Yulin ancient city

Yulin ancient city is also known as Tuocheng and Yuyang town. The ancient city is located in the core of Yulin city. The ancient city in history is in a desert of yellow sand. In the Ming Dynasty, it was the residence of Yansui Town, one of the nine important towns. The best description of the ancient Yulin city is "the ancient city in the North Tower, the south tower, and the famous city on the sixth floor". Now Yulin City seems to be a modern city, now only part of the ancient city walls are preserved. The pedestrian street and six attics (Drum Tower, Kaige tower, bell tower, Xingming tower, Wanfo tower and Wenchang Pavilion) that once ran through the ancient city were rebuilt according to the original conditions. Despite the heavy sense of history, you can still feel the strong style of the ancient city when you go upstairs to overlook or walk on the pedestrian street.

Yulin ancient city

Yulin ancient city is located in Yulin, a famous historical and cultural city in Shaanxi Province. It is one of the ten most potential ancient cities in China in 2008, with Tuoshan in the East, Yuyang River in the south, Yuxi in the West and Hongshan in the north. During the Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, Yu Zijun, governor of Yansui Town, moved the town office from Suide to yulinwei and built it many times.

There are three famous ones: the first is the 22nd year of Chenghua (1486), the second is the 5th year of Hongzhi, and the third is the 10th year of Zhengde (1515). This is the local history of the spread of "three Tuo Yuyang.". After this renovation, Yulin city is becoming more and more solid and magnificent. The city has gone through more than 600 years of vicissitudes. Although it has been repeatedly attacked by war and repeatedly eroded by wind and rain, most of it is in good condition, and it is a bright pearl. In order to reappear the style of Yulin, a famous historical and cultural city, it is necessary to study the ancient city wall.

In ancient times, Yulin was not only an important military area, but also a center of frontier trade and a place of cultural exchange between Han nationality and northwest ethnic minorities. There are many places of interest nearby.

In history, Yulin was the strategic security barrier of Beijing, the capital of China. Yulin was the only city whose city wall height could exceed that of Beijing determined by the emperor. Yulin and Beijing are an ecological security community sharing weal and woe.

The city of Yulin is surrounded by mountains and rivers. The buildings are facing each other on the street, and the government offices are connected. The emperor's Palace (Kaige tower, at that time called "Taiyi Palace") is exquisitely built. It has a great imperial atmosphere. When Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty was stationed in Yulin, he happily said to his entourage, "Yulin is really a small Beijing!"

The origin of the ancient city

Yulin is located in the border area of Loess Plateau and grassland in the south of Hetao. It is the best choice for the farming people to build fortifications against the invasion of Mongolian shochou nomadic tribes. Yulin is located in the middle of Changle fort and Baoning fort. It is a majestic town with mountains on the left and rivers on the right. The city is adjacent to Tuofeng mountain in the East, Yuxi River in the west, Yuyang water in the South and hongshixia in the north. Therefore, it was listed as one of the nine important towns in Ming Dynasty Yansui town. According to Yan Sui Zhen Zhi and Yulin Fu Zhi, Yulin village was built in 1369. In 1437, the Ming Dynasty ordered Wang Zhen, the governor of Yansui town in Suide, to build Yulin castle in Qianlin Village (now Puhui spring). In 1432, Yu Zijun, governor of Yansui Town, built a city wall in the north of the city (now guanjingtan). In 1473, he moved the administration of Yansui town from Yansui to Yulin castle, so Yansui town is also called Yulin town.

Evolution of the ancient city

Due to the needs of military and economic development, Yulin City has carried out three large-scale maintenance and expansion. For the first time, in 1486, Huang Xian, governor of Chenghua of Ming Dynasty, built the outline of the city to the north. The second time, in 1492, Xiong xiuzhan, the governor of Hongzhi, built the south city to kaigelou (formerly named huaidemen, which was changed by Yao Mo, the governor of Zhengde at the end of Zhengde), commonly known as Zhongcheng. The third time, in 1515, Deng Zhang, the commander-in-chief of Zhengde, built the outer city of Nanguan and pushed it to the edge of Yuyang River, commonly known as Nancheng. This is the so-called "three expansion of Yuyang" in history. From the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) to the 10th year of Wanli (1582), the officials stationed in Yulin built the city wall of Yulin repeatedly. In addition to heightening and thickening, they also completed the green brick wrapping of the whole city wall. In 1602, there were two east city gates in Yulin city wall, namely Weining gate and Zhenwu gate; one south city gate, namely Zhenyuan gate; four West City gates, namely Guangyu gate, Xuanwu Gate, Longde gate and Xinle gate; there was no city gate in the north city wall; in the middle of the city wall, there were Zhenbei tower, plus the gate towers, the four corner towers of the city wall, the xundiu tower and Guanyuan tower in the east city wall, and there were 14 city towers on the whole city wall The city has a perimeter of 5354 steps. The east gate and the south gate are equipped with urn city and Qianjin gate, forming a complete defense system with the city wall.

