Tengchong Volcanoes

Tengchong Volcanoes

Tengchong Volcanic Group is located in Tengchong County on the west side of Gaoligong Mountain in the southern part of Hengduan Mountain system. It is famous for its complete types, large scale, concentrated distribution and complete preservation. It has the reputation of "natural volcano Geological Museum".

It is a typical quaternary volcano and one of the most famous volcanic concentration areas in China. There are 97 dormant volcanoes in Tengchong, of which 23 are well preserved. Tengchong County is located on the lava flowing from laifengshan volcano. Nearby Mazhan village, more than 10 kilometers northwest of the county, the volcanoes are concentrated. Heikongshan and dakongshan volcanoes are arranged in a straight line from north to south. They are national scenic spots.

On August 3, 2016, Tengchong huoshanrehai tourist area in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province was approved as a 5A scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

Brief introduction to volcanoes

Tengchong Volcanic Group is a class a tourist attraction in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province. It is located in the west of gaofenggong mountain, two sections of Hengduan Mountain System in Yunnan Province. It is mainly distributed in Heshun and Mazhan. It is the most typical quaternary volcano in Southwest China.

Because it is located at the edge of Eurasian plate, active crustal movement and frequent earthquakes.

When a violent earthquake occurs, landslides and water gush, and karst ejects from the surface. When the earthquake stops and karst cools, volcanoes with unique shapes are formed.

Known as the "natural geological museum", Tengchong County, Yunnan Province is located on the junction line of the Indian plate and Eurasian plate in the world-famous Alps Himalayan tectonic belt. With well-developed underground faults and intense magmatic activity, Tengchong County is one of the most famous volcanic concentrated areas in China.

There are more than 40 volcanoes distributed in the territory, which constitute a huge volcanic landscape.

As the saying goes, "a good Tengyue state has nine headless mountains." Nine times out of ten, this headless mountain is a volcano.

In the area of more than 100 square kilometers around the county seat, there are more than 70 volcanoes large and small, which are shaped like inverted iron pots.

Some volcanoes were still erupting more than 300 years ago. Tengchong County is located on the lava flowing from the laifengshan volcano.

Daying mountain, 10 kilometers to the north of the city, is the "crown of volcanoes", with an altitude of 2614 meters and a relative height of more than 640 meters. The crater is 3o0 meters in diameter and more than 100 meters deep. In the vicinity of Mazhan village, more than 10 kilometers northwest of the county seat, the heikongshan and dakongshan volcanic groups are arranged in a straight line from north to south, with a spacing of about 1000 meters.

There is a volcano park, which is a national scenic spot. In the vicinity of the crater, visitors can also pick up volcanic rocks of gray, red, black and other colors for commemoration. The proportion of this kind of volcanic rock is very light, so it is called "pumice".

A person can gently lift a large piece and throw it into the water without sinking. The so-called natural law of "stone sinking into the sea" is not effective here. The area near the Volcanic Group is also a geothermal enrichment area, with more than 90 springs. Winter from high altitude overlooking, hot air, white fog, known as "hot sea".

Geological survey

Tengchong Volcanic Group is one of the famous Cenozoic volcanic groups in China.

According to K-Ar isotopic dating, the first period is 2.93 Ma, the second period is 0.81 Ma, the third period is 0.31 Ma, and the fourth period is 0.13 ma.

The Volcanic Group is a typical calc alkaline basalt andesite dacite arc volcanic rock association.

It erupted in the late Pliocene to late Pleistocene, but during this period Tengchong area was already a continental intraplate environment_ It is related to the subduction of the Nujiang oceanic crust.

Therefore, the Tengchong arc volcanic rocks formed at least 60 Ma after the subduction stopped, and belong to a new type of volcanism, i.e. post collision arc volcano or lag arc volcano.

The formation of volcanoes

Cause of formation

According to experts' research, among the Tengchong volcanoes, the earliest one in history is Laifeng mountain, which erupted 900000 years ago. Tengchong County is built on the rolling lava that erupted and cooled and solidified when the fire became powerful.

The most beautiful shape of the volcano is Shunjiang "sister Lake", which is a pair of "eyebrows" formed by adjacent craters. It looks like twin "sisters". The round shoreline of the lake is surrounded by black volcanic lava, volcanic cones, volcanic snakes, volcanic bombs, volcanic pumice and other volcanic eruptions.

The blue water is sparkling and unfathomable. The sky light, cloud shadow, green trees and green hills, birds and flowers are reflected in it. It is picturesque and beautiful.

The tallest and youngest volcano is dayingshan, which is 2614 meters high and erupted more than 380 years ago.

