Ancient tombs in Baling mountain

Ancient tombs in Baling mountain

The ancient tombs in Baling mountain are 8 kilometers long from north to South and 5 kilometers wide from east to west, covering a total area of more than 40 square kilometers. There are more than 560 large-scale, large-scale and medium-sized tombs in the mound, most of which are Chu tombs, followed by Ming fan tombs. Many tombs perch on the top of the mountain, just like a mountain peak, forming a spectacular spectacle of Baling mountain. According to historical records, the tomb of King Chuzhuang is in the mountains, and there are dozens of tombs in front of and behind it. The tombs of Ming fan, Liao Jian king, Su, Jing, Hui, Gong, Zhuang and many other kings are all in Shanbei.

Baling mountain tomb group, there are pingtouzhong, change hat platform, drop hat platform, mabaoquan and other scenic spots. Baling mountain is now a National Forest Park, with towering trees, pines and clouds in the tea sea. It has a magnificent and deep victory, so it is said that "less than baling mountain, not Jingzhou".

geographical position

Balingshan ancient tombs are located in Balingshan National Forest Park, 20km northwest of Jingzhou Ancient City, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. Baling mountain, also known as Longshan. The scenery here is beautiful. It has been proved that there are 498 large-scale ancient tombs in fengtudui.

There are 467 large and medium-sized sealed Mound Tombs in Balingshan ancient tombs group. There are countless other unsealed Mound Tombs, the most famous of which are Chu tombs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and fan Wang tombs in the Ming Dynasty. According to historical records, "the tomb of King Zhuang of Chu is in Longshan Township on the west side of the city" and "ten tombs were buried with him before and after, all in rows.".

The tombs of the Five Dynasties "Nanping Wuxin Wang gaojixing tomb, Wenxue Wang gaoconghui tomb, Shanyi Wang gaobaorong tomb" were all in Longshan. The Ming Dynasty "Liao Jian Wang tomb northwest baling mountain, Songzi Anhui Wang tomb, Yiyang Anxi Wang tomb, Mayang mourning Xi Wang tomb, Yingshan mourning Gong Wang tomb, Zhijiang Zhuang Huiwang tomb" were all in Baling mountain. "Suwang Guishou tomb, Jingwang Haosheng tomb, Huiwang Enji tomb, Gongwang Chongshou tomb All the tombs of King Zhige are in Baling mountain.

Historical records

According to historical records, Ji Nancheng was the capital of the state of Chu in 411 years from King Wen's "first capital Ying" (689 BC) to general Baiqi's "poying" of the state of Chu in Qin BC. The tombs of the king of Chu and high-ranking nobles should be not far away from Chu. Considering other materials, baling mountain may be one of the burial sites of the royal family of Chu.

In the ancient tombs of Baling mountain, there are also the tombs of Ming Dynasty vassal kings. This is not only well recorded in the history of Ming Dynasty, but also the official excavation of Zhu Zhi's Tomb of Ming Dynasty King Liao Jian. Because the tomb was seriously damaged as early as the end of Ming Dynasty, the layout of the cemetery was also destroyed, and most of the funerary objects were lost, so there are few cultural relics left.

The tomb group lasted for 2000 years from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Excavation

Although the large-scale ancient tombs in the baling mountain group have only rescued and excavated the tombs of King Jian of Ming and Liao dynasties, especially the large-scale Chu tombs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, no one has been excavated so far. It is unclear about the layout of the ancient tombs in the baling mountain area, the shape of the tombs, the burial utensils, and the burial customs. In ancient times, there are also records of the Qin general Baiqi burning the first king's tomb after "poying" According to the relevant results of square materials and modern geophysical exploration technology, the large and medium-sized Chu tombs in Baling mountain area are well preserved. Their historical value, artistic value, research value and scientific value are in the south of China, only this case.

Formation period

The Chu culture in the South and the Central Plains culture in the North constitute the two major origins of the formation and development of the Chinese nation. Chu culture plays an extremely important role in the formation of a multi-ethnic unified state of the Chinese nation. According to the known excavation results and historical records, Chu first realized the unification and national integration in the vast territory of South China, absorbing the resources from Wuling in the south, wuhui in the East and wuhui in the West The outstanding achievements created by the ancestors of all ethnic groups in Bashu created Chu culture, which was side by side with the ancient Greek culture. However, it is hard to tell the level of development of Chu culture, because no tomb of the king of Chu has been excavated so far. Especially the Chu Tomb of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty on baling mountain is still a mystery.

According to historical records, the state of Chu "has a place of five thousand li and a belt of one million". The capital of the state of Chu is Ji'nan City, 5 km to the east of Baling mountain, which has lasted for 411 years. In the surrounding hills and hills with Ji'nan City as the center, and in the mountains of Baling mountain, ji'shan mountain, Mashan mountain and Yutai mountain, there is a dense area of ancient tombs distributed in belts. There are 20 kings of Chu successively Taking Jinan City as their capital, so the mausoleums of the king of Chu and the senior nobles of Chu should be distributed in this belt like area.