In the Qing Dynasty, the city wall of Yulin was built many times. In 1863, part of the city wall of the north city was buried by quicksand. During the rebellion of the Hui people in Guanzhong and other places, Daoxian Changhan ordered to abandon the North City and built the north city wall 438 feet long in the East and west of guangyumen. Later, in 1867, 1875, 1884 and 1894, the city walls of Yulin were repaired and reinforced on a large scale for four times. Until the Republic of China, the city walls of Yulin were well preserved, with an area of 2.1 square kilometers. In 1938 and 1939, the famous Chinese writer Lao She came to Yu and wrote: "the city is flat, the street is wide", "the city wall is strong" and "it has the situation of Peiping". But later, most of the city buildings collapsed because of the military capital. On the eve of liberation, Xuanwei gate (commonly known as daximen) was still well preserved. Today, the remains of Kuixing tower in the southeast corner of the city are still there.

Construction of city wall

After the founding of new China and in the early 1970s, Yulin ancient city wall was well preserved. At that time, the east city wall was 2293 meters long, the west city wall was 2184 meters long, the south city wall was 1059.5 meters long, the north city wall was 1125 meters long, and the perimeter of the city wall was 6761.5 meters long.

According to relevant information, Yulin city wall is "three Zhang wide at the top, five Zhang wide at the bottom and three Zhang and six feet high", and its height is three Zhang and six feet, about 12 meters. According to reports, the Ming Dynasty wall in Beijing is 11.6 meters high. Yulin is the first of the nine important towns. For military needs, the height of the city wall has exceeded that of Beijing. More than 1700 brick crenels were built on the city wall. It is said that there are 72 Luocheng crenels, where guns are placed.

The terrain of Yulin city is high in the East and low in the west, with the northeast corner protruding outward. The walls are rammed with loess and covered with green bricks. The city is three to six feet high, the base is five feet wide and the top is three feet wide. There are five gates in the city: Guangyu gate in the north, Zhenwu gate in the East, Xuanwei gate in the west, zhandong gate in the West and Zhenyuan gate in the south. On the top of each gate, there are two high gates, but today, except for the south gate, other gates and all the gates are destroyed. At present, there are brick arched city gates and urn cities in the South and East and West, and the south gate and urn city are occupied by Zhenyuan hotel. On the east mountain of Yuzhen bridge in the south of the city, there is a 13 storey brick tower built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, named Lingxiao tower.

military

The 28th chapter of the 294th biography in the history of the Ming Dynasty records Yulin as the most powerful town in the world, with the best soldiers and the most generals. However, the land is the most barren, the pay is the least, and the scholars are often not satisfied. However, he was loyal to justice. His ambition was frustrated, and none of them bowed to the court of thieves. His loyalty was the highest in the world. After hearing about it, the emperor mourned and gave a big compliment. The country died, but it didn't work.

Yulin City, as an important military town, has experienced many wars. The larger one is the campaign of Li Zicheng's peasant uprising in 1643. Li Guo and Liu Fangliang led 100000 troops to attack Yulin. This campaign is the second time that Li Zicheng's peasant uprising army attacked Yulin. The first time was in the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636 AD), Li Zicheng personally led the army to attack Yulin city. Because Hong Chengchou, the then governor of the three sides, had been on guard for a long time, and the heavy rain happened to pour down for days, which brought a lot of difficulties to the military action of the peasant uprising army. Therefore, the uprising army withdrew without conquering Yulin. Before Li Guo and Liu Fangliang led the army to the city, the Yulin general first led the elite troops to abandon the city and flee. However, there were six military generals in Yulin city. They served as the general of the customs, Xuanfu and Ningxia respectively. They gathered them together and decided to fight a bloody battle with the rebel army. On December 21, the rebel army came down to the city and fought fiercely with the garrison. It was not until December 27 that the rebel army attacked the city from the southeast.

Two guards in a lonely city

In the 16th year of Chongzhen, Yulin elite soldiers were transferred away, "Yulin is empty", and Yulin city was surrounded by Li Zicheng's army, but Yulin resolutely resisted, persisted for 12 days, no one surrendered, and finally fell, and the whole city died for the country. "The history of Ming Dynasty" records: "its loyalists are the best in the world.".

In the 14th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1675 AD), Zhou Shimin's rebels besieged Yulin city. Yulin soldiers and people rose up to resist and held the city for three months, forcing the enemy to retreat.

After hearing the newspaper, Emperor Kangxi happily wrote on May 14 of that year that "two garrisons of the isolated city, loyal and brave for a thousand years" to give Yulin as a reward for the two garrison feats of the army and the people in Yulin.

Yulin campaign

The first Yulin campaign

In July 1947, more than 15000 people were stationed in Yulin County and its surrounding areas, including the headquarters of the Shanxi Shaanxi Suiyuan border region, the main force of the 22nd army, and the 28th brigade of the 36th division under the Xi'an "Suiyuan" office. In order to mobilize the troops of Xi'an "appeasement" office to move northward and assist the first Department of the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan field army of the people's Liberation Army to advance into western Henan, Peng Dehuai, commander and political commissar of the Northwest Field Army, in accordance with the unified strategic deployment of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, commanded the first, second and third columns, the teaching and guidance brigade, and the new fourth brigade, a total of eight brigades

Chinese PinYin : Yu Lin Gu Cheng