Hancheng Confucian Temple

Confucious'Temple

synonym

Hancheng Confucian temple generally refers to the Confucian Temple (Hancheng Confucian temple, Shaanxi Province)

Hancheng Confucian temple, located in Dongxue lane, the old city of Hancheng, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, is a group of well preserved buildings of Yuan Dynasty. According to the Ming Dynasty's Yi Tong Zhi, Hancheng county was rebuilt in 1371 A.D. in the fourth year of Hongwu. According to the general annals of Shaanxi, "Zhou Jicheng, the magistrate of the county, rebuilt in the fourth year of Hongwu.".

Although the Confucian temple was rebuilt later, the structural shape of the main buildings in the temple remained unchanged. It is a representative ancient architectural complex in Shaanxi Province since the 13th century.

Hancheng Confucian temple is also the site of Hancheng City Museum.

Brief introduction of Confucian Temple

Hancheng Confucian temple is located in the north of the east end of Dongxue lane, Jincheng District, Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province. It is the third largest Confucian temple in China. Its scale is second only to that of Qufu in Shandong Province and Guozijian street in Beijing.

Even the Confucius Temple of Guozijian in Beijing was later than it

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Up to now, there is no unified statement about the construction age of Hancheng Confucian temple. The staff of the museum hold the view that it was built in the early Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in the Song Dynasty. It is recorded in the Ming Dynasty's Yi Tong Zhi that Hancheng county was rebuilt at the former site in 1371 A.D., the fourth year of Hongwu. According to the general annals of Shaanxi, "Zhou Jicheng, the magistrate of the county, rebuilt in the fourth year of Hongwu.". In recent years, the view of Hancheng cultural relics annals is that the specific date of Hancheng Confucian temple is unknown. Through the research and inference of related cultural relics, the Confucian temple was built in the early Tang Dynasty and experienced the reconstruction and expansion of the dynasties. Its architectural style integrates the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has the saying of "four generations of architecture and one temple".

The Confucian temple faces south and has four courtyards. The main buildings are Zhaobi, Lingxing gate, panchi, Jimen, Dacheng hall, Zhengyi Mingdao gate, Minglun hall, Zunjing Pavilion and so on, forming a 200 meter north-south central axis. On both sides of the axis are archway, zhizhai, dressing room, stele tower, stele Pavilion, east-west veranda, east-west stele forest, zhangjiusi, diankusi, east-west study and other buildings.

In the East and west of the temple, there are other ancillary buildings, such as Minghuan temple and Wenchang Pavilion, which are connected with the temple. In the architectural design, the temple emphasizes the symmetrical pattern of the central axis, makes use of the progressive courtyards, reasonably arranges the buildings according to the functions, and combines the temple with the school, which is an example of studying the local Confucian temple architecture in the early Ming Dynasty.

Cultural relics protection

On May 31, 1957, it was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit at the county level by the people's Government of Hancheng county.

In 1977, it was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province.

In 2001, Hancheng Confucian temple, as an ancient building of Ming Dynasty, was listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Hancheng Confucian temple integrates the architecture of song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, with standard layout and magnificent posture. The temple faces south from the north. In 1371 (the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), it was rebuilt and expanded on a large scale. It covers a total area of 8400 square meters and has a central axis of more than 180 meters. There are 22 main buildings and 78 matched buildings. It is the most complete ancient Confucian temple complex in Western China after the 14th century. The Confucian temple is composed of five main buildings including Lingxing gate, Jimen gate, Dacheng hall, Minglun hall and Zunjing Pavilion, and four closely connected courtyards.

There are two wooden archways outside the Confucian temple. In the East Square, there is "virtue matches heaven and earth", and in the west square, there is "Tao runs through the past and the present". Entering the temple from the two gates of "xianguan" and "Shengyu", there is a dismounting stone at the gate of "civil and military officials, soldiers and civilians dismount here". On the south side of the "Wanren official wall", there are five dragons with vivid body, flying in the air and colorful glaze, which are lifelike and exquisite. There are brick carvings of carp playing in waves on both sides. The flying dragon leaping fish is full of talents. At the same time, it also implies that once the "scholar boy" of feudal society gets a gold medal, it will be like the carp leaping over the dragon's gate. It will have a bright future.

Main building

Lattice star gate

The "Lingxing gate" is the main gate of the Confucian temple. The gate is of the hanging mountain type. It is composed of three wooden archways, with five high arches and supplementary rooms. It is divided into seven, five and three pieces, decorated with dragons and phoenixes, immortals, lions and horses, flowers, etc. The column goes straight out of the house, commonly known as Tongtian column. Top decoration glass Panlong, flower sleeve and treasure gourd save head. Through this gate, you can enter the first courtyard. The courtyard is full of ancient cypresses, trees and flowers. The fresh and elegant environment is pleasing to the eyes. There is "pan water" in front of the door and "Pan Bridge" on the water. There are symmetrical "dressing kiosks" and "zhizhaisuo" on the East and west sides of the courtyard, which are the places for cleaning the heart and bathing the noodles and arranging the clothes and crowns before offering sacrifices to Confucius. The six symmetrical archways on both sides respectively record the general situation of rebuilding the temple in the past dynasties.

jimen

The third room in the north of the courtyard is the "halberd gate". Passing through the "halberd gate", you can enter the second courtyard. To the north of the courtyard is the main building of the Confucian temple, "Dacheng hall", which is the place where Confucius Memorial tablets are placed. There are 33 ancient cypresses in the Confucian temple, with luxuriant leaves and numerous branches. The second courtyard is concave with compact layout and rigorous structure.

