Longtouguan

Longtouguan

Longtouguan, a cultural relic protection unit in Sichuan Province. Located in Jiangyang West Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province. Originally an ancient pass, it was built in the Shu Han Dynasty to build a wall of earth. It was rebuilt in the 11th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the 2nd year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty. Tuojiang River in the north, the Yangtze River in the south, like a dragon through the two rivers, hence the name. Luzhou city is surrounded by water on three sides and backed by mountains on one side. Longtouguan is the only channel, which has been a must for military strategists. On December 1, 1921, the Luzhou uprising led by the Chongqing prefectural committee of the Communist Party of China broke out. Liu Bocheng, as the commander in chief of the former enemy, arrived in Luzhou in January 1927 to fight with the army under the command of Liu Xiang at longtouguan, which wrote a glorious page for the armed uprising. In 1991, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the people of Luzhou raised funds to repair the city building and build the "Luzhou Uprising monument".

Historical records

Building name

"Longtouguan" is called "longtouguan"

One is to use metaphors to describe customs. Dictionary of China's famous historical and cultural cities: "it faces Tuojiang River in the north and Yangtze River in the south, just like a giant dragon penetrating the two rivers, so it's named."

Second, the famous pass is close to the mountain. According to the inscriptions of Xinjian shenbanguan (i.e. longtouguan) on the geographical location of longtouguan, "Jin said:" Longtoushan is the throat of Zhongshan. "

It can be seen that the original name of the mountain where longtouguan was built was longtoughan (dashanping, Jiangyang District, Luzhou). Longtouguan was built and named according to the mountain.

"Longtouguan" is also known as "shenbanguan", which began when Chongzhen was rebuilt in Ming Dynasty

One is to use metaphors to describe customs. "Tuojiang River in the north, Yangtze River in the south, such as a shenbangxiong lock two rivers, so also known as shenbanguan."

Second, it is recorded in the records of Luxian County of the Republic of China that "the inscriptions were added in the Ming Dynasty, but the inscriptions are not included. The inscription on the stele can be read in the following three words: "Xinjian shenbanguan stele" and "October of the 10th year of Chongzhen", "Jin said: Longtou mountain is the throat of Zhongshan" and "Mingzhi shenbanguan", which is what Lin Zhi called it? Kaoshenban mountain, on the other side of today's mithachang, is located in the old Lucheng. At the beginning of Chunhu period in Song Dynasty, Yu fan, the system envoy, and Cao Zhida, who knew Luzhou, moved to the prefecture and ruled there, including shenbangmen, Dongmen, and Ximen (see biography of Shimao and biography of Zhang wanjianu)

）This is the name of shenbanguan. Is it wrong? Yi is named after the shenbangmen gate of the old city of Lu. For example, Luzhi is named after the transfer of Luchuan county

"Longtouguan" and "shenbanguan" seem to be overlapped by the metaphor of Guan. There is no difference between the word "Beilin" and "Beilin", "Nandi" and "Nanlin". "Like a dragon penetrating the two rivers" and "like a divine arm locking the two rivers" have the same noumenon but different metaphors. It may be that the explanation of "longtouguan" is applied to "shenbanguan", or it may be that the explanation of "shenbanguan" is applied to "longtouguan".

geographical position

"Longtouguan" in "qihuali in the west of the city"

Sichuan police school in Feiyue Village

It is located in the South Sichuan Police College, Jiangyang West Road, Luzhou city. Since the founding of the Shuhan Dynasty, the position of "longtouguan" in the governance of Luzhou has changed. From the Shuhan Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, local chronicles, official history books, and geography books all call it "longtouguan" in the South Qili of Luzhou. After the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed "longtouguan" in the west of Luzhou

1、 Located in the west of Luzhou city.

According to the records of Luxian County of the Republic of China, "longtouguan is seven Li to the west of the city."

"Longtouguan is located in Qili, the west part of the state," said the chronicle of Guangxu Luzhou Zhili

2、 It is located in the south of Luzhou city.

History of the Ming Dynasty: "there is a dragon pass in the south."

"Add Guangyu Ji": "longtouguan, south of Zhoucheng."

"The great Ming Dynasty unified annals:" the Dragon passes through the pass, seven Li south of the city. "

"Jiajing Sichuan general annals" says: "long touguan, Zhou Zhinan Qili."

"Longtouguan is located at Qili in the south of the state," said Jiaqing Sichuan Tongzhi

"The great Ming Dynasty unifies the place of interest annals": "the Dragon constructs the pass, is away from the State South seven Li."

"Qianlong Zhili Luzhou annals": "long touguan, in the south of the state seven miles."

In the annals of Luzhou in Zhili of Jiaqing, it is said that "longtouguan is located at Qili in the south of the state."

In Jiaqing's rebuilding of Yitong Zhi, it is said that "longtouguan is located at Qili in the south of the state."

Jiaqing revises Yitong Zhi: "long touguan," and Zhouzhi: "in Wuli, south of Zhouzhou."

According to modern satellite images, "longtouguan" is in the southwest of Luzhou city. The above-mentioned "in the south of the state", "seven Li from the south of the state", "in the west of the state" and "seven Li from the west of the city" are all seven Li from the southwest of the state. However, due to the different angles of the observers, there are differences between the South and the West.

