people 's commune

people 's commune

The movement of rural people's communization is an important decision made by our party to explore the road of China's socialist construction in the late 1950s.

The idea of establishing a "big society" in China's rural areas has sprouted in the climax of the agricultural cooperative movement. In 1956, it completed the high-level cooperation, with an average of about 200 households per society. In the winter of 1957 and the spring of 1958, the construction of irrigation and water conservancy reached its climax, with the appearance of the United team and the associated press. Taking into account the development needs of agricultural production and construction characterized by large-scale construction of water conservancy at that time, Mao Zedong felt that it was necessary to set up large-scale cooperatives. In March 1958, the Chengdu meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the "opinions on appropriately merging small agricultural cooperatives into large cooperatives". The opinion points out: "in order to meet the needs of agricultural production and cultural revolution, it is necessary to merge small agricultural cooperatives into large cooperatives in a planned way where conditions permit." After the meeting, small communes and large communes began to work in rural areas, with "Communist communes" and "collective farms" appearing in some places, and "people's communes" appearing in some places. In the article "new society, new people" published in the third issue of red flag magazine on July 1, 1958, it is clearly put forward that "a cooperative should be transformed into a grass-roots organization unit with both agricultural cooperation and industrial cooperation, which is actually a people's commune combining agriculture and industry". This is the first time that the name of "people's commune" has been mentioned in the press. On August 6, when Mao Zedong inspected the qiliying people's commune in Xinxiang, Henan Province, he said that the name of the people's commune was good. On the 9th, when talking with Shandong leaders, he said: "it's better to run people's communes..." It also points out that the commune is characterized by one large and two public. After the talk was published in the newspapers, there was an upsurge of establishing people's communes. In August, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Beidaihe, which passed the resolution of the CPC Central Committee on the establishment of people's communes in rural areas. After the "resolution" was issued, the upsurge of the people's communization movement was rapidly formed throughout the country. By the end of October, more than 740000 agricultural production cooperatives in China had been reorganized into more than 26000 people's communes. 120 million farmers participated in the communes, accounting for more than 99% of the total farmers in China. The rural areas in China had basically realized people's communization.

In the later period of the co-operative movement, there was a problem of being too quick and too fierce, so the people's commune movement was also eager to make a transition to communism, and the "Communist wind" of "one flat, two tunes and three collections" was blowing up.

After the working conference of the CPC Central Committee (the first Zhengzhou Conference) in November 1958, Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee began to gradually correct the mistakes in the people's communization movement. In 1961, Mao Zedong presided over the formulation of the "Regulations on the work of rural people's communes (Draft)", which further clarified the implementation of the system of three-level ownership and team based in the people's communes at the present stage. To a certain extent, it played a positive role in overcoming the "left" mistakes in rural work, mobilizing the enthusiasm of the majority of farmers, and promoting the recovery and development of agriculture.

The system of the people's commune's integration of government and society is actually a form of grass-roots political power which highly unifies the state's administrative power and social power on the basis of social integration.

In August 1958, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee passed the decision of the CPC Central Committee on the establishment of people's communes in rural areas, which carried out the movement of people's communization, removed townships, merged towns into large communes, exercised the functions and powers of township political power with the people's communes integrating government and society, and renamed agricultural production cooperatives as production brigade. The people's commune administers the production brigade and establishes a management committee for the brigade, which consists of a leader, a deputy leader, a secretary (some of whom are concurrently held by accountants), a keeper, a cashier, a militia leader, a security director and a director of the women's Congress. The commune cadres are state cadres, and the brigade cadres are usually villagers who are out of work or not. The production team is under the jurisdiction of the brigade, and a team affairs committee is set up to elect the team leader, deputy team leader, female deputy team leader, accountant (part-time recorder) and keeper.

Address: Baiquan Township, Kaixian County, Chongqing

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Chinese PinYin : Ren Min Gong She