Jiuliandun Warring States tomb

Jiuliandun Warring States tomb

Jiuliandun ancient tombs of Warring States period are located in dongzhaohu village, Wudian Town, Zaoyang City, Hubei Province. They are composed of 9 large and medium-sized tombs sealed with earth mounds. They are provincial cultural relics protection units. This ancient tomb is the tomb of the middle and late Warring States period and the heyday of Chu state. It is the best preserved Tomb of Chu excavated in China, and the largest Tomb of husband and wife found in Hubei. The specifications of the tomb are all above Fengjun.

Basic introduction

Ancient tombs are being excavated. Judging from the excavation, there is the largest, best preserved and most spectacular Chema pit discovered so far in China. Some of the unearthed cultural relics include a surprising number of chariots, and the wheel teeth, chariot frame, chariot Shi, screen mud, etc. are basically well preserved, and the paint and decorations on the body are clearly visible. This tomb is still a rare burial with a real horse, and the bones of the horse are well preserved.

Experts believe that this ancient tomb is another important archaeological discovery in China after the Liye Qin Bamboo Slips in Hunan Province. The identification of the whole tomb owner can only be judged after the comprehensive identification and research of the unearthed cultural relics of the tomb.

Zaoyang has a long history. In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty established Caiyang County, the Han Dynasty established Zhangling County, and the Northern Wei Dynasty established Guangchang county. In the first year of Renshou, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Guangchang county was changed to Zaoyang county (the name of Zaoyang is still used today) to withdraw the county and build a city in 1988. It took more than 1300 years. The long history endows the people of Zaoyang with industrious and brave character. Under the policy of enriching the people of the party and after 20 years of reform and opening up, Zaoyang has made remarkable achievements, with steady development of industry and agriculture and comprehensive progress of social undertakings. In 1998, the total output value of industry and agriculture of the whole city reached 11.11 billion yuan, and the gross national product (GNP) of the whole city reached 10 billion yuan The financial revenue is 4223.6 billion yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers is 2711 yuan, which has become a pearl of the hillock land in Northern Hubei.

cultural heritage

1、 On a large scale. Jiuliandun ancient tomb is the largest Chu tomb excavated in Hubei Province. No.1 tomb was excavated. A 52 meter long and 12 meter wide Chema pit with 33 vehicles was found. This is the largest and best preserved Chema pit in China so far, including a six horse cart with the same respect as Emperor Zhou. According to experts' analysis, the owner of the tomb was a king of Chu. The higher the level and identity of the owner of the tomb, the greater the possibility of unearthed precious cultural relics.

2、 It's relatively well preserved and almost never stolen. Archaeologists found a straight hole in the sealing layer of tomb No. 1, but there was no trace of tomb theft on the cover plate of the coffin chamber, so it was speculated that the possibility of theft was very small. Tomb 2, which is suspected to be the wife of the owner of tomb 1, is well preserved. Chu people have a tradition of thick burial. The chime bells, which shocked the world, were unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in Suizhou near Zaoyang. The silk, which has been well preserved for thousands of years, was unearthed from the tomb of Chu in Jingzhou. There is a great possibility that a large number of high-level cultural relics will be unearthed from the ancient tomb of jiuliandun, which has not been "harassed".

3、 There are many mysteries. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, there have been many achievements in the study of Chu culture. More than 6000 Chu tombs have been excavated from Changsha tombs in the 1950s to Jiangling tombs in the 1960s and 1970s. The accumulation of archaeologists has a deep research on the connotation and stages of Chu culture, and the regularity has been found, which provides knowledge support for the excavation of jiuliandun ancient tomb. According to the excavation and the previous excavation experience of Chu tombs, there are usually bronze, lacquerware, jade, textiles, musical instruments and even bamboo slips unearthed. However, archaeology sometimes plays tricks on people, sometimes excavates with great hope, but the discovery is mediocre. This kind of contingency and unpredictability is also an important reason to attract people's attention.

Yin Weizhang, a researcher at the Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that although there are abundant historical documents in China, due to political needs and other reasons, there are inevitably various deviations in the literature. Archaeology is an empirical science. It is a supplement and amendment to historical documents to study why things in the society at that time were appreciated by the tomb owners and make a comprehensive analysis. Who is the owner of the tomb? Why are there these tombs in Zaoyang? Is the tomb a couple's tomb or a group tomb? If a large number of high-grade bronze ritual vessels are unearthed to show the identity of the tomb owner, it will help people solve these mysteries and greatly enrich and promote the study of Chu culture. However, archaeology often solves a problem and brings forward and discovers more new problems. What puzzles can jiuliandun ancient tomb help people solve? What new mysteries will be added that make experts and scholars puzzled? All these need to be further explored.

