bodhi tree

--Bodhi is a kind of evergreen tree growing in South China and Southeast Asia. Later, Sakyamuni got his name because he meditated under the tree, meditated for seven spring and autumn, and became a Buddha.

--Because the bodhi tree on the island grows in a special environment, it has strong vitality and can reproduce from generation to generation. It is rare for it to have luxuriant branches and leaves.

--What grows out of the stone crevice above the octagonal shaft wall is the marvelous phenomenon that the well supports the tree, the tree hangs the well, the tree and the well grow together, and the twins win-win.

bodhi tree

Bodhi tree (scientific name: < ificus religiosa < / I L.): it is a large arbor plant of Moraceae, banyan family and banyan genus. When it was young, it attached to other trees, with leathery leaves, triangular ovate shape and three basal veins. Its petiole is thin, its fruit is spherical to oblate, its style is thin and its stigma is narrow. The flowering period is from March to April and the fruiting period is from May to June.

Bodhi trees are mostly cultivated in coastal islands of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Jingdong. It is also distributed in Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Sikkim, Pakistan and India, most of which are cultivated. However, it is wild in Himalayas from Rawalpindi, Pakistan to Bhutan.

It is said that more than 2000 years ago, Sakyamuni, the Buddha, cultivated the right fruit under the bodhi tree. In India, the bodhi tree is regarded as a "sacred tree" by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. The government has implemented "national treasure level" protection for bodhi trees.

(general picture reference: China plant image database)

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morphological character

Large arbor, epiphytic to other trees when young, up to 15-25m, DBH 30-50cm; bark gray, smooth or slightly longitudinally striated, crown wide spread; branchlets gray brown, puberulent when young.

Leaf leathery, triangular ovate, 9-17 cm long, 8-12 cm wide, dark green on the surface, bright on the back, green on the back, apex cuspidate, apex caudate, 2-5 cm long, base broadly truncate to shallowly cordate, entire or undulate, basal veins triple, lateral veins 5-7 pairs; petiole slender, articulated, equal to or longer than leaf blade; stipules small, ovate, apex acute.

The total pedicel is about 4-9 mm long; the male flower, gall flower and female flower are on the inner wall of the same fig fruit; the male flower is few, near the mouth, sessile, perianth 2-3-lobed, involute, stamen 1, filament short; the gall flower is petiolate, perianth 3-4-lobed, ovary smooth, spherical, style short, stigma inflated, 2-lobed; the female flower is sessile, perianth segments 4, broadly lanceolate, ovary smooth, spherical. Style slender, stigma narrow. The flowering period is from March to April and the fruiting period is from May to June.

Figs globose to oblate, 1-1.5 cm in diam., red at maturity, smooth; basal bracts 3, ovoid.

Habitat of producing area

Guangdong (coastal islands), Guangxi and Yunnan (north to Jingdong, altitude 400-630m) are mostly cultivated. It is also distributed in Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, Pakistan and India, most of which are cultivated. However, it is wild in Himalayas from Rawalpindi, Pakistan to Bhutan.

Growth habit

Bodhi Tree likes light, high temperature and high humidity, grows rapidly at 25 ℃, overwinters at about 12 ℃, and is not frost resistant; it has strong anti pollution ability, and has no strict requirements on soil, but it is better to use fertile and loose slightly acidic sandy loam. Young Linden forests grow rapidly in the tropics.

Methods of reproduction

seed

Seed propagation should choose more than 10 years of robust mother plant, in November when the fruit is red and black seed collection, the harvested fruit repeatedly rub, remove the meat residue and skin scraps, take out the seed, slightly dry can be sown. Generally, sand bed is used for sowing. Before sowing, small boards are used to slightly compact the bed surface, and the bed surface is leveled. The seeds are evenly scattered on the bed surface. When sowing, the seeds should not be overlapped into a small group, and each seed should be scattered on the bed surface as far as possible. After sowing, a thin layer of soil should be used to cover the seeds. It is better to just cover the seeds. After sowing, straw or shading net should be used to build a shade to reduce water evaporation and keep the bed moist. At the same time, the sand bed is sprinkled with mieyiqing to prevent the seeds from being harmed by ants and mole crickets when they germinate.

