Guide ancient city

Shangqiu ancient city

synonym

Guide ancient city generally refers to Shangqiu ancient city

Located in Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, Shangqiu ancient city is a national historical and cultural city

National key cultural relics protection units

National AAAA scenic spot, National Water Conservancy Scenic spot.

The ancient city of Shangqiu has a history of more than 4000 years

The existing guide city was broken in 1503, which lasted eight years. It was completed in 1511, which has a history of more than 500 years. Under the existing guidefu City, there are six capitals and ancient cities, including guidefu city built in Yuan Dynasty before the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, Nanjing city of yingtianfu in Northern Song Dynasty, song city of Songzhou in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Suiyang city in Qin and Han Dynasties, and song city in Zhou Dynasty. Shangqiu ancient city is the only existing large-scale ancient city site in the world, which integrates Bagua City, Shuicheng city and chengducheng city.

On March 29, 2011, the Grand Canal passed the approval of the State Administration of cultural relics, and the ancient city of Shangqiu entered the preparatory list for applying for world cultural heritage.

In February 2016, the ancient city of Shangqiu was awarded the "international cultural exchange base for overseas Chinese in China".

Historical changes

Ancient times

According to historical records, the ancient city of Shangqiu was known as Dayi in all dynasties. Shang, Qiu, Dayi and Tianyi in oracle bone inscriptions all refer to Shangqiu.

According to historical records, more than 10000 years ago in ancient times, suirenshi founded Suiming kingdom in Shangqiu, invented drilling wood to make fire, which ended the history of human beings drinking blood, created Chinese civilization, and was honored as the first of the three emperors.

In the 24th century BC, the Gaoyang family of Zhuan Xu, one of the five emperors, moved to Shangqiu

Among the five emperors, the capital of Gaoxin was Bo (Shangqiu).

Pre summer period

Later, Emperor he granted his son kuobo (QI) to Shang (now Shangqiu). Despite the ancient legends of the three emperors and five emperors, Shangqiu has a history of 4500 years since it was established as the capital of Kaibo. The civilization created by this city in the past 4500 years is enough to push the whole Chinese civilization forward.

Kaibo is the ancestor of the Shang nationality. In 2400 BC, he invented the calendar based on the time of fire. While he was in charge of fire, he built a fire observatory to observe the stars. Based on this, he determined the natural changes and the quality of the year, which made a contribution to ancient Chinese astronomy. Kuobo did fire correction in his fiefdom "Shang" (today's Shangqiu) and was deeply loved by the people, so people respected him as "God of fire". After his death, he was buried in a fiefdom. Because his title was "Shang", his tomb was also known as "Shangqiu", which is the origin of Shangqiu today. The earliest meaning of the word "Shangqiu" is "the settlement of the sub surname clan (Shang clan) living on the hillock". The word "Shangqiu" also means the capital site of the Shang Dynasty. Shangqiu is the birthplace of Chinese civilization.

Pre Shang period

Wang Hai, the sixth grandson of Kaibo, created commercial civilization and was respected as the ancestor of merchants. Later, Tang miexia, the 13th grandson of Kaibo, established the Shang Dynasty near the ancient city of Shangqiu. Although the capital moved several times, it left the last page of the Shang Dynasty history to the Yin Ruins in Anyang. But the land of Shangqiu undoubtedly carries more entrepreneurial myths of Shang Dynasty.

Zhou Dynasty

The Song Dynasty, one of the Three Kingdoms in the Zhou Dynasty and one of the five rulers in the spring and Autumn period, established the capital of Shangqiu. It played an important role in inheriting and developing the Shang culture, especially the commercial culture. It was the largest commercial center in China at that time. The ancient city of Shangqiu once again got unprecedented prosperity. During this period, what became strong together with the territory was the birth of the Chinese sage culture, which radiated from Shangqiu as the center. In other words, Shangqiu was the deduction and rising place of Chinese ideological civilization. Laozi, Confucius, Mencius and other thinkers often give lectures here. A large number of famous Chinese thinkers, such as Zhuangzi, Mozi, Huizi, Songchuan, Jiran, Yuanxian, Sima Geng, were born here.

In the late Warring States period, the state of Wei set up dasongjun with Shangqiu ancient city as its governing place.

Qin and Han Dynasties

In the Qin Dynasty, the county system was established, and the ancient city of Shangqiu became the political, economic and cultural center of Dang county. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang, the emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, was the governor of Dang County, who revolted with the army and horse of Dang county.

In the Han Dynasty, the ancient city of Shangqiu was once again pushed to the forefront of China. Liu Wu, the grandson of Liu Bang, was granted the title of Liang state, with the capital under the ancient city of Shangqiu. Liu Wu became a "key man" of the Han Empire by virtue of his outstanding military contributions to the imperial court. According to the Hanshu, Liu Wu was "favored by Empress Dowager Dou as his youngest son.". Wang's city is more than 40 years old. He lives in a high place in the world. He is rewarded with a great deal of money. He has more pearls and jade than the capital. It was Liang Xiaowang, who was deeply loved by Empress Dowager Dou and could drive, drink and hunt with the emperor, who left a valuable fortune for Shangqiu with his strong strength.

