Cologne Cathedral, Germany

Cologne Cathedral

synonym

Cologne Cathedral in Germany generally refers to Cologne Cathedral

K ü lner DOM (full name Hohe Domkirche St. Peter und Maria) is a Catholic cathedral in Cologne, Germany. It is a landmark building in Cologne.

Among all the churches, its height ranks second in Germany (only next to Ulm Cathedral in Ulm city) and third in the world. In terms of scale, it is the largest church in northern Europe, which combines magnificence and delicacy. It is known as the most perfect model of Gothic church architecture. It was built in 1248, and the project was completed intermittently. It was announced by German Emperor William I in 1880, which took a long time It has been more than 600 years and is still under renovation.

historical event

In 1164, the remains of the "three kings of the Orient" arrived.

From 1180 to 1230, the three kings' relic box was placed.

Foundation laying ceremony on August 15, 1248.

In 1322, the grand singing world was inaugurated.

About 1355, the 157 meter high minaret began construction.

Goethe visited the Cathedral for the first time in 1744.

In 1814, part of the medieval western facade was recovered.

The other half of the medieval western facade was found in 1816.

Construction resumed in 1842.

On October 15, 1880, the cathedral, which took 632 years and two months to build, was finally completed.

The 700th anniversary of 1948.

The 750th anniversary of 1998.

Introduction to the church

Cologne Cathedral is located in the center of Cologne. It was built in 1248 and completed in 1880. The cathedral is a symbol of the authority of Christianity in Europe and a model of Gothic religious architecture. It is a rare building with five entrances. The interior space is high and wide, and the tower is straight to the sky, symbolizing the desire of man to communicate with God. In addition to the two high towers, there are many small minarets outside the church. The four walls of the church are equipped with stained glass depicting biblical figures; the bell tower is equipped with five ringing bells, the heaviest of which is 24 tons. There are many treasures in Cologne Cathedral. During World War II, part of the church was destroyed and has been under repair for nearly 20 years. Cologne Cathedral, as a symbol of faith and a witness of European cultural tradition, was finally preserved.

Cologne Cathedral is the largest church in northern Europe. It takes French Reims cathedral and Amiens cathedral as examples. It is the first church in Germany built completely according to the French Gothic style. Archaeological excavation shows that in today's Cologne where the cathedral stands high, there was a Roman temple, surrounded by rich businessmen's mansion. The first Christian Church was built in 320 ad, and the baptism basin can be seen in today's Cathedral.

In 1996, according to the cultural heritage standard C (I) (II) (IV), Cologne Cathedral was listed in the world heritage list in the report of the 20th session of the World Heritage Committee.

Cologne Cathedral is the pride and symbol of Cologne. Cologne, Germany, is now the largest international business center in Rhine District, holding various international expositions frequently. On a sunny day, you can feel a strong religious atmosphere when you come to this historic ancient city in the middle reaches of the Rhine River.

Located in the center of Cologne, Germany, Cologne Cathedral is the largest church in Germany. Its full name is "chagt Peter Maria cathedral". It is famous for its lightness and elegance. It is the representative work of Gothic architectural art in medieval Europe. It can also be said that it is the most perfect Gothic church architecture in the world. Together with Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome, it is known as the three major religious buildings in Europe.

In addition to its important architectural and artistic value, it is also a symbol of European Christian authority.

It is said that when Schumann entered the cathedral, he was shocked by its momentum and germinated the idea of writing "Rhine Symphony". It is not only a legend in itself, but also an outstanding theme in the history of art. Climb the 509 steps to the church tower, where you can see the world's largest church bell, and enjoy the water color of the Rhine River and the magnificent city of Cologne. At the same time, since the completion of the church, the city government of Cologne has stipulated that all buildings in the city should not be higher than the church. As a result, many buildings in Cologne have only seven or eight floors on the ground, but four or five floors underground. From the perspective of architectural scale and decorative art quality, Cologne Cathedral is superior to all previous Gothic buildings, making it one of the most famous churches in the world.