Because the seeds of linden tree have no dormancy habit, they can germinate and come out about 10 days after sowing. When the seeds germinate to about half, uncover all the straw, shade properly, and drench with enough water every morning and evening. When the seedlings grow to 2-4cm, they should be transferred to the nutrient bag of 10cm × 12cm with soil (surface soil with higher humus) in advance for cultivation. After the seedlings are transferred to the nutrient bag, they should be covered with solar net and drenched with water in the morning and evening. After the seedlings grow again, irrigate the roots with 0.1% aqueous solution of urea + Norwegian compound fertilizer every 7 days, and then pour in a small amount of water (sprinkler can be used in the nursery with conditions), which is beneficial to the absorption of water and fertilizer. When the seedlings grow to about 15 cm, the concentration of water and fertilizer can be increased to 0.2% - 0.3%. At the same time, corresponding measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of the disease. When the seedlings grow to 30-50 cm, they can leave the nursery.

cutting

The branches of linden tree are also easy to survive by cutting. In spring or autumn, select 8-15-year-old robust mother plant, select the branches with full axillary buds on the mother plant, cut the cuttings (diameter is about 0.5-0.8 cm) with semi lignified part about 15 cm in length for cutting propagation. The row spacing of cuttings is 5 cm × 10 cm, and the cutting depth is about 3 cm. After cutting, set up a small bow shed and use white plastic Cover with plastic film, keep ventilation at both ends, spray water many times every day to ensure high relative humidity in the shed.

After cutting, the cuttings were sprayed with 0.125% - 0.2% concentration solution of broad-spectrum fungicides (Baijunqing, carbendazim, etc.) every 7 days to prevent cuttings from rotting under high temperature and humidity. It can grow roots in about 10 days. The bodhi tree can also be cutted with big branches. The strong branches with a diameter of 10-15 cm, 1.5-2.5 meters long, are cut off, and all the side branches and leaves are buried in the soil for 20-30 cm. The whole exposed branches are wrapped with straw for shading and moisturizing. Generally, they can take root after 20 days. Soil mass should be taken when transplanting out of nursery, which can improve the survival rate of seedlings.

cultivation techniques

Colonization

The planting hole size is 40cm × 40cm, the decomposed farmyard manure under each hole is 2-2.5kg + phosphate fertilizer is 0.5kg, and the afforestation specification is 1.5m × 1.5m. After mixing farmyard manure with topsoil, the planting hole should be backfilled, and a layer of topsoil of about 3cm should be filled into the hole to avoid the plant roots directly contacting with the bottom manure and affecting the plant growth. After planting and returning to soil, straw should be used to cover around the seedlings to reduce water evaporation. The afforestation time should be rainy days in rainy season.

It is suitable to plant on both sides of the road or as the planting hole of courtyard greening with the size of 60cm × 60cm × 50cm, and apply plantar fertilizer. Each hole is applied with 4-5kg of decomposed farmyard fertilizer and 0.8kg of phosphate fertilizer. Generally, the artificial seedlings with height of 3-4m and diameter at breast height of 8-10cm or more are selected.

Management and protection

When the height of weeds is 20-40 cm, 10% glyphosate 48g / m2667m2 plus 0.1% washing powder can be sprayed at noon on sunny days. After weeds wither, the hole protection and fertilization should be carried out in time. In the first three years of young forest period, topdressing should be carried out 2-3 times every year when the rainy season comes, and 50-80g compound fertilizer should be applied each time. After 3 years, the fast-growing weeds and vines in the forest should be cut down in time, and pruning and shaping should be carried out to maintain a certain beautiful crown.

Pest control

The seedlings of linden tree are easy to be infected with Damping off disease and black spot. Chemical control can be carried out by spraying 80% mancozeb WP 0.167%, 60% carbendazim, 75% chlorothalonil 0.125% or two mixed solutions. Spraying once every seven days and spraying three times continuously can achieve the best control effect.

Aphids and moth larvae are harmful to the terminal buds and young leaves of linden tree at seedling stage, especially aphids, which often gather on the back of young leaves and gnaw at the mesophyll. Chemical control can use 90% trichlorfon 0.125% concentration solution or 40% Omethoate 0.1% - 0.125% concentration solution to spray on the front and back of young leaves, which can achieve a certain control effect.

Main value

green

Bodhi tree has moderate resistance to sulfur dioxide and chlorine, and strong resistance to hydrofluoric acid, so it is suitable for greening in polluted areas. At the same time, it has expanded branches, tall tree shape, luxuriant branches and leaves, wide crown, elegant and considerable. It is an excellent ornamental tree species, and it is suitable for greening in courtyard roads.

Economics

The latex from the trunk of bodhi tree can produce hard rubber, and the branches and leaves can be used as animal feed for elephant and cattle. The difference between the core and sapwood of bodhi tree is not obvious. The wood with scattered holes has crisscross texture, medium structure, light weight, dry shrinkage, low strength, dull after painting, and easy to glue. It is suitable for cutting board, packing board and fiberboard.

medical

Chinese PinYin : Pu Ti Shu