It seems that in order to show his special status, King Liang Xiaowang built a three hundred Li Liang garden in the Dazhi palace of Suiyang. There are pavilions and pavilions, farewell halls, flowers, birds, insects, fish, rare birds and animals in the garden. The scale and facilities of the garden are comparable to those of the royal garden. But this character is also a very elegant person. He recruited a group of literati. At that time, many famous Ci and Fu Writers, such as Mei Cheng, Zou Yang, Sima Xiangru, all gathered under his door. They wrote Ci and Fu all day long, drank wine and talked about pleasure, and decorated Suiyang city with gorgeous rhetoric and literary style. This gorgeous and dazzling style of writing in Liangyuan came to the Tang Dynasty hundreds of years later, so that Wang Changling, Li Bai, Gao Shi, Du Fu, cen Shen and other poets came to visit Liangyuan and left many excellent works. Li Bai, a poet, left not only a wonderful chapter for Shangqiu, but also a valuable cultural heritage.

Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties

The ancient city of Shangqiu has been known as "the barrier between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River", "a place for military strategists and a place for merchants to gather" since ancient times. Especially in Shangqiu in Sui and Tang Dynasties, the navigation of the Grand Canal to the capital in the west, Jianghuai in the south, and Youyan in the North was very convenient. The water transportation and business travel were scattered in all directions. Grain merchants, salt merchants, tea merchants, and silk merchants all gathered here, which greatly promoted the commercial activities of Shangqiu and made it a famous commercial metropolis at that time. The purpose of digging the Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty was to facilitate the transportation between the north and the South and promote the political and economic exchanges between the north and the south. Shangqiu was an important city in the east at that time. From the national capital to the East and Southeast, Shangqiu was an important traffic road. The ancients commented on Shangqiu and said, "Shangqiu has always been a place where Shangqiu is not used as a waist." In order to shorten the distance, Shangqiu's strategic position is one of the important factors.

Obviously, Shangqiu had become one of the famous metropolises in China at that time. When Du Fu visited the ancient city of Shangqiu, he wrote a poem "reminiscence": "in the past, I traveled in the middle of Song Dynasty, but Liang Xiaowang capital There are 90000 families in the city, and the high pillars shine on the thoroughfare. Travel with the world, the host and guest more fun Li Bai wrote in the song of Liang Yuan: "dancing shadows and singing songs scatter in the green pool, and the water flows eastward to the sea in spare time." The most thrilling memory of Shangqiu ancient city at this stage is that Zhang Xun, a famous general of Tang Dynasty, fought the most fierce battle of Suiyang defense here when the rebellion of an and Shi was numbered. However, it is the painful price of the ancient city. As a result, Shangqiu was very quiet for a while, until song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin made his fortune here. In 1127 ad, Zhao Gou ascended the throne in Nanjing yingtianfu (now Shangqiu ancient city) and established the Southern Song Dynasty.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the 16th year of Hongzhi (1503), Shangqiu people broke the ground near the original site of guidefu to rebuild the ancient city. It took eight years. It was basically completed in the 6th year of Zhengde (1511) of Ming Dynasty, and then it was repaired several times. It was not until the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) that a new city wall was built on a circumference of about 500 meters outside the city wall, that the trinity of the city wall, the city lake and the city wall was formed, and the unique pattern of "ancient copper coins" was formed. The city wall of Shangqiu is 3.6 km in circumference. The brick city covers an area of 1.13 square kilometers, with four gates in the East, West, North and south. The terrain of the city is Turtle shaped, with a total of 93 streets.

From Jiajing of Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, there were two great scholars (prime ministers), five ministers, more than ten ministers, governors, officials, soldiers, and famous scholars in the city. Therefore, there are many official buildings and official houses. Most of the ancient buildings are zouma gatehouse and Siheyuan complex. The original wells and toilets are plum shaped, with reasonable layout. Two water gates are built on both sides of the south gate to discharge water into the moat. The wide moat is rippling with green waves, which encircles the whole city. In the south of the city, the river is wider, more than 500 meters from north to South and more than 1300 meters from east to west. The dike is about 500 meters from the city wall, 9 kilometers in circumference, 20 meters in base width, 13 meters in top width and 3.3 meters in height. For the long-term existence of the ancient city, we have to consider the regular and irregular visits of the Yellow River (according to statistics, in the 3000 years before the founding of new China, there were more than 1500 times of overtopping, overflow, breach and diversion in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, of which in the 16th century, the average time was once in four or five years).

Chinese PinYin : Gui De Gu Cheng