scale

Tower height: 157.3m (equivalent to the 45 storey height of modern architecture [if 3.5m is taken as one storey], it was the tallest building in the world in 1880s, and now it ranks the third tallest Church in the world)

Hall height: 42m

Length: 144.58m

Transverse width: 86.25m

Area: 7914 square meters

Foundation: Roman cross

Form: Gothic church

Architectural appearance

The church covers an area of 8000 square meters, with a construction area of about 6000 square meters. It is 144.55 meters long from east to west and 86.25 meters wide from north to south. The area is equivalent to a football field. It is a group of buildings with two tallest towers as the main door and a cross shaped plane as the main body inside. Most of the galleries in general churches are East-West oriented, crossing the altar with the North-South transverse corridor to form a cross; Cologne Cathedral is a rare five entry building with high and wide internal space. The high tower leads people's eyes to heaven, straight to the sky, symbolizing people's desire to communicate with God. From 1864, Cologne issued lottery tickets to raise funds to its completion in 1880, it has been continuously widened and heightened. Moreover, the buildings are all made of polished stones, with a total of 160000 tons of stones built like stalagmites. The whole project uses 400000 tons of stones. In the center of the church are two twin minarets connected with the door wall. The south tower is 157.31 meters high, and the North Tower is 157.38 meters high. It is the second tallest minaret in Europe (second only to Ulm Cathedral). In addition to the two minarets, there are 11000 small minarets. The twin minarets, like two sharp swords, soar into the sky (see photo).

Cologne Cathedral is still one of the highest churches in the world, and each component is very accurate. Today, experts and scholars have not found the architectural calculation formula at that time.

Cologne Cathedral in the night is the most spectacular: in the light of the glow, the church appears fluorescent flashing, brilliant, beautiful. The spotlights installed on the surrounding buildings radiate blue light to the church, shining on the magnificent buildings, as if inlaid with blue gems, dyed with beautiful mystery. The double spires in the center of the church soar into the sky, and a series of pointed arched windows carry a steep roof. The whole church looks strange, cold and full of power.

Since the Cologne Cathedral was listed in the world heritage list, it has become a famous tourist attraction. Tourists come to the famous Cologne Cathedral and can't stop admiring it. This cathedral is made of polished marble. The sculptures inside and outside of the Cathedral are like masterpieces. The tall stone pillars, colorful colored glass, exquisite arcade roof and soaring twin towers in the church are all proud. Climbing to the top of the tower more than 150 meters, overlooking the city, you can have a panoramic view of Cologne. The grandeur of Cologne Cathedral is amazing to all who look at it.

Historical evolution

historical background

Cologne is a famous city to the north of the Alps, known as "Rome of the north". In the Roman era in 37 BC, agrippi, the son-in-law of Augustus, the Roman emperor, built a city here, which was a colonial city of Rome. Its name evolved from colonial, and the city became a military fortress of the Roman Empire. In 50 ad, the city was the birthplace of Roman queen Claudia, and it was officially named Cologne.

In 785, the Roman Catholic church set up a bishop, and the Rhine trading center developed. In 795, Cologne was designated as the residence of the Archbishop of westphalon. Cologne won the name of "Jerusalem in the north" because of the construction of a series of church buildings dominated by cathedrals. In 1201, it became a free city and developed into a trade center of eastern and Western Europe and the largest city in medieval Germany. Because of the high development of trade, handicraft industry and art, the handicraft guild even elected its own mayor to compete with the Roman rulers. When the Hanseatic League was founded, Cologne became a major city. It has the headquarters of the lower Rhine West Fallon urban agglomeration. In the 15th century, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire recognized Cologne as a free city, which gained the right of urban freedom. After the 15th century, with the decline of the Hanseatic League, Cologne's economic status in Germany gradually declined.

This change directly explains why Cologne Cathedral was built in Gothic style. Influenced by Roman culture in early Germany, church architecture is a typical Roman style. After the 12th century, the rise of the civil class, political and economic changes, the architectural form changed. The construction of the cathedral is very important

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