Hakka ancestral land

Hakka ancestral land

Hakka ancestral land is located in Shibi village, Shibi Town, Ninghua County, Sanming City, Fujian Province.

Shibi people were originally Han people in the Central Plains. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a large number of Han people in the Central Plains moved to the South because of the war, famine, war, the government's policy of rewarding and encouraging, and the infiltration of foreign economy. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Han people who moved to the South once gathered at the stone wall, which was magnificent. For a long time, located in the eastern foot of Wuyi Mountain at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi, Shibi village, Shibi Town, 17 kilometers west of Ninghua County, Fujian Province, became the birthplace of Hakkas and the cradle of Hakkas.

The scenic spot will be free of charge to the national medical workers (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) until December 31, 2020.

geographical position

Ninghua Shibi Hakka ancestral land is located in the eastern foot of Wuyi Mountain at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi, and Shibi village, Shibi Town, 22 kilometers west of Ninghua County, Fujian Province. "There are big locust trees in the north and Shibi village in the South". Shibi is the cradle of Hakka and the birthplace of Hakka people.

Origin and development

According to the general genealogy of he family in China, he Ziyuan, the founder of modern Chinese education and the founder of the 1911 Revolution, was the 19th grandson of niansilanggong (yuanmeigong), the founder of he's family, who moved to Meizhou in Ninghua. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, during the Qingming and Chongyang festivals, the descendants of he and other representatives of Hakka descendants who lived in Chaomei would go back to "Shibi" to seek their roots Ancestor, ancestor worship.

The ancient Shibi people were originally Han people in the Central Plains. According to the research of historians, since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a large number of Han people in the Central Plains moved to the South due to the chaos of war, famine, war disaster, the government's reward arrangement and the infiltration of foreign economy. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Han people from the Central Plains who moved south once gathered in Shibi. The ancient stone wall is an open basin surrounded by mountains, where the soil is fertile and the forest is dense. Looking from a high place, it looks like a green barrier, so the ancient stone wall is known as "Yuping". The Han people who moved to the South settled in this "safe haven" and continued to communicate and integrate with the local indigenous people, which gave birth to a broad and profound Hakka culture, formed a unique Hakka family, and created a Hakka spirit of perseverance, hard work and pioneering spirit. After that, these Hakkas and their descendants took this place as a new starting point and took solid steps to travel all over the south, to the Central Plains, and then to the five continents and four oceans. Today, 120 million descendants of Hakkas are in more than 80 countries and regions in the world. Therefore, most of the world's Hakkas say that their first ancestor came from Shibi in Ninghua. Shibi has become the birthplace of Hakka people and the birthplace of Hakka culture.

population distribution

It is estimated that there are about 120 million Hakkas at home and abroad. One third of the Chinese in Hong Kong are Hakkas; one fifth to one fourth of the population in Taiwan are Hakkas. In the mainland, there are quite a number of Hakkas in Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan and other provinces except Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong. Overseas, there are many Hakkas in Southeast Asian countries, Australia, the United States and Canada.

social meaning

Ninghua Shibi Hakka temple is the general temple of Hakka people in the world. After its completion in 1995, it held a grand ceremony of ancestor worship in Shibi ancestral land, and designated October of the Gregorian calendar as "ancestor worship month". So far, it has successfully held 11 sessions. In the past 11 years, Shibi Hakka Ancestral site has received 370000 tourists from 19 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and 30 overseas countries and regions, including 180 overseas root seeking and ancestor worship groups and 33864 representing more than 80 overseas guest groups. The brand of "Hakka Ancestral place" is becoming more and more popular among overseas Hakkas. There is an endless stream of people seeking their roots and offering sacrifices to their ancestors in Shibi. Ninghua Shibi Hakka Ancestral place is regarded as Hakka's "Mecca" and Hakka's "pilgrimage center" by Hakkas at home and abroad.

Because of its special position in the history of Hakka, Shibi is regarded as "holy land" and "totem" by Hakka people and historians. Hakkas at home and abroad, scholars and journalists have come to visit their ancestors and study.

Reasons for migration

After the formation of Hakka ethnic group, due to the war, the government's encouragement and the need of development and other reasons, Hakkas began to migrate to Fujian and Jiangxi with Shibi as the center. Today, they live in more than 80 countries and regions on five continents, with a population of 120 million.

