Guangwu tombs

Guangwu tombs

Guangwu and Wuhan tombs are the tombs of Han Dynasty in China. They are located in the open land to the north of the old and new Guangwu village in Shanyin County, Shanxi Province. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the city of Aikou was built, that is, the new and old Guangwu city. From the Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty, it belonged to Loufan County, Yanmen county. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yanmen county was transferred to the ancient city of yinguan, one kilometer north of the tombs of today's Han Dynasty. Because it was the place where the Han Dynasty fought with Xiongnu for a long time, a large group of Han tombs were left over for hundreds of years.

Guangwu tombs were named after Guangwu in 1950 when the Yanbei cultural relics investigation group of the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of culture came here to investigate. At present, it is the largest, most concentrated and most complete group of Han Tombs in China, with 293 mounds.

Historical origin

Guangwu tombs are about 4 km in width, starting from the old and new Guangwu village and Zhangzhuang village in Shanyin County in the East and reaching Liren village, Baizhuang village and shaliao village in Shuocheng District in the West. One kilometer north of the old and new Guangwu village, there are more than 250 mounds with relatively complete preservation. Most of the mounds are about 6 meters high, and a few are more than 10 meters high. The top of the mound is slightly square. It is inferred that the mound was originally in the shape of a bucket. There are more earth pit tombs in the Western Han Dynasty and brick chamber tombs in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The surface of these small tombs has no sealing soil. Due to natural accidents such as floods, the tombs are often damaged, and the burial utensils in the tombs are often exposed and lost. Han Dynasty bricks and tiles are also common in cemeteries.

Cultural relics protection

In order to strengthen the protection of the tombs, a full-time cultural relics keeper was set up in 1979, which was under the management of Yanmenguan Great Wall Cultural Relics depository in 1982 and Guangwu cultural relics depository in 1987.

After the Yuantai expressway was opened to traffic, I usually took a bus when I went back to my hometown. When I first came out of Yanmen pass and saw the Guangwu tombs, I was shocked by the towering soil. I was eager to get out of the car and go to a nearby place to have a look at these ancient tombs of the Han Dynasty. Although these tombs were not the tombs of the soldiers guarding the border in the Han Dynasty, in my eyes, each one was as high as ten meters in shape as a hill The tomb is no different from a monument. When you are in it, you immediately feel small. In the Qin Dynasty, the moon was bright, and in the Han Dynasty, the pass was closed. Before the Long March, you should not laugh. In ancient times, there were several people who fought back. Qingshan had the honor to bury his loyal bones. Why should he return his body It is these tiny individuals who protect the infinite rivers and mountains in the world of Hanshi. Thousands of years later, they still stand in a neat array in the autumn wind outside the Great Wall.

On January 13, 1988, Guangzhou Wuhan tombs and Pingyao City wall were announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Guangzhou Wuhan tombs, Shuozhou fanwang Temple tombs, Mayi tombs, Pingshuo tombs and Huairen Jinshan tombs have become key cultural relics protection units at the provincial level.

geographical position

Guangwu tombs are located in the southwest of Shanyin County, Shuozhou City. Guangwu tombs are located in the north of Guangwu City, 30 kilometers south of Shanyin County, Shanxi Province. This area is open, the middle of the cemetery due to water erosion, formed a long ditch from south to north, Han tombs are mainly distributed on both sides of the ditch.

There are 44 tombs in the East, 16 tombs in the West and 9 tombs in the east of the old Guangwu city. The diameter and height of the tomb are more than 10 meters, and the largest one is about 20 meters. According to the literature, before the northern and Southern Dynasties, the northern part of the Great Wall was once an important area for fighting between the north and the south. In the Han Dynasty, a military area was set up here to garrison troops. Many Han tombs were found in this area, all of which were the tombs of soldiers who died during the war. The Guangwu tombs are the larger one among them.

Discovery process

Mr. Wang lived in the old Guangwu village under Yanmen pass for more than 70 years, working at sunrise and resting at sunset. His share of the field is only a mile to the west of the village. What's different is that his field is surrounded by a huge mound of earth.

One day more than half a century ago, young Wang Laohan was working in his own field as usual. However, with a little effort, the ground suddenly collapsed and a hole with a diameter of more than 30 cm appeared in front of him. His intuition tells him that this may be an underground passage, but what's going on inside?

Old man Wang couldn't figure out the whole story for a moment, so he decided to go into the tunnel to see what happened! After going down, there are four corners and four doors. No matter which door or four doors I go in, there are still four doors inside. I've only entered three doors. I dare not enter any more. I can't get oxygen. I can't find it when I go in. I can't find out where it goes. I don't know. What's going on? What is the connection between the tunnel discovered by Mr. Wang and the huge mounds of earth in front of him?

