Ailao Mountain Natural Reserve

Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve

synonym

Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve generally refers to Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve

Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in the upper part of the middle and north section of Ailao Mountains in Central Yunnan Province. It is located at the junction of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountain and the southern edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Its geographical coordinates are between 100 ° 44 ′～ 101 ° 30 ′ E and 23 ° 36 ′～ 24 ° 56 ′ n. the reserve is about 130 km long from north to south, 4 ～ 9 km wide from east to West in the south, and more than 20 km wide from east to West in the northern Nanhua area The main peak is Ailao Mountain, with an altitude of 3166 meters.

Ailaoshan Nature Reserve is located in Chuxiong, Shuangbai, Jingdong, Zhenyuan and Xinping counties of Yunnan Province. It is a forest ecosystem nature reserve. The purpose of this study is to protect the subtropical middle mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem and the precious wild animals such as black gibbon, Green Peacock and grey leaf monkey.

In March 1986, the provincial nature reserve was officially established. In May 1988, a National Nature Reserve was established.

Historical evolution

In 1981, the people's Government of Yunnan Province determined that the planned protected area is 436494 mu.

In March 1986, the provincial nature reserve was officially established. The area of the reserve is 219900 mu.

On May 21, 1988, the State Council designated it as a national nature reserve.

geographical environment

position

Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province is located in the upper part of the middle and north part of Ailao Mountain range in the middle of Yunnan Province. It is located at the junction of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountain and the southern edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, involving three prefectures (cities) and six counties (cities) in Yunnan Province, including Jingdong Yi Autonomous County, Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County in Pu'er City, and Xinping Yi Dai Autonomous County in Yuxi City And Shuangbai County, Chuxiong City and Nanhua County of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The geographical coordinates are 100 ° 44 ′ - 101 ° 30 ′ E and 23 ° 36 ′ - 24 ° 56 ′ n. It belongs to forest ecosystem type nature reserve. The reserve is about 130 km long from north to south, 4-9 km wide from east to West in the south, and more than 20 km wide from east to West in the northern Nanhua area, with a total area of 67700 hm2. The main peak is Ailao Mountain, with an altitude of 3166 meters.

climate

Ailao Mountain is the dividing line between Yuanjiang River and Mojiang River, Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountains. It is also the natural barrier of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau climate and the South extension branch of Yunling mountain. It starts from the south of Dali Prefecture and ends at the south of Honghe Prefecture. It is nearly 1000 kilometers long, with an altitude of more than 2000 meters. There are nine peaks with an altitude of more than 3000 meters, and the main peak is 3166 meters. The main functions of Ailao Mountain in climate are as follows: in winter, the weak cold air is blocked by the mountain, and the strong cold air is at the end of the storm after passing over the mountain; when the southwest warm and humid air flows eastward, it is blocked by the mountain, resulting in more precipitation in the West and south of Ailao Mountain than in the East, higher temperature than in the east of the same latitude and altitude, and less winter cold wave invasion than in the East. Due to the large relative elevation difference of the mountain, the vertical distribution of climate is obvious. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, the climate is in the order of south subtropics, middle subtropics, North subtropics, warm temperate zone, temperate zone and cold temperate zone.

Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in the intersection of East Asian monsoon tropics, South Asian monsoon tropics and Hengduan Mountains of Qinghai Tibet. It is the boundary between East-West monsoon climate of Yunnan Province and climate of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It effectively blocked the southwest warm and humid air flow from Bengal to the north. When the air flow moved here, the temperature decreased, which was conducive to condensing precipitation. After the air flow crossed Ailao Mountain, the humidity decreased and the temperature increased. Therefore, in the Ailao Mountain area with an altitude of 2800 meters or so, the annual precipitation is 2200 mm. In the northern foot of Ailao Mountain area with an altitude of 900 meters or less, the annual average rainfall is 800-900 mm. The Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve is the confluence of East Asia and South Asia, Himalayas and Indo Burma flora. Many animals come from south to North and enter from east to west. In the long-term process of adaptation and evolution, each has its own place. Together with the local species, it forms the present animal and forest plant communities, and retains the complete original appearance.

