Baojiatun

Baojiatun

Baojiatun is a 12 square kilometer Han village in Xixiu District, Anshun City, Guizhou Province. Baojiatun is a garrison officer of the Ming Dynasty. Bao Fubao was ordered to garrison here more than 600 years ago by Zhu Yuanzhang. He did not expect to live and multiply here. His descendants have passed on to more than 2000 people in 23 generations. Nuo opera, Ming Dynasty costume culture is its unique cultural heritage. Its advanced water conservancy projects, complete planning of ancient villages and strict military defense system have not yet found a suitable explanation.

Introduction to the countryside

Tunpu culture is a unique Han culture preserved in Anshun, Guizhou Province and Qujing, Yunnan Province. As a regional culture derived from military garrison, water culture should be one of its important components.

value

The existing ancient water conservancy projects in baojiatun reflect that in the specific natural environment of Tunpu, water conservancy is an important support to maintain production and domestic water. The unique social form of Tunpu is more conducive to the development and management of water conservancy projects. The perfect ancient rural water conservancy facilities in baojiatun are not only of great value for the in-depth study of Tunpu culture, but also of demonstration value for today's new rural construction.

Water conservancy system

1. Baojiatun dam river water conservancy system

Baojiatun is located in daxiqiao Town, Anshun, between the mountains and the Bazi. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Daba River, a tributary of Jiuxi River, enters baojiatun Bazi from the southwest, flows around Xiaojing East, and flows out through the southeast of Bazi, which has the water conservancy condition of gravity irrigation. Baojiatun water conservancy facilities is a relatively complete engineering system. The dam river is divided into two main channels by the water diversion hub (local people call it "yimaba"), and then the water is distributed to the lower channels through the secondary water diversion dam, which can meet the needs of gravity irrigation for farmland at different elevations. Finally, the two main canals converge at the entrance of the village and enter the Jiuxi river through the northeast of the village. Baojiatun water conservancy facilities are composed of transverse dike, longitudinal dike and high and low Longkou, which can meet the functions of water diversion and water regulation.

Baojiatun water conservancy project is lack of written records in the beginning and perfection period. With the help of local villagers, the remnant steles and genealogies (compiled in the period of the Republic of China) have records of the project management funds. It is speculated that the project was first built in the Ming Dynasty and gradually improved through the efforts of several generations.

In terms of engineering technology, this project is a reservoir type water conservancy project combining water diversion and storage. In the aspects of dam type, water distribution facilities, and Canal line planning, it shows the origin of water conservancy technology in Central Plains. The whole project system has reasonable layout, simple facilities and complete functions. In addition to irrigation, it also has the benefits of water supply, flood discharge and water utilization, which makes baojiatun have convenient agricultural and domestic water, food processing and other conditions, and creates a beautiful natural environment for baojiatun. As the engineering system is still in operation, most of the facilities are still in good condition and still play a role today. Unfortunately, the original three water mills in the village have been abandoned, but there are still two sites.

2. Jiuxi river water conservancy system of Jiuxi Village

Jiuxi village is located in the lower reaches of baojiatun, where many mountain streams meet and are called Jiuxi river. There are two types of irrigation in Jiuxi River: lift irrigation and gravity irrigation. Cultivated land is distributed on the opposite bank of Cunzhuang River and on both sides of the lower reaches of the river. The land on the other side of the river is higher than that on the other side of the river. It mainly uses keel water truck to lift water, and has perfect field channel engineering. Since the 1970s, water pumps have gradually replaced water trucks. Most of the existing artesian irrigation facilities in Jiuxi village have been built in the past 30 years, and the irrigation area has been greatly reduced due to disrepair. According to the field investigation, we can see the ancient water conservancy project sites, and speculate that the irrigation scale of that year may exceed that of baojiatun.

Baojiatun ancient water conservancy project has perfect engineering facilities, and it has been well preserved so far, reflecting the form of Tunpu autonomous management in historical period, which is of great significance for modern people to deeply study Tunpu culture. From the perspective of rural water conservancy, this project has been continued up to now, which has high historical and cultural value and high demonstration value for new rural construction. It is a vivid example of rural water conservancy maintenance, water resources allocation and public project management.

tourist guide

In February 2020, the Department of culture and tourism of Guizhou Province and the culture and tourism departments of nine cities (prefectures) and Gui'an New District decided that from the end of the epidemic to December 31, 2020, the national medical workers with valid certificates (doctor's certificate or nurse's certificate) can enjoy the free admission policy (excluding hot spring scenic spots and franchised projects in scenic spots).

Address: daxiqiao Town, Xixiu District, Anshun City

Longitude: 106.122898

Latitude: 26.327636

Ticket information: no ticket required.

Chinese PinYin : Bao Jia Tun