Guanghua Temple

Guanghua temple in Nanshan

synonym

Guanghua Temple (Guanghua temple, Putian City, Fujian Province)

Nanshan Guanghua temple, also known as Putian Guanghua temple, is located at the foot of Fenghuang mountain, three kilometers south of Putian City, Fujian Province. In 1983, Guanghua temple in Putian was designated by the State Council as the national key Buddhist temple in the Han nationality area. In 1990, Guanghua temple in Putian was listed as the top of three national model temples by China Buddhist Association.

Guanghua temple in Nanshan was founded in 558, the second year of Chen Yongding in the Southern Dynasty. It was originally the lecture place of three brothers of Zheng Lu, a famous local scholar (known as "Mr. Nanhu San"), and later presented it to Zen master Jinxian (founder of the mountain), named Jinxian temple. In the ninth year of kaihuang (589) of Sui Dynasty, it was renamed Jinxian temple after the fundraising and construction of Wuji Zen master from Tiantai Mountain.

Guanghua temple is a famous ancient temple with a history of one thousand years. Together with Gushan Temple in Fuzhou, Nanputuo temple in Xiamen and Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, Guanghua temple is known as the four largest jungles in Fujian.

In 1983, Nanshan Guanghua temple was designated by the State Council as a national key Buddhist temple in the Han nationality area.

Historical evolution

historical background

In the middle of the 6th century, China belonged to two separate empires. Zheng Lu's three brothers came to Nanshan from Yongtai and built a house by the lake at the foot of the mountain to guard the tomb of Zheng Jiazu. Zheng Lu's three brothers were originally Confucian scholars, so it was their duty to recite poetry and read books. The sound of "Mr. Nanhu three" broke through the ancient silent sky and ended the wild age of Puyang. The sound of Nanshan calligraphy not only ended an era, but also created another era, which was the glorious era of "ten rooms and nine books hall, Longmen half the world" that belonged to Putian people.

One night in the autumn of 558, the bright moon and the sea and the sky were in the same color, and the pines and the tides were symphonic. Zheng Lu had a strange dream in the Hushan library. He dreamt of the God Man - the golden immortal of the West. Jin Xian, who is more than Zhang tall, has crane hair and hemp clothes. He is compassionate. He implores him to give up the Shutang as a Buddhist temple in order to measure all living beings. After waking up from his dream, Zheng Lu fulfilled his promise and offered the Shutang as the golden fairy house, which changed the place where Confucianism preached and became the door for the Buddhism.

Built in the Southern Dynasties

Guanghua temple in Nanshan was founded in 558, the second year of Chen Yongding in the Southern Dynasty. Its founder was Zen master Jinxian, so it was initially called "Jinxian Temple".

The Confucianism and Buddhism cultures in Nanshan were just a trickle in the Nan Chen era. After 500 years of breeding and accumulation, they finally became a prairie fire and merged into a torrent of rivers and seas. It was an era of "water around Hugong mountain, it's beautiful at this time". It was an era in which Zhu Xi, a great master of humanities, was amazed and puzzled. It was also an era in which later scholars yearned for the same dream.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

Renamed Jinxian

In the ninth year of kaihuang (589) of the Sui Dynasty, Wuji Zen master from Tiantai Mountain raised money to expand the temple and renamed it "Jinxian Temple".

 

Give a name to Lingyan

In the second year of Tang Jingyun (711), Zhiyan, the abbot of the temple, was invited to the palace by Li Danzhao, the emperor of Ruizong, to explain the four division law. He was greatly praised and was given the title of "smart Zen master". Zen master Zhiyan then played the inspiration of the endless Zen master of Tiantai Sect in Sui Dynasty when he recited the Lotus Sutra and the miraculous thing that the temple gushed out a clear spring. Li Dan was very happy and gave the title of "Lingyan Temple", and ordered calligrapher Liu Gongquan to write a plaque and hang it on the temple gate. So far, Lingyan temple is famous and known as a great jungle in central Fujian.

Vigorous development

At this time, it is the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and Lingyan temple has been built for more than 300 years.

During this period, Buddhism in Putian, centering on Lingyan temple, developed vigorously. There were Wansui tower, Yujian temple, Huayan Temple, Jingshan temple, Baichong temple, Guiyang inspiration temple and other important temples in Putian County, and a large number of eminent monks gathered. There were Qingxuan, Shenjiao, xingbiao, Wuyou, Tan Kong, Miaoying, Huizhong, etc. Lingyan temple in Nanshan has such virtues as Xuanwu, xuanzhun, Huiquan, Shengwen, Lingchang and wuliao.

Wu Le is the first Zen master who went out from Lingyan temple to establish his ancestors. He became a monk in baichongyuan of Hugong mountain at the age of 7. At the age of 18, he shaved his hair and went to Lingyan temple to receive a full commandment. Later, he studied law with Qingxuan lawyer of Yujian temple. Soon after, no one went out to Fujian and Sichuan to visit Mazu Daoyi in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, to study the gist of Zen Buddhism, and to gain Mazu's mental skills. He was the third disciple of the sixth ancestor Huineng. After the death of Mazu, there was no new system of Zen Buddhism - "Baizhang Qinggui", which followed his elder martial brother Baizhang Huaihai and learned from Baizhang mountain in Fengxin, Jiangxi Province, and was practiced by Zen monks in peace and quiet. Soon after, no one returned to Fujian to stay in Lingyan temple.