Geographically, this mound is located between the inner and outer Great Wall, less than ten li away from Yanmen pass. In history, it was once a place where the Han people in the Central Plains and the nomadic people in the north had to fight. According to historical records, there were more than 200 major wars here. Countless unknown soldiers cast their blood on this land. A generation of good generals Li Mu, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Xue Rengui and Yang ye all left their footprints here.

According to the research of meteorologist Zhu Kezhen, he believes that the period from the Han Dynasty to the Northern Dynasty is the last cold period in China, so during this period, due to the cold climate of the northern people, the grassland is not as prosperous as it used to be. In order to survive, he had to move south.

Then, the southward migration of the northern nationalities will inevitably have a great impact on the cities and towns originally inhabited by the Han nationality in the mainland. In the face of the continuous southward invasion of the northern nomads, the Han people in the Central Plains not only sent a large number of soldiers to guard the frontier fortress, but also built a huge defense system by taking advantage of the special geographical location of Gouzhu mountain where Yanmen pass is located. The winding inner Great Wall on the top of the mountain behind Guangwu village just proves this point.

History

The Great Wall is the concentrated expression of the ancient 72 defense system outside Yanmen pass. It has the whole area of the yinguan and yangmingbu of baicaokou old and new Guangwu LIULANG city. This place is a large military defense system for war. It is relatively concentrated in Guangwu. Why did many well-known domestic experts at that time call the military culture outside Yanmen pass, that is, the Central Plains culture inside Yanmen pass, that mainly embodies the ancient war military culture outside Guangwu pass. So what are these huge mounds?

Shanyin county annals marks this area as "lie grain pile" on the map. What's the matter? Yang LIULANG's lie grain pile, this is a legend, this one word that one word, said that Yang LIULANG had no grain, took the mat and put the earth there, it seems to become a big granary. The legend about Yang LIULANG's skillful use of "lie grain pile" to retreat from Liao army has been circulating for a long time in the folk, true and false, false and true also reflects the essence of military theory.

Folklore

In this way, these mounds should have been specially built by General Yang when he was fighting with Liao soldiers. Is that true? Among the people, there is another story about this huge mound.

The original name is luanheuzhong. Luanheuzhong is that all kinds of people are buried in it. It's not a family in a village. There are all kinds of people. It's luanheuzhong. There are many kinds of tombs. "Grave" in the Chinese Dictionary means "grave". As the name suggests, "random grave" is a desolate cemetery. If the mound in front of us is really a desolate cemetery, who are the people buried inside? All sorts of mysteries question the people who explore the truth. The secret way of Yanmenguan's military defense system, the "lie grain pile" where Yang family will defeat Liao soldiers, and the tomb of unknown people, which of them is the true face of this huge sealed earth pile?

Cultural relics investigation

In 1951,

Mr. Yan Wenru personally wrote and published the excavation report of Guangwu Han tombs, which confirmed that the so-called lie grain mound or random grave, these mounds were officially named Guangwu tombs. Later, it was officially called guangwuhan tombs by the state cultural relics protection unit. The identification of Guangwu tomb seems to have come to an end, and the doubts that have been lingering in people's minds for many years have finally been answered. However, this time, the Yanbei cultural relics investigation team, which was organized by the Ministry of culture with great manpower and material resources, chose to come to Shanxi in 1951 for cultural relics investigation.

What makes them so impatient? We have to start with the Japanese War of aggression against China. In the first ten days of September 1937, the Japanese invaders entered Shanxi from the northern part of Datong. Along the way, they slaughtered Chinese people and burned villages. In many areas of northern Shanxi, they also carried out large-scale slaughtering of villages, creating more than 20 "unmanned villages" in Yanggao County alone. In Datong, they plundered coal resources crazily, harmed more than 60000 Chinese laborers and created countless "mass graves" At the same time, they are also interested in cultural relics, and specially dispatched experts from Japan to carry out large-scale investigation, excavation and wanton plunder of Shanxi Cultural Relics. The Han Tombs did not escape their doom.

Detail speculation

In Yanbei area of Shanxi Province, there are many ancient large tombs, which have not been paid much attention in the past. But after the Japanese invaded China, the Japanese came to Yungang, naivete and Guangwu. After they came, they excavated a number of ancient Han tombs and published several books. At that time, the Japanese scholars responsible for excavating Han tombs were Ono Shengnian and Naguang Minxiong. At that time, they mainly excavated Han Tombs in Tianzhen area. After returning home, they returned home

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