hydrology

The rivers in the reserve belong to the Yuanjiang (Honghe) river system. There are two sources of Yuanjiang River: the West source originates from the maocaoshao Watershed at the junction of Weishan and Dali, and the East source originates from the mountains in the southwest of Xiangyun. Yuanjiang River flows southward after its origin, converges at the junction of Nanjian and Midu, turns eastward, and then flows southeast through Nanhua, Chuxiong, Shuangbai, Xinping, Yuanjiang and Honghe counties, leaves Hekou County, flows into Vietnam, and finally flows into Beibu Gulf. Lishe River (also known as GASA River and Shiyang River) is the main stream of the upper reaches of Yuanjiang River in the East, and Zhegan River and BABIAN River in the West. They are two tributaries of Lixian River. Lishe River, Zhegan River and Chuanhe River have about 50 tributaries in the nature reserve. They intersect with the main stream at a large angle, forming a pinnate or lattice water system. They have the characteristics of mountainous rivers, and the river cutting is relatively small It is rich in water resources. There are obvious differences between the rivers originated in the west of the middle of Ailao Mountain and the rivers in the East. The tributaries in the East mostly originate from the eastern Yunnan Plateau, with long rivers and large drainage area; the tributaries in the West mostly originate from the mountains in the middle of Ailao Mountain, which are short and small, but the river drop is large, the flow is fast, and there are many rapids, falls and waterfalls.

Area range

Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve ranges from the southeast corner (at the junction of Heping Township in Zhenyuan County and Jiasa town in Xinping County) along both sides of the main ridge of Ailao Mountain to Majie street in Nanhua County. On the west slope, there are Jingdong and Zhenyuan administration branches, on the east slope, there are Xinping, Shuangbai and Chuxiong administration branches, and on the northwest side, Nanhua administration branch. The total area of the whole region is 67700hm2, including 308689hm2 in Shuangbai area.

Protected objects

Protected objects

Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve aims at protecting subtropical humid evergreen forest ecosystem, important water conservation, and precious wild animals such as black armed monkey and Green Peacock.

① Plant resources are rich in species and complex in composition.

There are 1482 species of higher plants (belonging to 207 families and 720 genera) in the nature reserve. There are 17 species of wild plants under state protection, such as Ilex, litchi, Aesculus yunnanensis, Cupressus chinensis, Keteleeria glyptostroboides and Renmu.

② There are many forest types which are dominated by endemic species in Yunnan. The number of endemic species in Yunnan forest ranks first in China, especially in Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve. In the existing forest types, the main forest types are endemic to Yunnan or species with Yunnan as the distribution center, such as Castanopsis fissa forest, Lithocarpus glauca forest, hemlock coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, etc.

③ Obvious vertical landscape of mountain vegetation. The plant types of Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve not only show the vegetation characteristics of horizontal climate zone, but also reflect the vertical distribution characteristics of vegetation in the middle subtropical zone, which is very rich in Yunnan characteristics. East slope: below 800 meters above sea level, there is a dry hot valley shrub and grass belt; 800-1200 meters above sea level, there is a dry evergreen broad-leaved forest belt; 1200-2400 meters above sea level, there is a semi humid evergreen broad-leaved forest and Pinus yunnanensis forest belt; 2400-3000 meters above sea level, there is a middle mountain humid evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest belt; 2800-3100 meters above sea level, there is an evergreen broad-leaved moss low forest belt; and over 3000 meters above sea level, there is a subalpine forest belt Shrub belt. West Slope: the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest and Simao Pine forest belt are below 2200 meters above sea level; the middle mountain humid evergreen broad-leaved forest belt is between 2200 and 2800 meters above sea level; the evergreen broad-leaved moss low forest belt is between 2800 and 3000 meters above sea level; the subalpine Rhododendron shrub belt is above 3000 meters above sea level.

④ A complete and stable forest ecosystem. The nature reserve is far away from residential areas and is rarely disturbed by human activities. The original evergreen broad-leaved forest with an area of 33000 hectares is rare in China. It is rich in plant species and has a humid habitat. It is known as "temperate rainforest" and has a huge role in water conservation. The two foothills of Ailao Mountain are famous grain and cash crop areas. One of its important production conditions is to rely on forest for water conservation and water regulation. There are more than 100 species of animals in Ailao Mountain, including long armed black monkey, short tailed monkey and Francois langur. There are 323 species of birds, including 260 species of resident birds and 63 species of travelers and migrants, which are important passage for migratory birds. There are 39 species of reptiles, among which Bufo jingdongensis and Bufo Ailao are endemic to Ailao Mountain.

Botany

In the division of flora, Yunnan is in the convergence zone of Pan Arctic flora and Paleotropical flora, and Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve is in the transitional zone of North-South crisscross. It belongs to pan Arctic flora, China Himalayan forest flora and Yunnan Plateau community. According to the floristic analysis data of "report collection of comprehensive investigation of Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve" and "report of comprehensive scientific investigation of Nanhua Zhongshan Provincial Nature Reserve in the northern section of Ailao Mountain in Yunnan Province", there are 1813 species of vascular plants belonging to 720 genera and 207 families. Among them, there are 446 species of ferns, 118 genera, 48 families; 20 species of gymnosperms, 12 genera, 7 families; 1347 species of angiosperms, 647 genera, 165 families. Among many plant resources, there are national key protected wild plants

Chinese PinYin : Ai Lao Shan Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu