Qimenyan

Qimenyan

Qimenyan is located at the foot of Qimen mountain in the southwest of Shucheng County, the hinterland of Jianghuai river. It has a history of more than 2000 years. It is one of the famous irrigation projects in Han Dynasty. Qimenyan not only has a long history and numerous projects, but also has accumulated rich experience in water conservancy science. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people in ancient China to transform nature, and is now a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit in Anhui Province.

Evolution of construction

Qimen weir is at the foot of Qimen mountain in the southwest of Shucheng county. It is a famous water conservancy project in ancient China, more than 2000 years ago. In the 7th year of emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (200 BC), Liu Xin was the Marquis of genjie, who lived in Shu. He began to build a weir at the foot of Qimen mountain, which was called "Qimen", diverting water from the northeast, developing agriculture, and irrigating more than 80000 Mu of farmland. He also built Wuyang and caodou weirs in the East, which were called "Qimen and Sanyan". The irrigated farmland was abandoned, and the abandoned water was cut off and the irrigated farmland was 1500 hectares. During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty (1426-1435), Liu Xian, the county magistrate, made water use methods and management systems while dredging and expanding irrigation area. The people benefited from them all the time. In memory of Liu Xin, Liu Fu and Liu Xian, he built "three Liu ancestral temples" in Yanyan and set up stone steles to record their merits and virtues. Qimen weir is characterized by making full use of natural ponds, ponds and ditches to form a gravity irrigation network. There are mountains and waters here, which are suitable for tourists. "Sanyan Yuze" is known as "one of the eight Longshu scenic spots".

Nevertheless, for more than 2000 years, the water conservancy of qimenyan has been in fashion and has gone through many vicissitudes. Especially in modern times, due to the long-term war, the excessive levies of the reactionary authorities and the usurpation of the landlords, the water conservancy of qimenyan has been in decline day by day. On the eve of liberation, it has been completely destroyed. After liberation, the party and the government attached great importance to the development of water conservancy. From November 1951, the construction of Qimen weir was started, and the Qimen weir was overhauled and expanded. It was completed by the end of 1953. In 26 months, 36000 meters of new trunk and branch canals were opened, 156 culverts, gates, dams, etc. were built, and 230806 cubic meters of earthwork (including 18628 cubic meters of stonework) were completed. The actual cost was more than 356000 yuan, and the irrigation area reached 97410 mu. Qimenyan irrigation project management office was formally established in May 4 to strengthen maintenance, management, annual repair, development and irrigation. By 1957, the irrigated area of qimenyan had expanded to more than 150000 mu. By this time, the ancient water conservancy project had really regained its youth and brought into full play its huge irrigation capacity. In 1958, Longhekou peigan canal was built in the upper reaches of Hangbu river. Since then, qimenyan irrigation area has been incorporated into the supporting project of Hang Pei main canal, which is a part of the well-known Pei hang project at home and abroad. Since then, the site of qimenyan has been preserved in the motherland as a historical site.

Qimenyan is located at the foot of Qimen mountain, southwest of Shucheng County, the hinterland of Jianghuai river. It has a history of more than 2000 years. It is one of the famous irrigation projects in ancient China.

Cultural relics

According to the Hanshu, in the seventh year of Gaozu (200 BC), Liu Bang was granted the title of marquis Liu Xin, the son of his great brother, and lived in Shu. According to Liu Xin, "Shucheng water source comes from the steep mountains of the western mountains, and its potential is like a strategic position." under the Qimen mountains, it blocks the river and builds a weir, which is called Qimen. Open the canal and build the gate, lead the river to the northeast, carry the flat land, branch through, irrigate more than 80000 mu At the same time, he also built more than 10000 mu of wuyangyan irrigation field in the east of qimenling (below the qimenyan irrigation area). "Caoziyan" irrigates more than 20000 mu of farmland These are the so-called "seven gates and three weirs". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao carried out the practice of farming, and sent Liu Fu as the governor of Yangzhou (Note: not Yangzhou in Jiangsu), "guarding Huainan, opening rice fields." at that time, qimenyan was in disrepair for a long time, and water conservancy was almost completely abandoned. Liu Fu "followed the historical site of Marquis genjie of the Han Dynasty" and "built a broken dragon to ease water and irrigate five hundred hectares of land." According to the biography of Wei and Liu Fu in the annals of the Three Kingdoms, it is said that the government and the people have the right to irrigate the paddy fields by opening up the wasteland and harnessing the weirs of Wutang in the seven gates of shaopi Qimen here refers to qimenyan water conservancy project. The third time in history that qimenyan water conservancy was built on a large scale was in the Xuande period of Ming Dynasty (1426). Liu Xian, the county magistrate, said, "to teach agriculture and mulberry, to increase water conservancy." in addition to "carefully increasing and Dredging" the qimenyan water conservancy project and expanding the irrigation area, he also "set water diversion rules, and Dong took the weir head" and formulated a set of management system. In the hundreds of years after Liu Xian, there were several times to improve the water conservancy works of qimenyan, for example, in 1503, the governor Ma ruli and the county magistrate Zhang Weishan ordered the Yiguan Pu Dun to renovate the Longwang and sanmendang, and the water diversion pit was dry, and the harvest was good In 1575, Zhao Yingqing, the county magistrate, built shizhangpi at the foot of Zhuban mountain to connect Qimen weir and expand irrigation area. At the beginning of Jiaqing period in Qing Dynasty (about A.D. 1706), Shu Ren Gao Zhen opened a diversion canal and "connected Qimen weir in the north to benefit the ten Dang busy water." But what they did were all local projects, and their scale and influence could not be compared with the achievements created by Liu Xin, Liu Fu, and Dexian. Therefore, after Shudi, generations after Shudi "suffered its benefits and did not forget its grace." they once built "sanliu Temple" at qimenyankou, carved stones, erected steles, and wrote poems to commemorate it.

"This is the first channel of benevolence for the people. For thousands of years, the sutras have been sighing at the relics, and their great achievements are worthy of the records of historical officials. " Song Ji's poem praises the qimenyan irrigation project in Shucheng County, Anhui Province, which was founded at the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty and irrigated more than 100000 mu of farmland. It is one of the well-known water conservancy projects in ancient China, which is still playing an effective role. So far, it has been more than 2200 years.

According to Yu Di Ji Sheng, "in the seventh year of emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (199bc), Liu Bang granted his brother Liu Xin the title of Marquis genjie, who lived in Shu." Liu Xin "built a weir to block the river at the foot of qimenling, called Qimen, opened a canal to build (a piece of responsibility), diverted the river to the northeast, carried the flat land, crossed by branches, irrigated more than 80000 mu of farmland.". There are records in Fang Yu's summary, Lu Jiang Fu Zhi, Taiping Huanyu Ji and Anhui Tongzhi. Qimenyan diverts Longshu water (now known as Hangbu River) to irrigate the lower plain. There is a gate at the mouth of the weir, which is one foot deep and eight feet wide. It is convenient for irrigation and blocking, which fully reflects the wisdom of ancient Longshu people in water control.

After the completion of the weir, the Longshu plain was just like what the ancestor Gao Hua described: "the village is beautiful in the sun, the house is covered with clouds and orchids; the fields are divided up and down, and the seedlings are all southeast.". The sound of crowing the Duke of Guo, the sound of swallows. A plow green waves, chiwu Qian everywhere, border sub hexagram cloth, thousands of acres of green domain, white bird village, water protection smoke. I watched the horses come and go, but I listened to Tian sing What a beautiful countryside!

However, it is inevitable to suffer from water disasters due to water conservancy! According to historical records: Han Yongguang five years (BC 39 years), autumn, Luzhou flood, people's homes Tianlong damaged. "In the second year of the Yongchu period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 108), there was an earthquake on the Lujiang River in winter and a flood." Most of the farmhouses in Longshu were destroyed, and most of the Qimen weirs were silted.

Until the fifth year of Jian'an (A.D. 201), Liu Fu, the governor of Yangzhou, not only dredged the old road of Qimen weir, but also built Wuyang weir on the right bank of Longshu River on the left side of zhouyu City, and built (piancao) weir on the left side of Longshu river near the county government to form Qimen three weirs, which expanded the irrigation area to 100 square meters“ More than 1000 hectares.

Time goes by and floods continue. The seven gates and three weirs have been repaired and abandoned. In Xuande period of Ming Dynasty, the magistrate Liu Xian built a stone dam at the mouth of longwangdang to irrigate the weirs, and "there are five for ten for Dang". He stipulated that busy water should be used in the upper Wudang area and idle water should be used in the lower Shidang area, which solved the contradiction that the supply of weir water can not meet the demand due to the long weir road. Due to the remarkable achievements of Xin, Fu and Xian, the local people "suffered their benefits and did not forget their kindness", so they built "sanliu Temple" at Yankou, carved stones and erected steles to commemorate them forever. In 1952-1954, after the founding of the people's Republic of China, 47 water control, drainage and drainage projects, 17 lifting dams, 90 culverts and 20 temporary bridges were built, which gave a new look to the ancient water conservancy projects.

In 1958, the Longhekou reservoir on the upper reaches of qimenyan was built, storing 800 million cubic meters of water, and it was incorporated into the world-famous Pishihang Irrigation Area. Qimenyan was connected with the main canal in North Hangzhou of Longhekou reservoir, thus doubling its benefits.

Cultural relic value

Qimenyan not only has a long history and numerous projects, but also has accumulated rich experience in water conservancy science. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people in ancient China to transform nature.

Qin Minyue, the Minister of the Ministry of officials of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in the article "records of rebuilding Qimen Weir": "Qimen weir, Wuyang weir and Caozhi weir are divided into two parts: Pi weir, Dang weir and Gou weir. They irrigate the land of Muyi to more than 2000 hectares. For example, the veins of human body reach Yongquan from Niwan to Jiuqiao Baikui. That is to say, when Liu Xin built the Qimen weir, he was able to make use of the ponds, ponds and ditches to form a artesian irrigation network in accordance with the objective laws of nature, which was commendable more than 2000 years ago. It reflects the high intelligence and wisdom of the ancient working people of our country. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Liu Fu rebuilt qimenyan, he not only paid attention to expanding irrigation efficiency, but also combined water diversion irrigation with flood control and drainage. Such as the governance of Wuyang weir is an example. He considered that the upstream of Wuyang Weir "the location of Shawan is favorable for discharging water", but "there is no need to treat it"

Chinese PinYin : Qi Men Yan