Redstone Gorge

Redstone Gorge

Hongshixia is located 3 kilometers north of Yulin City, only 5 kilometers away from Yulin city. Hongshi gorge is about 350 meters long. The East Cliff of the gorge is about 11.5 meters high, and the West Cliff is 13 meters high. The Yuxi River passes through the gorge and reaches the west of the city. In ancient times, scholars and even military generals stationed in Yulin liked to carve inscriptions in hongshixia to express the lofty aspirations of the frontier fortress. Therefore, hongshixia is a great treasure house of calligraphy art of the Great Wall. From the contents of the inscriptions, we can see the status of Yulin as a "nine border town" in ancient times. In addition, you can also enjoy the grotto art of the song and Yuan Dynasties. Catch up with the sunny day, you can see the style of "red mountain sunset": the red stone gorge scenery is as gorgeous as sunset under the sunset. It is one of the famous "Eight Sights of Yulin".

origin

Hongshixia is also called xiongshixia. Located 3 kilometers north of Yulin, Shaanxi Province. Hongshixia red rock confrontation, willow shade, the great wall through the gorge, Yuxi River galloping, known as the Great Wall first scenic spot. Hongshi gorge is about 350 meters long, facing east and West, steep and magnificent. The Yuxi River in the gorge is turbulent, with green trees and beautiful scenery. East Cliff is xiongshan temple, West Cliff is calligraphy stone carving. There are 25 grottoes of different sizes on the East and west walls. The stone carvings of calligraphy on the wall of the West Bank are quite famous. In the old days, Bian Jiang and literati came to Yulin to drink and sing in xiongshan temple, leaving more than 160 precious works of calligraphy art. The characters are about 6 meters in size, and inch in size. The seal, Li, Kai, Xing and Cao are complete, and the strokes are vigorous and vigorous. There are couplets inscribed by Zuo Zongtang, a famous general in the late Qing Dynasty, and couplets inscribed by Du bin, a revolutionary martyr, with vigorous handwriting and extraordinary skill.

On the origin of hongshixia

In the Song Dynasty, Yulin was under the control of Xixia. At that time, there was a spring flowing southward from the cave in Hongshan. Li Jiqian, the king of the Western Xia Dynasty, took a fancy to this geomantic treasure land. He sent people to block the flow of water and dig a stone hole to bury his ancestors and restore the water. Therefore, a monument was erected on the east side of Puji bridge in hongshixia reservoir: "Li Jiqian, king of Xixia, was buried here by Yi Chang." Now the monument has been destroyed.

Another way of saying is that in 1472, Yu Zijun was appointed as governor Du Yushi of Yansui, preparing to build the Great Wall. At that time, in the north of Hongshan, the Qingshui River was full of water. In the middle of Haizi, there lived a group of water thieves who robbed Mongolian and Han people of cattle, sheep, grain and clothing. In order to eliminate the bandits, Yu Zijun sent people to dig a stone canal here to lead Haizi's water into Wuding River from the southwest of Yulin city. After the water retreated, Yu Zijun sent an army to wipe out the bandits. At that time, the stone gorge was called Hongshi gorge, the canal water was called Yuxi River, and the irrigation canal was called Guangze canal.

Artistic and landscape features

In ancient times, scholars and even military generals stationed in Yulin liked to carve inscriptions in hongshixia to express the lofty aspirations of the frontier fortress. Therefore, hongshixia is a great treasure house of calligraphy art of the Great Wall, and we can also see the status of Yulin as an "important town on nine sides" in ancient times. In addition, you can also enjoy the grotto art of the song and Yuan Dynasties. If you are lucky, you can stay until the evening to see the "sunset of red mountain". The red stone gorge is as gorgeous as the sunset. It is one of the famous "Eight Sights of Yulin".

Landscape features

a region , where the cultivation of rice and the breeding of fish flourish

Step out of the ancient city of Yulin, trace the clear flow of Yuxi River to the north. This rich valley is like a green ribbon. The Yuxi River flows slowly and noisily

Splashing past, the valley also lies quietly, allowing people to walk on its beautiful, elastic chest. Yuxi River was called emperor raw water in ancient times. Its source is a spring at Shawo. It meanders from the remote Hetao, with a total length of more than 200 kilometers and a drainage area of 5537 square kilometers. It is the main tributary of Wuding River and the land of fish and rice in Yulin.

Gongcui of three mountains

After about seven or eight kilometers, we arrived at the foot of the red mountain at the mouth of the Great Wall. Chen Zhang, a famous calligrapher in Yulin in the Qing Dynasty, once wrote the plaque of "three mountains arching green", which describes the ancient city of Yulin, with Hongshan in the north, hump in the East and Heishan in the West. Red mountain, red stone, hump, loess hill, heituling, three different colors of the mountain arch guard the emerald green Yulin city. When you get to Hongshan, you can see a tall and handsome Mountain Gate building with the words "hongshixia" engraved on the top of the door. This is the legacy of Mr. Wang Senran, a famous Chinese artist and educator. In his early years, Mr. Wang Senran was a teacher of General Liu Zhidan in Yulin middle school, spreading new culture. Beyond the gate tower, the first thing to come is the ochre cliff facing east and West on both sides. The cliff is full of stone inscriptions and caves. Down along the stone steps at the root of the wall, in the shade, a clear water passes through the gorge, murmuring, wandering in the gorge with double cliffs.

