YANGHETANG

YANGHETANG

From the stone archway of Changjia manor, you can see that this is the residence of Jinshi Gong of Changjia manor. Its hall is called Yanghe hall. Because the door God painted on its gate is majestic, vivid, unique and famous, people in this area call it "door god courtyard". Now we have developed the old film exhibition hall and the Chang family brief history hall.

Scenic spot description

The ancients called the place with a wide collection of books "Lantai stone room". The stone railings, stone shadow walls and stone Banting in the front yard of Yanghe hall give you the feeling of entering the "stone room". Even the jiapailouhua wall in the main courtyard is carved in stone. The characters on the stone pillars and the stone walls of the Banting Pavilion were written by Chang Linshu, the master of the hall, and Chang Liping, his father, a famous calligrapher.

Chang Lin Shu is a famous Confucianist and educator in Shanxi Province in the late Qing Dynasty. There are 56 works in his life. Among them, waishi Ge Lue introduces the geography, history, culture and economy of various countries in the world to Chinese people in the form of verse. It can be said that he is a pioneer in the late Qing Dynasty who can correctly and objectively look at the world. This insight of Chang Linshu is inseparable from the fact that Chang family has been engaged in foreign trade for generations.

In YANGHETANG, there is also a "avant-garde" figure in the late Qing Dynasty, that is Chang Linshu's uncle Chang Lijiao. Changlijiao was one of the four Shanxi scholars who took part in the reform of Kangliang in 1898. After the failure of the political reform, he returned to his hometown to live in seclusion and engage in education. In the late Qing Dynasty, many literati in Yuci had been influenced by his academic and character.

The plaque on the front gate: Jinshi No.1, which was set up after the Jinshi in the examination of Changling Book Club of our school.

Couplet: there are more than court, fragrant Pavilion grass, Zheng Lanyan, osmanthus trees, and there is no difference between home and home.

In Qing Dynasty, it was often written on screen. Xie and Xie Lingyun were famous writers in the Southern Dynasty, and their poems were famous for their poems about nature. Zheng Xuan, a famous scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Yan, the Song Dynasty Yan GUI, good at painting landscape trees.

The second plaque of the main courtyard: YANGHETANG, the old hall of Chang bingcong of the 11th generation.

Couplet: it's better to read without books when there are books in a book. It's unreasonable outside the etiquette, but it's polite to keep the etiquette. ——Chang's writing.

Plaque on the main building of the main courtyard: in writing

Couplet: Happy nothing, happy day, drink and eat, longevity and health. ——Liu Yong wrote.

The second plaque of pianyuan: Guan Guoguang -- Chang bingcong, the master of the school, was established after he entered the National Academy.

Chang's brief history museum

During the tour of Chang family manor, I must have experienced and tasted the great wealth and strong Confucian culture of Chang family in Chewang. Now, I'd like to visit the Chang's brief history museum to learn about the rise and fall of the Chang family, the first Confucian businessman in China in the Qing Dynasty, and their extraordinary fighting experience in the past 500 years.

YANGHETANG room 1: origin

In the five hundred years' glorious history of dominating the business circles of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the well-known Shanxi merchants at home and abroad have three brilliant "bright spots", namely, salt industry, tea and ticket shop. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the transportation and sale of tea in Mongolia and Russia has been almost monopolized by Shanxi merchants, and formed an international trade road from southern China to the hinterland of Europe, which is comparable to the "Silk Road" - the "Tea Road". On this Wanli Tea Road, there is a famous family of Shanxi merchants, which is called "foreign trade family" by Shanxi foreign trade records.

About 500 years ago, during the reign of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, Chang Zhonglin, the ancestor of the Chang family in Chewang, came to Chewang village alone. There was no room and no ridge on the ground. He only lived by shepherding for Liu, a big family in Chewang. Later, he married a maid surnamed Liu and gave birth to a son named Chang, who settled down in Chewang. According to a more accurate guess, the time is in the 13th year of Hongzhi, that is, 1500 A.D. Before that, Chang Zhonglin was born in Taigu Foshan.

Because this place is said to be the place where the Han Dynasty and Su Wu sent envoys to Xiongnu together and made many meritorious deeds, and was granted the title of "feng'an" (burial) by the imperial court for general Yan Han, it is called "Hui'an". According to the genealogy of Chang family in Hui'an in the early Ming Dynasty, Chang Zhonglin was the third generation in Hui'an, and his son Chang Lu was also recorded in the genealogy of Chang family in Hui'an.

After leaving Hui'an, Chang Zhonglin didn't immediately come to the rim of the car. Instead, he first went to Taigu dunfang village, not far from the rim of the car, where he married and had children. Because dunfang also has the Chang family, and has always respected Chang Zhonglin as the ancestor. Later, dunfang Chang family also moved to Taiyuan, Xugou and other places to reproduce. It is still a mystery why Chang Zhonglin left his wife and son in dunfang village, and why he left alone again and came to the rim of the car.