In 1639, Xu Xiake, a great traveler, once toured the mountain and learned from the local population: "thirty years ago, there were big trees and huge bamboos on it. There were four Dragon pools in it. The depth of the four Dragon pools could not be measured. When the sound of the foot came, the waves rose, and no one dared to approach it.

After that, there were shepherds. Five or six hundred sheep and a few shepherds were killed by a thunder. The fire broke out day and night, and the trees were deep and there was no one left.

In order to prove the truth, he also made a careful field investigation and found that: "the stone on the top of the mountain is red in color and light in quality. It looks like a beehive. It is formed by floating foam. Although it is large enough to be hugged, and the two fingers can be carried, its quality is still strong, and it is still a real disaster." From the full and accurate text, we can easily imagine the ferocity of the mountain with flowers and leaves in front of us when it erupted

Latest findings

Before 1990s, people always thought that Tengchong volcano group was "Cenozoic dead volcano group". In May 1993, Xinhua news agency released an amazing news: Chinese scientists have made important discoveries in studying volcanoes with gas geochemistry. The Tengchong volcano group in Yunnan, which has been extinguished for more than 380 years, is not an extinct volcano, but an active volcano in a dormant state! As soon as this new definition was spread, it added a touch of new majesty and mystery to the Tengchong volcano group, which was already dignified and mysterious enough. As a result, people felt awe and excitement when they visited the mountains. Therefore, Dakong mountain, Xiaokong mountain and heikong mountain, which are easy to see the original landform of the volcano, have become the first choice for many tourists. The three "empty" volcanoes all stand in Mazhan Township, more than 10 kilometers west of Tengchong County. From a distance, they look like three inverted giant bowls. The mountains are about five or six hundred meters apart. They are lined up from the north to the south, and are far away from Daying mountain in the southwest. Heikong mountain is located in the north, with a relative height of about 200 meters. On the mountain, there are dense pine forests and dark green vitality. On the East and west sides, there is a dark stone belt stretching for miles - the cooled, solidified lava from the ground. In contrast, the Dakong mountain in the middle is desolate. It is slightly lower than heikong mountain and has no tall trees, but its vision is very broad. All around it are the torrent like lava stagnant rock shoals formed after the eruption of that year. It is desolate and desolate, with withered grass on it, which is a little strange. Xiaokong mountain is only 50 meters high, but the crater is surprisingly large, with a diameter of more than 150 meters and a depth of 70 meters. The round cone is empty, seemingly nothing, but full of the infinite mysteries of nature.

traffic

Tengchong will build a regional international tourism hub.

Tengchong is located in the center of Northwest Yunnan tourism area, West Yunnan tourism area and North Myanmar tourism area. It is an important node of Western Yunnan border tourism. Taking advantage of the construction opportunity of "International Corridor", Tengchong has accelerated the construction progress of transportation infrastructure and improved the accessibility of tourism.

aviation

Time: about 50 minutes starting point: Kunming Changshui International Airport ending point: Tengchong hump Airport

Ticket price: 1070 yuan economy class 1870 first class

Remarks: 1. After the opening of the route from Kunming to hump airport, the air tickets continued to be in short supply, with high discount and small discount range;

2. Tengchong hump airport has been opened to Xishuangbanna, Lijiang, Chengdu, Chongqing, Beijing and other cities, and will open to Shanghai, Xi'an, Guangzhou, Wuhan and other regional central cities in the future.

3. Tengchong hump airport is applying for the national port airport, and the routes from Tengchong to Southeast Asian countries will be opened by then.

highway

In 2005, the two level highway from Tengchong to Burma was opened to traffic. In 2007, the two grade highway between Tengchong and Burma was opened to traffic. Approved by the National Tourism Administration, in March 2008, Tengchong opened cross-border tourist routes to Myitkyina, Burma.

Time consuming: about 10 hours starting point: West Kunming bus station ending point: Tengchong tourist station

Ticket price: 230-270 yuan

Note: 1. The ticket price of sleeper bus is 230 yuan (starting that night and arriving the next morning);

2. Kunming to Tengchong class can take sleeper or luxury bus, luxury bus fare is slightly expensive.

Railway

At present, there is no railway passing through Tengchong. Dali Baoshan Tengchong railway has been included in the national 12th Five Year Plan.

Travel Tips

Best travel time

Kunming has neither cold winter nor hot summer. It is known as "Spring City" and belongs to temperate plateau humid monsoon climate. The annual average temperature in the urban area is about 15 ℃, and the hottest monthly average temperature is less than 1

Chinese PinYin : Teng Chong Huo Shan Qun