Qingdao shanpaotai site

The fort site of Qingdao mountain was built in 1899 by the invading German army. It is composed of the South and North Fort and the underground central headquarters of the German "Qingdao fortress". It is one of the nine permanent Fort invading the German army. It is the location of the general military headquarters and was once called "the most important one of Qingdao fort" by the German army. When the first World War broke out in 1914, Japan took the opportunity to declare war on Germany, and Qingdao became the only battlefield in Asia. The Japanese and German armies had a fierce artillery battle in Qingdao mountain. Before the German army was defeated and surrendered, they blew up the South and North Fort by themselves, but the underground headquarters was relatively intact. The total area of the headquarters is about 2000 square meters, with more than 50 halls and rooms. Most of the headquarters have three-dimensional structure, and some of them have five floors. The cast iron rotating watch tower is installed on the top of the tower, which can comprehensively observe and master the situation of ships entering and leaving Jiaozhou Bay. There are two reservoirs inside, which can guarantee the fighting and living water for more than 2000 officers and soldiers for three months. 　　

In terms of architectural layout, it is divided into three areas: Combat Command, living hygiene and logistics support. There are also generator room, boiler room, water pump room, meeting room, weapon room, confidential room, dining room, health room, bathroom, guard room, service room, secret escape channel, etc. The three well preserved iron gates have the functions of bulletproof, antivirus and waterproof. At that time, the German army used the construction method of splitting, pouring and backfilling to build it. It was also equipped with waterproof and moisture-proof isolation belt. Qingdao mountain Fort site is not only a historical witness of German imperialist invasion and occupation of Qingdao, but also a classic work of underground military architecture. With its large scale, complex structure and complete functions, it was the first in Asia at that time, but now it is the only one left in China. It was used by Germany, Japan and the US Army. 　　

After liberation, it was a combat readiness command post of a Navy Department. It was handed over to the local government in 1992 and restored and opened to the outside world on November 14, 1997.

Qingdao shanpaotai site

After Qingdao was set up in 1891, the Qing army built the fort in this mountain. After that, several of them changed their masters.

In 1997, the Qingdao municipal government invested in the restoration of the "German fortress underground headquarters" and built an exhibition hall at the foot of the mountain, which fully reflects the 100 year history of Qingdao.

After several years of development and construction, it has become a national 3A tourist attraction, a national key cultural relic protection unit, a patriotic education base and a national defense education base in Shandong Province. It is a cultural landscape integrating education and tourism.

Introduction to architecture

The fort site of Qingdao mountain was built in 1899 by the invading German army.

It is composed of the South and North Fort and the underground central headquarters of the German "Qingdao fortress". It is one of the nine permanent Fort invading the German army. It is the location of the general military headquarters and was once called "the most important one of Qingdao fort" by the German army.

When the first World War broke out in 1914, Japan took the opportunity to declare war on Germany, and Qingdao became the only battlefield in Asia. The Japanese and German armies had a fierce artillery battle in Qingdao mountain. Before the German army was defeated and surrendered, they blew up the South and North battery by themselves, but the underground headquarters was relatively intact

.

The total area of the headquarters is about 2000 square meters, with more than 50 halls and rooms. Most of the headquarters have three-dimensional structure, and some of them have five floors.

The cast iron rotating watch tower is installed on the top of the tower, which can comprehensively observe and master the situation of ships entering and leaving Jiaozhou Bay.

There are two reservoirs inside, which can guarantee the fighting and living water for more than 2000 officers and soldiers for three months.

Architectural layout features

In terms of architectural layout, it is divided into three areas: Combat Command, living hygiene and logistics support.

There are also generator room, boiler room, water pump room, meeting room, weapon room, confidential room, dining room, health room, bathroom, guard room, service room, secret escape channel, etc.

