Wuyi Mount

Wuyi Mount

Wuyishan, located at the junction of Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province, is a famous scenic spot and summer resort in China with a total area of 999.75 square kilometers. As a typical Danxia landform, it is one of the first batch of national key scenic spots.

Wuyishan is a famous mountain of three religions. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Wuyi Mountain has been the habitat of the yuliu Zen, leaving many sites of palaces, Taoist temples and nunneries. Wuyishan was also a place where Confucian scholars advocated teaching.

Wuyishan Nature Reserve is the best protected and most species rich ecosystem in the same latitude of the earth, with 2527 plant species and nearly 5000 wild animals.

Wuyishan is a world cultural and natural heritage, a World Biosphere Reserve, a national key cultural relic protection unit (Wuyishan cliff tomb group), a national key scenic spot, a national AAAAA tourist attraction, a National Nature Reserve, a National Water Conservancy Scenic Spot, a national eco-tourism demonstration area, and a national civilized scenic spot demonstration site.

On August 3, 2016, the National Tourism Administration held a press conference to seriously warn Fujian Wuyishan Scenic spot. On July 9, 2017, Jiangxi Qianshan Wuyi Mountain was successfully listed as a world cultural and natural heritage site.

geographical environment

Location context

Wuyishan is located in Qianshan County, Jiangxi Province and Wuyishan City, Fujian Province.

Geology and geomorphology

There are mainly pre Sinian and Sinian metamorphic rock series, Mesozoic volcanic rock, granite and clastic rock in Wuyishan.

In the late Mesozoic, strong volcanic eruption took place in Wuyishan, followed by large-scale granite intrusion. Abundant volcanic institutions have been found in this area, which is a typical structural feature of the Pacific Rim in eastern Asia. The red glutenite in the late Cretaceous is the main body of Danxia landform.

Mesozoic crustal movement laid the basic framework of Wuyishan landform. Jiaoxing is also very obvious to the landform development of Wuyi Mountain. The peaks above 1500m in the West are basically composed of hard tuffaceous lava and rhyolite, while the red sand shale area in the East is often developed with wide valleys and basins. Therefore, the rich geomorphic types of Wuyi Mountain are the result of the comprehensive action of geological structure, water erosion, weathering and erosion, gravity collapse and so on.

climate

Wuyi Mountain has four distinct seasons and is located in the middle subtropical zone. The temperature in Wuyi Mountain is relatively uniform, mild and humid in four seasons. The annual average temperature is about 12 ℃ ~ 13 ℃, and the average temperature in January is about 3 ℃. The extreme minimum temperature can reach - 15 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 23 ℃ ~ 24 ℃. The annual precipitation is more than 2000 mm, which is the area with the most water drop in Fujian Province. The annual relative humidity is as high as 85%, and the fog days are more than 100 days.

Resources

Forest resources

Wuyi Mountain has preserved the most complete, typical and largest primary forest ecosystem in the same latitude zone of the world, with obvious vertical vegetation spectrum: with the increase of altitude, there are evergreen broad-leaved forest belt (350-1400m, mountain red soil), coniferous broad-leaved transition belt (500-1700m, mountain yellow red soil) and temperate coniferous forest belt in turn (1100-1970m, mountain yellow soil), Zhongshan meadow (1700-2158m, mountain yellow red soil), Zhongshan bryophyte dwarf forest belt (1700-1970m, mountain yellow soil) There are five vegetation zones in Zhongshan meadow (1700-2158m, mountain meadow soil), which are distributed with rare plant communities such as Tsuga negundo, Euonymus microphylla, Yushan bamboo in Wuyi, almost including all the original evergreen broad-leaved forest and lithophytic vegetation communities in subtropical China.

Biological resources

In 2007, 3728 species of plants were known in Wuyi Mountain. There are 31 species of 27 genera endemic to China and 3728 species of single genus relict plants such as Ginkgo biloba. There are 31 species of 27 genera endemic to China, and many of them, such as Ginkgo biloba, are relict plants of single genus. As of 2007, 28 rare and endangered species have been listed in the Red Book of Chinese plants, such as Liriodendron chinense, silverbell tree, hemlock chinensis var. mairei, Guangmu, yew, etc. There are 78 species of Orchidaceae belonging to 32 genera in Wuyishan Mountain, among which broad-leaved orchid and multi flowered broad-leaved orchid are new records in China, and Yulan is new records in Fujian Province. There are 14 pteridophytes, such as Wuyishan tiejiao fern, Wuyishan Tiegai fern, Wuyishan earfern, Wuyishan pseudotumor foot, Wuyishan fenbeijiao fern, Wuyishan convex axis fern and so on. The ancient and famous trees in Wuyi Mountain are ancient, large, precious and abundant. For example, the 880 year old ancient osmanthus in Wuyi palace and the 980 year old Taxus chinensis in kengshang are of great value for scientific research and preservation.