Construction start time

"Longtouguan", "built in Shuhan"

According to historical records, it seems to be accurate.

First, it is recorded in the unified annals of the Ming Dynasty.

"The great Ming Dynasty unified annals" says, "the Dragon passes through the pass, which is passed down from generation to generation and established by Zhuge Liang."

Jiaqing Sichuan Tongzhi: "longtouguan" and mingtongzhi: "it is said that Marquis Wu was established."

Jiaqing revises yitongzhi: "longtouguan" and mingtongzhi: "established by Marquis Ge Wu."

Secondly, it is recorded in the revised Guangyu Ji.

"Add Guangyu Ji:" long touguan, hereditary Zhuge Liangli

"Qianlong Zhili Luzhou annals" says: "long touguan," Guangyu Ji "says:" it's handed down that Zhuge Wuhou was established. "

In the annals of Luzhou in Zhili, Jiaqing, "the Dragon passes through the pass, and the record of Guangyu says:" it is handed down that the Marquis Wu of Zhuge was established. "

"Guangxu Luzhou Zhili Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi

"Records of Luxian County of the Republic of China:" the Dragon passes through the pass, and Guangyu Ji says: "it has been handed down that Zhuge, marquis Wu, was established."

Thirdly, it is recorded in the general annals of Jiajing Sichuan.

The general annals of Jiajing Sichuan: "the Dragon passes through the pass, which is passed down from generation to generation and established by Marquis Wu."

Fourth, it is recorded in the records of the unified historical sites of the Ming Dynasty.

"The great Ming Dynasty unifies the place of interest records": "the dragon builds the pass, the hereditary Zhuge Liang establishes."

Fifthly, it is recorded in the records of Luxian county.

According to the records of Luxian County, Zhuge Liang of Shuhan Dynasty was a city based on the mountain situation It's called the Dragon pass. "

According to the above documents, longtouguan was first built in the Shu Han Dynasty by Zhuge Liang. However, because it is impossible to study, it can be said to be "handed down from generation to generation" or "handed down from generation to generation". Based on the fact that the beginning time of the construction of longtouguan has been determined, it will not be explained here, but whether the founder of longtouguan was Zhuge Liang will be explained here. If it is said that longtouguan was built by Zhuge Liang, unless Zhuge Liang ordered the governor of Jiangyang to build longtouguan in the name of the Prime Minister of Shuhan, Zhuge Liang must visit Jiangyang in person. There are no more than two records that Zhuge Liang and Jiangyang appear in the same place (Chushi Biao: "crossing Lushui in May" is at the confluence of Jinsha River and Yalong River, which has nothing to do with Jiangyang).

The first one comes from Yongle Dadian, which says, "the first one came to Yizhou, and sent Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and other soldiers back to Jiangyang, which is the current state territory."

The second one is from the records of Yuanhe County: "at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Cao Gong entered Hanzhong, and Zhuge Liang left tunjiangyang."

The third one is from the records of Ming Dynasty unified scenic spots: "Wei Wu Tun Hanzhong, Zhuge Liang Tun Jiangyang."

According to the first article, the time is the 17th year of Jian'an (212), when Liu Bei entered Shu.

According to this record, Zhuge Liang occupied Jiangyang and stayed there

"Next year (the 17th year of Jian'an), Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and other generals will trace back to Baidi, Jiangzhou and Jiangyang."

"He first came to Yizhou, attacked Liu Zhang, flew up the river with Zhuge Liang, and divided counties. In Jiangzhou, the governor of Bajun, Yan Yan, was born and won Yan. "

"Liang Liyun, Zhang Fei and others all went back to Jiangxi Province to pacify the counties. To Jiangzhou, send clouds from outside to Jiangyang, and meet with liang in Chengdu. "

Zhuge Liang went to Sichuan with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. Zhuge Liang first occupied Baidi, then entered Jiangzhou with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun, and finally went to Chengdu. Zhang Fei occupied Jiangzhou, and Zhao Yun came out of Jiangzhou and occupied Jiangyang. It can be seen from this that the so-called "sending Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and others to lead troops back to Jiangyang" in Yongle Dadian should actually be Zhao Yun's "tracing back to Jiangyang" in "waiting", and Zhuge Liang has never stayed in Jiangyang, let alone building longtouguan.

According to the second and third records, the time is the year of the 20th year of Jian'an (215), when Cao Cao entered Hanzhong.

According to the records of the Three Kingdoms: "in 20 years, Sun Quan had already won Yizhou, and his envoys wanted to win Jingzhou. The first master said, "if you want Liangzhou, you should take Jingzhou as your partner." He sent LV Meng to attack Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang. The first leader led 50000 soldiers to the police and ordered Guan Yu to enter Yiyang. It was Cao GONGDING, Hanzhong, and Zhang Lu who fled to Brazil. First, he heard about it, and then joined with Quan Lianhe, which was divided into Jingzhou, Jiangxia, Changsha and Guiyang in the East, Nanjun, Lingling and Wuling in the west, and led the army back to Jiangzhou. "

It can be concluded from the above

Chinese PinYin : Long Tou Guan