Inscribed plaque in the temple

Later, Lin Zao and the other three joined hands in Beijing to take the exam, and they all gained fame. In the fourth year of Zhenyuan (788), Lin Yunming became the first Jinshi in Quanzhou. In the seventh year of Zhenyuan, Lin Zao became the second Jinshi in Quanzhou. But Lin Yun worked in the local government for a long time, Ouyang Zhan died early, and Lin Zao was a capital official for a long time before he was released to the local government. He moved to the palace to serve the censor. Therefore, only Lin Zao is most likely to ask Liu Gongquan to inscribe a plaque for Lingyan temple.

The author tries to explore the hidden, but hopes that the merits of the sages will not be obliterated by history. Of course, this conjecture is only a possibility. It may praise Lin Zao, or aggrieve some sage or great virtue who really asked for Liu Gongquan's plaque for Lingyan temple. However, it is not selfishness, but limited reading.

During the Dali period, the sound of reading from Lin Zao and others in Lingyan jingshe was not only a response to Hushan academy more than 200 years ago, but also a call to future generations. This is the continuation of Puyang culture. Another century later, Huang Tao, his younger brother Huang Kai, and his fellow countrymen Ouyang Jie and Chen Wei came to Lingyan temple to build "Dongfeng academy" in pursuit of the sound of these books. In the sound of morning bell and evening drum, they wrote a sequel of self-cultivation, family governance and world peace.

Prosperous period

Under the advocacy of Lingchang, wuliao and other Famen dragon elephants, Lingyan Temple flourished and became famous in central Fujian.

In the second year of Tang Changqing (822), Wu Li, a Buddhist monk over 50 years old, left Lingyan Temple alone with a hoe weighing 18 Jin. He went deep into the depths of the white clouds and opened up a Buddhist temple. He met LiuMou God turtle in Sanzi mountain to offer the mountain and create Guiyang nunnery. With the efforts of wuliao and Huizhong, Guiyang temple built nine "Guiyang Fuqing Temple", which became the second Zen temple in central Fujian after Huangbo temple in Fuqing. At its peak, there were more than 1000 monks.

Decline period

The fifth year of Huichang (845) ordered the monks and nuns to return to the secular life. The spirits of the monks were open and no longer hidden among the people. Li Chen, the founder of Xuanzong, succeeded to the throne and revived the temple.

In the sixth year of Xiantong (865), the temple was destroyed by the hurricane. The abbot niemuyuan restored and built the mountain gate. In 905 of the second year of Tiandiao, the governor Wang Shenzhi sent 5000 volumes of scriptures to the temple and ordered Huang Tao, the censor and famous scholar, to write the inscription of Lingyan temple in Pushan to record its prosperity.

In 867 ad, without a Zen master, he passed away in Guishan. He lived 98 years old and lived in Fala for 80 years. After the death of Zen master, the Dharma Dharma is not bad for thousands of years. Huang Tao is known as the "master of real body", and the posthumous title of Tang Fu Zong is "master of real death". No Chan Master is one of the three well preserved Bodhisattvas in Tang Dynasty. The first is Huineng, the sixth patriarch, who died in 713 A.D., the second is Jin qiaojue, king of Tibet in Jiuhua Mountain, who died in 794 A.D., and the third is no Chan Master. Because of the absence of Zen master, Lingyan temple and Guishan temple, two famous temples in central Fujian, have been linked for thousands of years. During the cultural revolution, the statues without Zen master were destroyed by the red guards, and the remains were saved by Zeng Shouji and other residents. After the reform and opening up, Zeng Shouji went to Guanghua temple in Nanshan and became a monk.

Song Dynasty expansion

In the Song Dynasty, Fenghuangshan Buddhist temple flourished. Under the protection of local officials, two temples, ten temples and one hundred and twenty nunneries were built. There were more than 1000 monks and nuns living there. In the first year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the country (976), Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty granted Guanghua temple and renovated the temple, making it "the eaves and Ying rub each other, and the porch layer out".

In 979 ad, the Song Dynasty set up the local government "Xinghua army" in Putian, so there is a saying among the people that "before Xinghua came out, Guanghua came first". The Zen master of Yunmen sect once came to the temple to stay in tin.

Cultural heritage

In the Song Dynasty, there were only 170000 soldiers in Xinghua, less than one fifth of the neighboring Fuzhou or Quanzhou. However, it was this tiny country that produced countless famous officials, filial friends, loyal people, and even masters of Neo Confucianism, history and poetry. According to the records of Putian City, there are 1678 scholars of Xinghua in the Song Dynasty who were granted the title of "Jinshi" by the imperial court. Behind this "half world of Longmen", there is fertile soil of "ten rooms and nine libraries". In the Southern Song Dynasty, more than 6000 people took part in the examination in each branch of the Xinghua army. The military academy couldn't accommodate them. It borrowed Guanghua temple as an examination room for 12 branches in a row, until the Gongyuan, which could accommodate 10000 people, was completed.

The Confucianism and Buddhism cultures in Nanshan were just a trickle in the Nan Chen era. After 500 years of breeding and accumulation, they finally formed a confluence

Chinese PinYin : Guang Hua Si