Minglun Hall

Out of the corner gate and into the third courtyard, the Minglun hall is spacious and bright. There is a large plaque with "dignity of teachers" hanging above the hall. The font is vigorous and deep. This is the place where "preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts" were held in those years. On both sides of the courtyard, there are seven corridor houses, which are zhangjiusi and diankusi respectively, with East and West stele forest on both sides.

Zunjing Pavilion

After passing through the Ming Lun hall, you come to the fourth courtyard, where you can see the "Zunjing Pavilion". The height of the platform is 3.65 meters. The pavilion has a double eaves on the top of the mountain. There are four corridors around it. There are eighteen couplets in the Ming Dynasty. Looking around the platform, you can have a panoramic view of the ancient city.

Hancheng Confucian temple is also the location of Hancheng Museum, which displays all the treasures of the past dynasties. With an area of more than 2000 square meters, the exhibition hall is divided into five exhibition rooms: fine cultural relics, ancient crafts, celebrities of past dynasties, stone carvings, stone carvings and temporary ones. Among them, there are more than 500 precious cultural relics and more than 10000 official cultural relics, ranking first among county-level museums in Shaanxi Province

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Ancient cypress in Confucian Temple

There are many cypresses in Hancheng Confucian temple, with a total of 33 trees, luxuriant leaves and branches, and fragrant. There is a 1500 year old ancient cypress in the second entrance courtyard. After thousands of years, this cypress is still isolated, upright and full of vitality

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This millennium old tree is like a five fingered ancient cypress, with its lifelike branches, natural animal shape and deep meaning of "Wuzi Dengke". In addition to binding blessing belts on tree trunks, tourists also rush to touch and pray for blessings in order to absorb their aura and pray for good luck.

In the Confucian temple, in addition to the local people in Hancheng, there are also tourists from the surrounding areas who come to worship and pray. Most of them come with their families and children to pray for success in their studies.

Wulong Zhaobi

In the south, there is a tall five dragon wall, also known as Wanren palace wall, which symbolizes the broad and profound Confucianism founded by Confucius. The dragon on the wall is vivid and the glaze pattern is colorful, and the craft is exquisite. The two sides are decorated with relief sculptures of carp playing in the waves, and the Dragon leaps to the top, which means that there are a large number of talents. Confucius was honored as "the most sage and forerunner of Dacheng" by successive monarchs. Confucius can not be compared with the real dragon, so the nine dragons are separated

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Wuzi Dengke cypress. After entering the Confucian temple courtyard, you can see many ancient cypresses. There are 33 ancient cypresses here. The oldest and most distinctive one is Wuzi Dengke cypress, also known as Wuzi Dengke cypress. It is a symbol of good luck. If you touch it with your hand, you can fulfill your wish and bring good luck to people. Careful tourists can also see this tree It has a long history and experienced many vicissitudes. The natural shape of its branches is very peculiar, with peacock, sika deer, antelope, crane and other shapes on it.

Stone lion dragon pillar

There is a dragon pillar in front of the Dacheng hall, with stone lions carrying each other. There is a royal road in the middle, which is specially for the emperor to worship Confucius. The imperial court orders officials to walk on both sides, and local officials walk on the wrong side. It can be said that the hierarchy is strict. Our Hancheng Confucian temple has never visited the real dragon emperor. Fortunately, in the 26th year of Qianlong reign, Wang Jie, a Hancheng native, passed the imperial examination once. Later, Wang Jie became the Prime Minister of the three dynasties. The story of Prime Minister Liu Luoguo is based on Wang Jie. Of course, the Prime Minister Wang Jie is not Luoguo.

Birthday plaque given to Wang Jie by Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing

Wang Jie was born in the back of Hancheng temple. He won the first prize in the examination in the 26th year of Qianlong. He was an official for more than 40 years. He was honest and upright, and was highly appreciated by the emperors of Qianlong and Jiaqing. This plaque is the birthday plaque given to Wang Jie by Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing. "Zanyuan Xigu": This is the birthday plaque given by Emperor Qianlong at the 70th birthday of Wang Jie. Praise: praise, praise meaning; Yuan: 60, tiangan dizhi one yuan is 60; tin: give meaning; Fu: Happy meaning, the combined meaning is: bless his 70th birthday, and give him happiness. "Fu Sui Yan Xi": it was given by Emperor Jiaqing. Wang Jie was not only the Prime Minister of Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing, but also the teacher of emperor Jiaqing. Therefore, he was respected and loved by Emperor Jiaqing. The plaque and poem plaque were given by Wang Jie and his wife at their 80th birthday. Fu: happiness; Sui: peace; Yanxi: pairing. These plaques were collected by the museum after many twists and turns, so they are very precious. Poem plaque: "Huiteng purple extremely shining Hancheng, sea house ready to add crane calculate win.". The ground is near the West pool, and the stars are bright and bright. In the two dynasties, the tripod was called wensibei (tripod: prosperous, just prosperous or strong), and the eight tripods were called shouyuhong. We hope that we can have a long-term success. "

Ancient root carving

It was carved for the Ming Dynasty,

Chinese PinYin : Han Cheng Wen Miao