According to the current survey data, the largest earth mound tomb (the diameter and height of the existing grave mound) is on the eight Ridge Mountain (such as ping TSE Ting, Feng Jiazhong, etc.). The tomb of Chu king in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty should be in the high earth level (80 m) height of the sealed earth burial tombs. Accordingly, the eight Ridge Mountain tombs will be declared the third batch of national key cultural relics as the Chu king tombs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Protection of the unit.

unearthed relic

Since no large Chu tomb has been excavated in Baling mountain area, we know nothing about the layout of the cemetery, the shape of the tomb, the burial custom and the burial utensils. However, compared with the excavated Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng, a small country affiliated to the state of Chu, the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng is a wooden coffin with an area of 260 square meters. It was buried in the 56th year of Xiong Zhang, King Hui of Chu Jade, weapons, gold, ritual instruments, lacquerware and bamboo slips are of superior quality and quantity. Among the large-scale ancient tombs excavated in the pre Qin period, the chime bells and the inscriptions with more than 10000 characters on the chime bells can be regarded as a pearl in the world's art treasure house. If the tomb of the king of Chu is larger than that of Marquis Yi Zeng, the funerary objects will surely be far better than that of Marquis Yi Zeng.

Second, the unearthed cultural relics of the small and medium-sized tombs of the state of Chu in the vicinity of Baling mountain are of high historical, artistic and scientific research value. For example, the No.1 Chu Tomb of Mashan brick and tile factory in the vicinity of Baling mountain is only a small tomb, which unearthed a large number of silk products and is famous all over the world. The king of Yue Gou Jian sword unearthed from No.1 Tomb of Wangshan mountain is a fine weapon of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, as well as a large number of exquisite burial objects Lacquerware such as double phoenix hanging drum, painted mandarin duck and bean, double fish ear cup and painted wood carving frog snake dragon phoenix seat screen, etc.

Great significance

In the 1930s, Chu cultural relics were unearthed unscientificly in Shouxian County, Changsha and other places. However, the research on Chu culture has just begun for more than 70 years. In addition, due to the conscious destruction of Chu culture in the process of unification of Qin state, there are not many historical records and descriptions of Chu culture. People only have the impression of Lao Zhuang philosophy, Chu Ci, Lisao and the hegemony of Chu Zhuang king. Up to now, the splendid Chu culture may only reveal the tip of the iceberg. Many unknown Chu history and scientific and artistic achievements may be buried in the secluded ancient tombs in the ancient tombs of Baling mountain. Many outstanding historical questions need to be answered. Therefore, the historical status and scientific research value of the ancient tombs in Baling mountain for the study of the formation and development of China's multi-ethnic unified country, especially Chu culture, is second to none in all the ancient tombs in southern China.

Introduction to scenic spots

Liaowang Tomb scenic area, located in the national key cultural relics protection unit baling mountain ancient tombs group (see baling Mountain National Forest Park), is a famous historical and cultural relics tourist attraction in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, 22 kilometers away from Jingzhou City. Because of its superior terrain, beautiful scenery and good geomantic omen, most of the kings who were in Jingzhou (Jiangling) were buried here, and the kings of past dynasties took it as the geomantic omen treasure land for burial. According to historical records, Zhu Zhi, the king of Liao bamboo slips, was born to Han, the concubine of Zhu Yuanzhang. In the second year of Yongle (1404 A.D.), Zhu Bai (the twelfth son of Zhu Yuanzhang), the king of Xiang Xian, built a palace (Taihui Temple) one kilometer northwest of Jingzhou City, which exceeded the standard. When the Ming Dynasty investigated, the whole family of the king of Xiang Xian set themselves on fire in E mountain of guannanxi. The king of Liao was renamed Jingzhou Prefecture. In March of the first year of Hongxi (1425 AD), he died in Jiangling and was buried in Baling mountain. The tombs of the king of Liao are well preserved

It was built in the way of earth construction in the north. The upper part of the courtyard wall was covered with large-scale tubular tiles and the eaves were made of pattern bricks with rolled grass. The perimeter of the courtyard wall is 837 meters and the height is about 1.5 meters. The whole tomb area covers an area of more than 60 mu. The tomb is a brick and stone structure with the shape of "Wang", which is divided into five chambers. The top of the tomb is arched. The wall skirt of the tomb is made of polished bricks with exquisite workmanship. The indoor floor is paved with ceramic tiles.

The total area of the tomb is 102 square meters. The front, middle and main hall of the tomb are also equipped with large stone doors and two wooden doors with nine rows and nine rows of stone studs. The tomb road is 17 meters long. There is an epitaph standing in front of the door of the tomb. It is divided into two parts, with four circular copper strips in the middle and three iron hoops.

The cover is engraved with six characters of "Tomb of the king of Liao bamboo slips", and the bottom is engraved with the life of the king of Liao bamboo slips. The whole epitaph was sealed with bricks.

Underground palace

In 1987, cultural relics archaeologists excavated and cleared the tomb of Ming and Liao kings at the southern foot of Baling mountain. The king of Liao is Zhu Zhi, the fourteenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of Ming Dynasty.

It was renamed in Jingzhou in 1404 and buried in Baling mountain in 1425. The tomb covers an area of more than 60 mu. The chamber is made of brick and stone, with the shape of "King", and has five chambers. The total area of the tomb is 102 square meters. The five rooms are arched roofs. The skirting is made of polished bricks with fine workmanship. The interior floor is paved with ceramic square bricks. The front room is equipped with a large stone door with nine rows and nine rows of stone studs. There are two wooden doors between the front room and the middle room, and between the middle room and the back room. The road of the tomb is 17 meters long, and there is an epitaph in front of the door of the chamber. The scale and pattern of the king's Tomb of Liao are the same

Chinese PinYin : Ba Ling Shan Gu Mu Qun