Yongxing Island

Yongxing Island

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Yongxing Island, also known as "Lin Dao", was named as "Lin Dao" on the island. In 1946, the warship of the Yongxing government of the national government received the Paracel Islands. The name of the island was named after the name of the ship. It covers an area of 3.16 square kilometers with an average altitude of 5 meters.

Yongxing island is a kind of Coral Island, which is formed by the white coral shell sand deposited on the reef platform in the east end of the Paracel Islands. It is the largest island in Paracel Islands. It was the largest island in the South China Sea Islands before reclamation in Nansha.

Yongxing island is the economic, military and political center of the three archipelago of Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands and the Zhongsha Islands. It is the people's Government of the three cities and many senior dispatched offices, municipal units and the Yongxing Municipal Commission of work. There are government buildings, schools, banks, post offices, hospitals, shops, hotels and libraries on the island

Airport, port, weather station, garrison base, etc. With perfect production and living facilities, it is a real island new city.

On April 18, 2020, Xisha district and Nansha District will be set up in Sansha City, Hainan Province. Xisha District People's government is located in Yongxing island.

Evolution of organizational system

Ancient times

In history, the earliest people who arrived at Yongxing island and developed it were the Chinese ancestors living along the coast of the South China Sea. According to the Zhongsha Islands chronicles of Southwest China, the early "7000 years ago" in the Neolithic age, the ancestors living in the coastal areas of southern China rely on vessels to obtain resources for survival in the South China Sea. During the Yin and Zhou dynasties 3000 years ago, the indigenous Yue people along the South China Sea began to communicate with the Central Plains. Since then, Chinese fishermen have been sailing and fishing in the South China Sea all the year round, and they were the first to discover the islands in the South China Sea. Since the Tang Dynasty at the latest, Hainan fishermen have lived in the South China Sea Islands.

Yongxing island is an area where fishermen live in the South China Sea. The data and literature of Han, Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties have recorded this island. The Song Dynasty once sent the navy to inspect the islands in the South China Sea and put them in the territory of the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, geographer Guo Shoujing made astronomical survey in the South China Sea. In the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He went to the Western Ocean to mark the geographical location of the islands in the South China Sea. During the Qing Emperor Xuan Tong emperor, he sent the Guangdong navy to Paracel Islands to survey and raise the flag.

The period of French occupation

In 1932, the French government of Indochina occupied the entire Paracel Islands, including Yongxing island. The French villas on Yongxing island are also products of aggression.

Japanese occupation period

During the Second World War, the islands in the South China Sea were once captured by Japan. After the surrender of Japan, the South China Sea Islands, including Xisha, Dongsha, China sand and Spratly Islands, were returned to China in accordance with the Cairo declaration.

In September 1946, the Chinese national government dispatched Zhang Junran, the chief of naval affairs of the Navy headquarters, to the South China Sea for the three time, and the four time to Paracel Islands.

In November 23, 1946, Zhang Junran, along with Yao Ruyu, deputy commander of the naval fleet stationed in Paracel Islands, visited the Yongxing island by "Yongxing" destroyer, and set up a cement monument on the island. The front inscription was "four characters in the South China Sea screen fan". On the back, it engraved "the Navy recovered the monument to Paracel Islands". It was next to the "Republic of China in thirty-five November 24th." Zhang junran is the leader of the party.

New China period

In August 1955, the French warship l9006 sailed to Yongxing island in Xisha, claiming that the island was French territory (after the Dien Bien Phu battle in 1954, France was expelled and the coral island was replaced by South Vietnam), and forced to expel Chinese fishermen.

Since March 1956, South Vietnam has taken part in the Paracel Islands in order to take over French sovereignty. First, on May 26, 1956, troops were sent to occupy Ganquan Island, and then on August 21, 1958, Chenhang island was occupied. China issued a territorial declaration to protest (start to send armed militia to Yongxing Island). Under the pressure of international public opinion and possible war with armed militia, South Vietnam temporarily withdrew from Chenhang Island, Ganquan island and Jinyin Island, but still occupied coral island.

The situation in Xisha deteriorated again in 1959, and the South Vietnamese armed forces provoked. In February 1959, two South Vietnamese naval ships intercepted Chinese fishing boats in the Xisha sea area and boarded Chenhang island to rob more than 160 Chinese fishermen. On February 27, China's Foreign Ministry issued a solemn statement, releasing Chinese fishermen from South Vietnam on March 9. In April, South Vietnam sent Marines to occupy Jinqing Island, Chenhang island and other four islands, and sent troops to garrison (later withdraw). In March 17, 1959, the PLA Navy's South China Sea fleet sent the "Nanning" frigate (Port No. 172, early port number) and "Luzhou" submarine (the port number "153", the early port side) for the first time to patrol in the West Sha Hai area, and set up three offices in the west, South and the Zhongsha Islands on Yongxing island.