It can be said that it was Chang Zhonglin's restless spirit that left behind an example for later generations to dare to be the first in the world and pursue profits all over the world. Chang Zhonglin was born in a poor family. He was not afraid of difficulties and dangers. He was hardworking and set a good example for future generations. After the prosperity of Chang's family, Chang Zhonglin's tools for herding sheep, such as sheep whip and sheep shovel, were consecrated in the ancestral hall by his descendants as sacred objects. Shanxi's richest man, the first Confucian businessman in Qing Dynasty, started from this sheep whip. It's like a fairy tale, but it's a real reality. Of course, it's a hard and long process.

(display: records of Shanxi foreign trade and related records, photos of Chang Zhonglin's shepherd, sheep whip, shovel, bucket, old sheep fur coat, Hui'an, dunfang, and photocopies of Chang Huichuan)

YANGHETANG second room: take root

Before the fourth generation, the Chang family's life was difficult, but they finally took root in building houses and land in Chewang village and lived a life of men farming and women weaving.

So far, we know that the oldest courtyard of Chang's in Chewang village is called "old gate", where sun Tinghe, Tingmei and Tingyu of Chang Zhonglin live together. It is said that because Chang's surname was a stranger, he was once rejected by the local villagers. For example, the villagers often made trouble for the three brothers in irrigation and drinking water. So the three men worked together to drill a well in the hospital. As this is Chang's earliest residence in Chewang, later generations set up a plaque as "yanyitang", which means that the whole family was cared for and nurtured by their ancestors here, and flew from here to everywhere.

Display: household looms, farm tools, photos of the old gate site, old plaque of yanyitang in Ming Dynasty)

YANGHETANG three rooms: the beginning of Confucian Merchants

Eighty four years after the 13th year of Hongzhi, that is, the 11th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1601), in the inscription of the restoration of the "missionary Temple" in Chewang, the donator is Chang Tinghe (the eldest grandson of Zhonglin) and his son Chang AI and Chang Cheng. Later in the inscription of the restoration of the main hall in Nanzhuang, the donator is Chang Xian, the son of Ting Mei (the second son of Zhonglin). It can be inferred that at this time, Chang's family situation has slightly improved. Because donation in neighboring villages can not be a hard "apportionment". This is consistent with the record in Chang's Jiacheng: "my clan gradually rose in the Ming Dynasty and became prosperous in the early Qing Dynasty". The fourth generation after Chang Zhonglin's Chewang settled down began to "gradually rise".

During the reign of Kangxi in the early Qing Dynasty, according to the records of those who built temples and raised money steles in the 36th year of Kangxi (1697), 40th year of Kangxi (1701) and the 5th year of Yongzheng (1727), Chang Jinlong and Chang Jinlin of the 7th generation, Chang Wen and Chang Dian of the 8th generation became the leaders and organizers of the donation. We can't get such "glory" unless we have a big family and a big career. Moreover, Chang Ji, the son of Chang Jinlong, also entered Xiang during this period and became Chang's first scholar.

The reason for the rise of Chang family lies in business. According to the records in the tablet, the places where they do business are Datong, Fanshi, duolunnuoer, Zhangjiakou, Xinghua Town, Suzhou, etc. This is also clearly recorded in the family. Therefore, it is not accurate to identify the eighth Changwei as the first businessman of the Chang family in many articles. However, there is no way to know who the first businessmen were. It is speculated that they should be mainly the branch of Chang Jinlong, the second son of Chang Duan, the fifth grandson of Chang Tingmei.

Although the research shows that the eighth Changwei is not the first one to go abroad to do business, there is no doubt that he is a very important person who made Chang's business and became rich and ranked in the forefront of Shanxi Merchants in Qing Dynasty, monopolized China's tea market in Russia and Mongolia for Shanxi merchants, and extended to almost the whole Europe. It can also be said that the Chang family developed into the first epoch-making figure of Confucian Merchants in the Qing Dynasty.

Chang Wei was born in about 20 years of Kangxi. He was the eldest son of Chang Jin Quan. He went to Zhangjiakou to do business in about 40 years of Kangxi. According to records, he traveled between Zhangjiakou and his hometown for many years without Sichuan capital. Along the way, he used Zhanfeng to provide food and lodging. Although this shows the essence of Chang Wei's frugality, it also reflects that Chang Jin Quan and Chang Wei were not rich among their contemporaries at that time.

By the early years of Yongzheng, Chang Weiji had developed from a "business man" to a "business man" who set up a small shop. However, the business was not big. The shop did not even have an official name in Zhangjiakou, so it was called "Chang Bu Pu". His three sons, Wan Yao, Wan Wang and Wan Da, all went to Zhangjiakou with his father. In addition to Wan Wang's purchasing land for farming in the suburbs of Zhangjiakou, Wan Yao and Wan Da became his father's right-hand assistants in business. After more than ten years of hard work, Chang's career in Zhangjiakou has developed rapidly.

(display: the first to the ninth genealogy, the missionary temple in Chewang village, Kuixing Pavilion, Changji wood carvings, temples in neighboring villages, family members' large-scale articles, Changwei statues, the small plaque of changbupu, which was made by Changwei and Kangxi, and the original appearance of changbupu.).

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