Dragon Nest in jiaoku

The gorge is divided into North and South sections. The two walls of the North gorge are divided into two parts, and the upper part is a natural lake formed by the gathering of the Yuxi River. It floats with gold and silver. A clear current overflows the lake, forming a waterfall that flies straight down, and then goes south through the Xibi grottoes. Standing at the head of the rock, you can only hear the water and rock hitting each other, like a lion roaring, like thunder; the waves rolling, like fog, like clouds; when you climb the entrance of the cave, you suddenly feel the cold air blowing on your face, refreshing people. It has always been known as a spectacle. The entrance of the cave is engraved with four big characters "Dragon Nest of jiaoku", which are eye-catching.

Nanxia

Nanxia, the East Cliff is 12 meters high and 250 meters long, the West Cliff is 18 meters high and 284 meters long. The two walls face each other with two peaks. According to historical records, there are 44 caves. The original stone statues, clay statues, relief stone inscriptions and inscriptions in the caves were created in the Ming Dynasty and destroyed in the "Cultural Revolution" period. At present, there are only 33 large and small grottoes, most of which are distributed in Dongya and only 5 Grottoes in Xiya, but they are not the same in appearance, not in the past. The larger Grottoes include Notre Dame hall, Daxiong hall, Guanyin hall, Shifo hall, Yuanjue hall, shuifo hall, CIREN hall, xiaoxumi hall, Yuanqin hall, etc. except for individual statues, murals and inscriptions have disappeared.

Stone carvings

In the East and west of the gorge, except for the grottoes, there are 185 inscriptions on cliffs of different sizes since the Chenghua year of the Ming Dynasty, including 126 inscriptions on Dongya. The larger ones are 4 meters square, and the smaller ones are only 0.03 meters square. The length and width of the inscriptions range from 1.8 to 44.8 square meters. There are 84 inscriptions (54 in Dongya and 30 in Xiya) in stone inscriptions, such as poem inscription, merit recording, Ji you, scenery metaphor and emotion expression. In October 1537, Zhang bingbei, deputy envoy of Yansui Town, engraved on Dongya the victory of Ji's attack on Ta Tan, and the victory of Chu's victory in Hongxia. In 1547, Wang Rumei, governor of sanbian, inscribed on the poem. In 1581, Wang Rumei, governor of Wanli, inscribed on the poem In 1583, Li Chunguang, the vice envoy of the army, inscribed the Great Wall, in 1599, the Governor Chen Xingxue inscribed the Xiongshi Fengguan, in 1616, the Governor Liu minkuan inscribed the Huayi graben. In addition, there are also those praising the beautiful situation of Hongshi gorge, such as "Yuji cliff", "Zhonghua Tianzhu", "tianwaiqifeng", "Chaohai Penglai", "Kaiyuan picture", "Tiancheng xiongxiu", etc.; there are also those describing the danger of military status, such as "desert golden soup", "Changtian tieduo", "Tianbian keylock", "Xiongzhen Sanqin", "Yuguan xiongshan", "Weizhen Jiubian", etc.; and Those expressing national unity and national unity include "returning our mountains and rivers", "unification of China and foreign countries", "Mongolian and Han families", etc. In the Qing Dynasty, the calligrapher Chen Zhang in Yulin wrote "three mountains arch green" and Zuo Zongtang wrote "Yuxi resort". More Mongolian stone carving, red stone gorge cliff stone carving soul treasure.

The calligraphy of various schools is brilliant. The big characters are 6 meters long, and the small ones are less than inch square. They are complete in Zhen, Cao, Li and Zhuan, and there are rare Mongolian stone carvings. Especially in the period of the great revolution, Du Bincheng, Liu Zhidan and other teachers and students of Yulin middle school inscribed "turn the tide" and the Anti Japanese national hero General Ma Zhanshan wrote "return my River and mountain" in his own handwriting when he was stationed in Yulin, which expressed the Patriots' lofty aspirations of protecting the territory and revitalizing China. In the late Qing Dynasty, Zuo Zongtang, a general, wrote the couplet "Yuxi resort" and the couplet "when the clouds are clear as the moon, the yellow and Tang Dynasties are independent and the ancient are new". Wang Senran, a famous educator, calligrapher and painter, and Liu Zhidan's teacher, carved the three characters "hongshixia" on the pavilion, adding luster to the historic site. The rich and varied stone carvings in hongshixia are worthy of the Great Wall calligraphy.

Dongya

Hongshixia East Cliff has song and Yuan Dynasty ancient temple xiongshan temple. The gate of the temple is in the south of the gorge, with stone steps inside. The temple is close to the mountain and water, with compound eaves and buildings, pavilions and pavilions facing each other. There are about ten caves carved on the cliff. There are "Tianmen" and "dimen", both tunnels. "Tianmen" from the temple to the top of the gorge, there is a pavilion called "Cuiran Pavilion". Climbing up the steps from the stone cliff, standing on the top of the gorge overlooking the Guangze canal in the temple, you can see the shade of the water garden, just like a picture. "Dimen" leads from the temple to the Bank of Yuxi River at the bottom of the gorge. There are stone Buddha statues in the temple with exquisite craftsmanship. The Pudu bridge on both sides of the gorge flies from east to west, like a rainbow. In the gorge, the trees are green, the flowers are blooming, the water is clear, and the scenery is pleasant. When the setting sun shines in the west, it is like a red glow rising, so it is called "red mountain sunset", which is one of the eight scenic spots in Yulin.

Mingguan frontier fortress

Hongshixia is a famous frontier fortress,

Chinese PinYin : Hong Shi Xia