From the founding of the people's Republic of China to 1974, due to China's national strength and domestic political factors, China had only a symbolic deployment of militia in Xisha, and almost no standing army. From 1973 to 1974, Vietnam, encouraged by the United States, occupied six islands in Xisha and Nansha. In January 1974, he openly provoked in Xisha.

In early January 1974, South Vietnam announced that it would explore for oil in Xisha area. The Zhongsha Islands the Dongsha Islands issued a statement in January 11, 1974 as usual. "China enjoys indisputable sovereignty over Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Zhongsha Islands and Dongsha Islands beyond all dispute," he said in January 11, 1974. It strongly condemns the wanton violation of China's territorial sovereignty by Saigon authorities. ". In fact, South Vietnam not only declared "oil exploration" this time, but also dispatched patrol ship "Li Changjie" (side No. hq-16) to rush into Xisha sea area on January 15, and frigate "Chen Qingyu" (side No. hq-4) to rush to Xisha on January 16.

In January 19, 1974, the navy of the PLA and the then Nanyue Navy broke out the Xisha sea battle in the Paracel Islands sea of the South China Sea. The victory of this war has led China to regain control of the entire Paracel Islands and its surrounding waters. During the naval battle, 18 people of the Chinese people's Liberation Army were killed and buried in the highest place on Chenhang island after the war. It is always worthy of the memory of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation! Under the extremely difficult circumstances at that time, the Chinese Navy, relying on the spirit of fearlessness, fought back the invasion of Vietnam and recaptured all the occupied islands of Xisha, and then began to build Xisha. In the prominent South China Sea dispute, it is self-evident that the strategic significance of Paracel Islands is.

In June 21, 2012, the announcement of the Ministry of civil affairs of People's Republic of China announced that, after the formal approval of the State Council, the offices of Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands and the Zhongsha Islands in Hainan province were revoked, and the third grade city of the Prefecture was established, and the government was stationed in Yongxing Island, Xisha.

On April 18, 2020, the State Council recently approved the establishment of Xisha district and Nansha District in Sansha City, Hainan Province. Xisha District of the three Shashi controls the islands and reefs of the Paracel Islands and the sea area, and manages the islands and reefs and sea areas of the Zhongsha Islands. The people's Government of Xisha district is located in Yongxing island.

geographical environment

position

Yongxing island is located at 16 degrees north latitude 50 minutes, east longitude 112 degrees 20 minutes, belongs to the East Paracel Islands of China's Xuan de archipelago. And Shidao (after the expansion, the generalized Yongxing island has merged with Shidao). The nearest reef is located in qilianyu in the north. It's the residence of Sansha city.

landforms

Yongxing island is a coral island formed by white corals and shell sand deposited on the reef platform. Surrounded by sand levees and lower in the middle, it is a depression formed after the lagoon dried up. Because of the pollution of bird droppings, the well water can not be drunk and can only be used for washing.

The average altitude of Yongxing island is 5 meters, the highest is 8.3 meters, covering an area of 3.16 square kilometers. The terrain of Yongxing island is flat, surrounded by sandbanks, and the lowlands in the middle of the island are dried up by lagoons. Located in the central part of Paracel Islands, it is located in the hub of Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands and the Zhongsha Islands. Its strategic position in the South China Sea is very important.

As a result of the expansion, Shidao and Yongxing island have become one. The highest altitude is Shidao, which is nearly 16 meters, and is the highest place in the South China Sea.

climate

Yongxing island is located in the south of Tropic of cancer. It has a tropical monsoon climate with annual precipitation of 1509.8 mm, strong wind and fast evaporation. Surrounded by the sea and small land area, it has the characteristics of marine climate, abundant rainfall, high temperature, high humidity and high salt all year round. The air is clean, the sun is bright, and the ultraviolet is very strong.

The annual average temperature is 26.5 degrees centigrade, the coldest in January, the average temperature is 23 degrees centigrade, the hottest in June, the average temperature is 29 degrees centigrade; the daily maximum temperature is 31 degrees centigrade, the minimum temperature is 21 degrees centigrade; the rainy season is from May to June every year.

natural resources

The trees on the island are deep and dense, and the most are coconut trees. There are more than 1000 trees more than 100 years old. In addition, kaiquat, Yangjiao, mawangteng, mafengtong, Canna, wild castor and wild cotton can be seen everywhere. There are many species of plants on the island, 148 species in the wild, accounting for 89% of the total number of Paracel Islands, especially known as Jatropha. Also rich in coconut, papaya, bananas and other fruits, more than 20 kinds of vegetables, cereals.

places of historic figures and cultural heritage

Ruins

There are guns left by the Japanese during World War II on the island

Chinese PinYin : Yong Xing Dao