Historical legend

Zaoyang county annals have "Zaoyang southeast, there are several big graves..." There are few records, but the chapter of "Tomb" in the county annals is more detailed: "in Daoguang Jiachen (author's note: ad 1844), there was an ancient tomb on the North Bank of gunhe River in wujiadian, which the villagers looked down on. The brick wall was several feet long, and there were three Yuanmen, which were blocked inside. This is the so-called tunnel in ancient times. It's not suitable for non princes to have this system. I heard that there are so many places like wujindian nearby. "

There is also a popular saying among the people. It is said that in ancient times, there was a clean and honest minister who was upright and upright. He offended many corrupt officials and was regarded as a thorn in the flesh by corrupt officials. Once the emperor was not happy because he faced the admonition directly. The corrupt officials took this opportunity to frame him up. In a rage, the emperor beheaded the minister. Corrupt officials immediately destroyed the head of the minister in order to solve their hatred. Afterwards, the emperor awoke, regretted that he had killed his loyal minister by mistake, and ordered the minister to be buried. However, the head of the minister could no longer be found. In order to give the minister a whole body, the emperor ordered to cast a gold head for him. In order not to let the robbers steal the golden head, the emperor ordered that nine identical tombs be built on the night of the minister's burial.

From Xinglong to wudian, there are nine tombs in a row, stretching for five kilometers. Because these tombs are built on the mountain, standing on any one of the nine tombs, you can see other tombs in turn.

Xiaoxiang expressway, which is under construction, just passes through here. Xiaoxiang expressway is an important side of the main framework of Hubei "big triangle" expressway. It passes through 7 counties (cities and districts) of Xiaogan, Suizhou and Xiangfan, with a total length of 243 km. In order to avoid jiuliandun cemetery, experts thought of many ways, but they still passed right above the attached Tomb of No. 1 Main tomb, so they had to excavate it.

In 1992, jiuliandun tomb group was listed as a provincial key cultural relic.

Introduction to scenic spots

The experts of cemetery architecture found a wall base on the south, North and south sides of No. 1 tomb and No. 2 tomb respectively. The width of the foundation of the wall on the south side and the north side of tomb No. 1 is about 3.5m and 3.2m respectively, and the distance between the two foundation sites is about 40m. The width of the base of the wall on the south side of tomb No. 2 is about 2.7 meters, and the distance from the base of the wall on the north side of tomb No. 1 is about 7 meters. In front of the tomb path, there is a square shallow pit which is obviously burned. It is charcoal black. It may be a special place for Chu people to sacrifice. This is rare in the excavation of Chu tombs in the past. According to the preliminary judgment of experts, these three wall bases are the remains of the cemetery buildings.

North room of tomb No.2, jiuliandun, Jinsheng Yuzhen. The falling chime bells, more than 2000 years ago, are neatly hung on the cross beam of the tomb; the chime bells, which have been excavated for thousands of years and experienced many vicissitudes of life, are "sleeping" at the bottom of the tomb.

Following the discovery of a complete set of chimes, archaeologists found a complete set of chimes. There are all kinds of bells and chimes. The heavy and cold bells and chimes bring people back to the dust laden millennium ago. Once intoxicated with the "golden sound and jade vibration" of the princes and nobles of the state of Chu, he "appeared" in the ancient tombs through time and space, so that today's people are lucky to appreciate the lingering charm of the ancient music palace.

According to on-site experts, ancient music has "eight tones", including gold, stone, silk, wood, earth, leather, Pao and bamboo. Gold refers to bronze casting instruments represented by bells, stone refers to stone instruments represented by chimes, silk refers to string instruments such as Zheng and Se, bamboo refers to bamboo instruments such as panxiao, earth refers to soil instruments such as Cuan, wood refers to Sheng, leather refers to drum, etc. "Bayin" is often referred to as "Jinshi". Gold and stone respectively take the bell and chime as an example, the bell is vigorous, the chime is clear, that is to say "golden sound and jade vibration". "Guoyu · Chuyu" has a complete record of "Bayin" of Chu state.

According to the preliminary arrangement of archaeologists, 18 chimes have been found in tomb 2. Two round wooden chime bases unearthed together with the chime have bright paint marks on them, and the patterns are still visible. Two unique wooden chime hammers were also found in the tomb, one of which was well preserved, the other with damaged handle. The chimes are scattered on the ground, and several of them have been broken.

A set of 34 chime bells were unearthed from tomb No. 1 of jiuliandun. The number and scale of chime bells are the third in the Chu series after the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng and tomb No. 2 of leigudun in Suizhou. According to Professor Li Youping of Wuhan Conservatory of music, who participated in the archaeological excavation, this set of chimes has 34 pieces in total, arranged in three layers. Experts initially identified a few as "practical devices" that have been tuned. A total of 14 chime bells were unearthed from tomb No. 2, all of which were "practical instruments" with adjustable rhythms.

Professor Li Youping, an expert in live music archaeology, said that bells can be divided into three categories: button bell, Yong bell and Yi bell. They have an irreversible combination from big to small, so they are called chimes. Among the eight tones, the most popular is the bell. As a kind of musical instrument, the bell also became a ritual instrument of Chu state and a symbol of royal power. Chu people used to cast a large number of bells, and

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