Hakka is a branch of the Han nationality, belonging to the Han people in the Central Plains. As a result of the war, a large number of Han people in the Central Plains left their homes and moved to the combination of Fujian and Jiangxi with Ninghua Shibi as the center. At that time, the Hakkas who concentrated in Ninghua or Shibi came from more than 50 prefectures and counties in eight provinces, which also shows that they were scattered before they came to Ninghua and did not form a special ethnic group. There are two main reasons why Hakkas come to Ninghua (Shibi) from all directions: first, natural conditions. Shibi is a flat basin with an area of 200 square kilometers. It has fertile land and provides favorable living conditions. The main stream of Hakkas comes from Jiangxi Province. Wuyishan is separated at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi. The pass from Shicheng to Shibi is lower than other passes at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi, which has convenient transportation. Ninghua is the source of Minjiang River, Ganjiang River and Hanjiang River, which has convenient waterway transportation. Second, man-made conditions. Ninghua, especially Shibi, was developed earlier. Before the Southern Song Dynasty, there was no war and the society was stable. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Yellow nest uprising army went from north to south, from Jiangxi and Zhejiang to Fujian and Guangdong, and then went north to Jiangxi. After a long circle, it did not enter Ninghua, and Ninghua became a "paradise". As Taiwan's Chen Yundong said in his book Hakka people, "Ninghua, Fujian Province is located in the south of Jiangxi Province, surrounded by mountains in the northwest, which is like a paradise in the world, especially the safest place to take refuge at that time. Therefore, most of these refugees moved to Ninghua. "The Hakkas, who moved to Shibi as the center, lived and multiplied for hundreds of years in a stable environment. They combined the culture and language of the Han people in the Central Plains with the local culture and language, and produced a kind of culture and language that not only retains the ancient style of the Central Plains, but also has new changes. It is different from other ethnic groups of the Han nationality, and is called Hakka culture and Hakka language, thus forming the Hakka ethnic group. According to the textual research, the Hakka clan was formed in the Song Dynasty. Ninghua is a Hakka area. It not only has typical Hakka culture and language, but also many of them are formed in Ninghua and spread to other Hakka areas. Ninghua obviously reflects the Hakka culture and language as a link between the past and the future. Ninghua (or Shibi) is not only called "the central region of the formation of Hakka people", but also called "the cradle of Hakka culture and language".

dominating figure

Hakka people not only created Hakka culture and Hakka language with unique style, but also emerged many prominent figures, such as Fan Zhongyan, a litterateur in Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi, a neo Confucianist, Hong Xiuquan, leader of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Sun Yat Sen, leader of Xinhai Revolution, he Ziyuan, founder of Xinhai Revolution, founder of modern education in China and leader of Jiaying League, Deng Xiaoping, founder of the people's Republic of China Zhu De, Ye Jianying, Guo Moruo, the great modern writer, Yelai, the first king of Malaysia, Zhang xiser, the former Prime Minister of Guyana, and Lee Kuan Yew, the former Prime Minister of Singapore.

Ancestral land construction

According to historical records, the Hakka ancestors who once settled in Shibi (or other places in Ninghua) have more than 130 surnames. Their descendants are based in all parts of the world, with outstanding talents, pioneering spirit and brilliant achievements. Hakka people always have the traditional virtues of patriotism, care for the future and respect their ancestors. Since the reform and opening up, with the gradual warming of "Hakka fever", the construction of Shibi Hakka ancestral land is also on the increase. Since 1992, the government of Ninghua county has invested in the construction of Hakka Ancestral Hall and supporting buildings in Shibi village. Taking the Hakka Ancestral Hall as the main body, the park, reception station, management room, corridor, archway, Hakka Road, stele Pavilion, Gongde stele, Yuping hall, stele forest, Wenbo Pavilion, Kehai temple and other facilities have been built successively, covering an area of 12000 square meters with a total investment of 8.9 million yuan.

Main attractions

The Hakka Ancestral Temple, the main building of Shibi Hakka Ancestral area, is located on Tulou mountain of Shibi village, with Wuyi Mountains in the back and Shibi basin in the front. The ancestral hall is in the form of an antique palace, with cornices, brackets, carved beams and painted buildings. The main body of the ancestral hall covers an area of 3000 square meters, with a construction area of more than 5000 square meters. It is divided into three halls: the front hall, the middle hall and the back hall. The front hall (also known as the lower corridor) is used for resting and displaying the source information of surnames; the middle hall is the main hall, also known as Yuping hall, which is called Shenzu hall. In the hall, 160 ancestral deities of Hakka surnames are worshiped for worship, and more than 300 people can worship their ancestors at the same time. The back hall, known as Wenbo Pavilion, is used to display Hakka culture, collect genealogies and cultural relics for viewing, searching and reading.

Ye Xuanping, former vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, personally wrote "Hakka Ancestral Hall" on the plaque. The temple is open and beautiful with gorgeous scenery. Kehai temple on the left side of the temple is resplendent, fragrant and smoky. It is an ideal place for religious pilgrimage. Its main building is basically completed. The "forest of Steles" on the right side of the temple can be used for erecting steles, sightseeing and viewing. Just below the temple, there is a stele Pavilion. In the simple and elegant Pavilion, there is a large stone tablet. On the front of the pavilion, there is an inscription of "Hakka soul" written by Yao Meiliang, a justice of the peace and a Hakka sage. On the back of the pavilion, there is an inscription of the temple. Five hundred meters away from Gongci is the main highway from Fuzhou to Jiangxi. Next to the highway is the open welcome square, which is on the main road of Gongci

Chinese PinYin : Ke Jia Zu Di