitreya hall, Tianwang hall, Great Buddha Hall and Guanyin hall. Now there are only Guanyin hall and eighteen Arhats. So far, it has been renovated.

There are tea, instruments and tourist souvenirs in the hall. Huanglong Temple around the mountains, green ups and downs, also known as Canglong mountain. Yucui mountain and Xuebaoding, the peak of the mountain, are located above Huanglong. There are well-developed glacial landforms on Xuebaoding.

The layout of Huanglong Temple is that the middle road of the front is the mountain gate, the left and right of the mountain gate are the bell tower and the drum tower, and the front is the heavenly king's hall. There are four statues of Vajra in the hall, followed by the main hall and the Sutra collection building, and the monk's room and the Zhaitang are on the left and right sides of the middle road.

Daxiong hall is the most important and huge building in the Buddhist temple, "Daxiong" is the Buddha Sakyamuni.

Main building

Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhist temples usually built pagodas in front of the temple or in the center of the courtyard. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhist temples generally replaced the pagodas, and most of the temples had another pagoda courtyard. Regardless of the scale and location of Chinese Buddhist temples, their architectural layout has a certain rule: the plane is square, and the space is organized by the North-South deep axis of Shanmen hall Tianwang hall Daxiong hall main hall for Bodhisattva Dharma hall Sutra library, which is symmetrical, steady and rigorous. Along this central axis, the front and back buildings are in succession, just like a lively movement. The architectural beauty of Chinese temples is reflected in the mutual echo of mountains, pines and cypresses, flowing water, halls and pavilions. It is implicit and warm, showing the harmony, tranquility and charm given by the combination of changes. The ancient Chinese had a deep view of the universe of yin and Yang and an aesthetic psychology of advocating symmetry, order and stability. Therefore, Chinese Buddhist temples integrate the unique functions of sacrificing ancestors and heaven and earth. They are still square in plane, arranged along the north and South axes, symmetrical, steady and well-organized. In addition, Buddhist temples with garden style architecture are also common in China. These two kinds of artistic patterns make Chinese temples not only have elegant and solemn Temple atmosphere, but also full of natural interest and profound artistic conception.

Space art

Huanglong Temple Architecture intends to blur the internal and external space, paying attention to the mutual transformation of indoor and outdoor space. The hall, doors and windows, pavilions and verandahs are open to the outside, forming a flexible and transparent effect of emptiness, reality, movement and stagnation. The vague and changeable space consciousness is deeply related to the Chinese cosmology of the unity of heaven and man and the transformation of yin and Yang. "The universe is said from all directions, and the universe is said from ancient times to the present." the infinity of space and time is the universe. The original meaning of the word "Yu" is the eaves of the house, the infinite space, and of course, the heaven and earth are the Lu. This view of the universe brings heaven and earth closer to the heart of the people, and man and nature are closely related. The concept of "Taking heaven and earth as the Lu" has existed for a long time. "A man should be in harmony with heaven and earth in virtue, and with the sun and the moon in brightness" (Yi · qiangua · classical Chinese), "heaven and earth coexist with me, and all things are one with me" (Zhuangzi · Qi Wu Lun), "great music and heaven and earth coexist, great ceremony and heaven and earth coexist" (Yue Ji · Le Lun Pian) ）In Dong Zhongshu's Chunqiu Fanlu, the harmony between heaven, earth and human is a great harmony, so "music", an art, should embody this harmony. Therefore, there are so many outdoor spaces in China's temple complex. It does not exclude nature, but includes it. The "ancient temples hidden in the mountains" are introverted. In fact, actively integrating oneself with nature is another way of self affirmation: the temple is not only hidden in the mountains, but also becomes a part of the mountains. "Tuoti is the same as the mountain". The integration of architecture and nature is the embodiment of the unity of heaven and man. This is why temples in China are often located in famous mountains and secluded forests.

Temple culture

Huanglong Temple, a treasure house of Chinese art, is a symbol of China's long history and culture. In a broad sense, temples are not only related to Buddhism. But in Buddhism, there are many kinds of appellations for temples, such as "Temple". At first, it did not refer to Buddhist temples. Since the Qin Dynasty, official houses have been called temples. In the Han Dynasty, the place where the eminent monks from the West lived was also called the temple. Since then, "Temple" has gradually become the special name of Chinese Buddhist architecture. "Temple" is a new name for Buddhist architecture after Buddhism spread to China. Such as Baima temple, Dazhao temple, etc. Besides, Ru'an is the temple where nuns live. There are also grottoes, which are carved on the cliff, a form of early Buddhist architecture. This form was often used in early Indian Buddhist temples. There are two forms of Buddhist grottoes in India. One is a small square cave with a front door and three niches for monks to practice in the niches. The other is Zhiti cave with a large area. There is a pagoda in the middle of the cave and in front of the pagoda for believers to worship Buddha. In Mongolian, "Temple" is called "call". Such as Da Zhao, Wu Dang Zhao, etc. In addition, it is called Potala Palace, Putuo Zongcheng temple, etc

In Taoism, there are many appellations for Temples: at the beginning of Taoism, its religious organizations and places of activities were all called "governance". Also known as "Lu", "Jing", also known as Jingbao. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, the activity place of Taoism was called xianguan. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the place of Taoist activities was called "Guan", which means watching the stars and Qi. In the Tang Dynasty, because the emperor recognized Lao Tzu as his ancestor, and the emperor's residence was called "Palace", so Taoist architecture was also called "Palace". Others are called "Yuan" and "Ci", such as Manjusri temple and Bixia temple. Confucianists call it "Temple", "Palace" and "altar", such as Confucius Temple, Confucian temple, Yonghe palace, Temple of heaven, etc. Islam calls it "Temple", such as mosque. Catholics call it "the church.". In primitive or folk, it is called "Temple" and "ancestral temple"

Chinese PinYin : Huang Long Si