There are 5110 known animal species in Wuyi Mountain in 2007, including 71 species of Mammalia, 256 species of ornitha, 40 species of Pisces, 35 species of Amphibia, 73 species of Reptilia, and 4635 species of insects (including more than 700 new species and 20 new records in China). Wuyishan is famous for its numerous amphibians, reptiles and reptiles. Biologists at home and abroad call Wuyishan "the key to the study of amphibians and reptiles", "paradise of birds", "Kingdom of snakes" and "insect world". By 2011, 46 species of animals have been listed in cites, and 11 species, including black muntjac, golden jackal and yellow bellied Tragopan, have been listed in the first level protection. There are 97 species under the protection of Sino Japanese and Sino Australian migratory bird protection agreements. There are 49 species of wild animals endemic to China, among which the chubby toad (horned monster), the ground lizard (lizard), the serpent (serpent) and the Brucea Javanica are more endemic to Wuyi Mountain.

germplasm resource

The rich germplasm resources of Wuyi Mountain have long been concerned by scientists and research institutions at home and abroad. In the 19th century, scholars from Britain, France, the United States, Austria and other countries entered Wuyi Mountain to collect specimens. Nearly 1000 species of wild animals and plants have been found or collected in Wuyi Mountain, including 57 species of plant type, 779 species of insect type and 56 species of vertebrate type. Up to now, a large number of type specimens are still preserved in famous museums in London, New York, Berlin and Hawaii.

Scenic spot landscape

cultural heritage

From the historical and scientific point of view, Wuyishan has outstanding and universal value, which can not only provide a unique witness for the ancient civilization and cultural tradition that has disappeared, but also has a direct and substantial connection with the ideological civilization of Neo Confucianism, which conforms to the third and fifth standards of world cultural heritage. Nature has endowed Wuyi Mountain with a unique and superior natural environment, which has attracted the elite, literati and generals of all ages to visit, live in seclusion, write or teach in the mountains. Natural landscape edify people's temperament, inspire people's wisdom, spread human activities, develop Wuyi Mountain, add luster to the natural landscape. The wisdom of the ancestors and the stop of the literati left numerous cultural relics on both sides of the Jiuqu River: there are 18 immortal coffins on the high cliff wall for thousands of years; there are 35 academic sites of great scholars such as Zhu Xi, you Yao, Xiong he and CAI Yuanding; there are more than 450 cliff stone carvings in the past dynasties, which can be called the treasure house of ancient Chinese calligraphy art, among which the ancient officials and villagers have forbidden to protect Wuyi Mountains, rivers, animals and plants There are 13 orders, more than 60 temples and sites with monks and Taoists.

Ancient Min Culture

Jiagou boat coffin, more than 3750 years ago, is the earliest hanging coffin site found at home and abroad; Wuyishan has rich historical and cultural relics. As early as more than 4000 years ago, some ancestors worked and lived here, gradually forming the unique "ancient Min" culture and the subsequent "Minyue" culture, which has lasted for more than 2000 years and left many cultural relics. The cultural features of this period are mainly reflected in "Jiagou boat coffin", "hongqiaoban" and the Minyue King City site of Han Dynasty, which covers an area of 480000 square meters.

Jiagou boat coffin and hongqiaoban in the cliff cave in the east of Wuyishan Mountain are the funeral remains of ancient ancestors, more than 3000 years ago. The remnant of cotton cloth in the coffin is the earliest cotton fabric found in China. Wuyi Jiahe boat coffin is the oldest hanging coffin found in China. Therefore, Wuyishan is regarded by archaeologists as the birthplace of the hanging coffin burial custom. In fact, it is a very precious material for the study of the pre Qin history and the disappearing ancient min culture.

Ancient Seoul site

Wuyishan Han City site is a "modern" city more than 2200 years ago. In December 1999, it was listed in the world cultural heritage list, and it is also the only Han Dynasty King City site listed in the "World Heritage" list in China. Covering an area of 480000 square meters, the site of Seoul is of great historical, cultural and research value. It is the most complete preserved ancient city site of Han Dynasty south of the Yangtze River in China. It is unique in site selection, architectural techniques and style. It is a typical representative of ancient southern cities in China and occupies an important position in the history of Chinese and world architecture. A large number of precious cultural relics have been excavated, such as daily-use pottery, ceramic building materials, character tiles, iron and bronze, which represent the advanced productive forces at that time, reflect the highest level of Chinese civilization, and provide important material materials for the study of the rise and fall of Minyue nationality in Han Dynasty and the economic and cultural development history of Jiangnan. On December 20, 2013, Wuyishan Seoul site was listed in the National Archaeological Site Park.

Taoist cave

It is said that Taoism has thirty-six caves and seventy-two blessed places, all of which are places where immortals live and enjoy themselves. The world thinks that there are many auspicious things in the sky

Chinese PinYin : Wu Yi Shan