The three well preserved iron gates have the functions of bulletproof, antivirus and waterproof. At that time, the German army used the construction method of splitting, pouring and backfilling to build it. It was also equipped with waterproof and moisture-proof isolation belts

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strategic role

Qingdao mountain, also known as Jingshan. From the perspective of mountain environment, Qingdao mountain is not only the highest and most unobstructed mountain in Qianhai area, but also the best commanding height in the areas of Qingdao Bay in the south, Taitung in the north, Sifang and Houhai. Therefore, in the early strategic situation map of Qingdao, no one can shake the central position of Qingdao mountain.

The importance of the strategic position of Qingdao mountain fort can be proved by the fact that both the Qing government and the German Army established the fort here. After the German invasion, this mountain was called "Bismarck mountain", and a permanent fort was set up in the north and south of the mountain, named "Bismarck fort", which was named after Germany's "iron Prime Minister". There are four field guns in the South Fort, two field guns and two mechanism guns in the North Fort. The South and North fortresses are located at the dangerous rock on the hillside, and they are high. The East and Taiping mountain, and the northwest and shuichushan fortresses form a barrier to protect the urban area.

Qingdao mountain Fort underground command post was built by the invading German army in 1899. It took six years to build by 500 Chinese laborers. It is called "Qingdao mountain fort" together with the South and North Fort. It guards Haikou of Qingdao, overlooks the urban area of Qingdao, and is responsible for the defense command task of Qingdao. It is called "the most important part of Qingdao fort" by the invading German army.

In the early days of the Japanese German war, the fort "made great achievements" in fighting back against the Japanese army. Later, the German army was forced to surrender to the Japanese army because of the shortage of troops. The German army "blew up the fort in spite of indignation", and only part of it was well preserved

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Military configuration

After the German army occupied Qingdao mountain, they installed two Krupp cannons on the south slope of the mountain and four on the north slope. They hollowed out the mountain and built a permanent underground fortress. This is the fort underground site, commonly known as "German underground military command post".

This "underground military command post" has a total area of 1600 square meters, 42 rooms, and is divided into three floors: the top floor is the military observation area, the second floor is the combat command area, and the third floor is the logistics area. Although the functions of these zones are different, they are connected up and down, and there are channels and exits on the left and right. In case of war emergency, there is "emergency channel"

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In the fortress, there are not only battle command room, report room, conference hall, barracks, boiler room and ammunition depot, but also medical room, storage room, well and toilet. All the rooms and articles needed for combat are available, forming a very complete combat unit.

Outside the mountain, in order to defend the underground fortress, the German army also set up a lot of defensive blockhouses and secret fortresses. In order to make these military facilities more covert, the German army also planted black pine, Robinia pseudoacacia, Qingpu, Pistacia chinensis and short handle robe on the mountain

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The Ocean University under the fort used to be the Bismarck Barracks at that time. It was protected by soldiers at ordinary times. In case of war, the German senior commander in Qingdao directly accepted the orders of the German governor of jiaoao and even the German Emperor William II.

History in miniature

The exhibition hall of Qingdao Fort site, which was built in 1998, is located in the northern foot of Shandong Province.

With the help of more than 300 photos and hundreds of objects, the exhibition hall truly reproduces six historical facts, including the fortification of Jiaozhou Bay, the incident of Jiaozhou Bay, the colonial rule of Germany, the military invasion of Japan, suffering and resistance, the May 4th Movement and Qingdao, showing the history of Qingdao from 1897 to 1922 in detail.

From the "Jiaozhou Bay incident" triggered by the "Juye teaching case" to the Japanese invasion in the first World War in 1914, from the masses' struggle to the "May 4th" movement triggered by the need to recover Qingdao, you can understand the miniature of Qingdao's decades of history by entering the Qingdao shanpaotai Exhibition hall

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tourist resources

Qingdao mountain fort is the only war site in the war between Japan and Germany. It is also an excellent building in Qingdao.

Qingdao's 100 years are concentrated here, and the history behind the fort plays a great role in educating citizens. As a valuable historical site reflecting the Japanese German war and the colonial rule of Qingdao, the fort is also playing a role of tourism resources

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In addition to the fort site and exhibition hall, Qingdao mountain park also has four sceneries in spring, summer, autumn and winter, such as Zhichun, cuibo, lanqu and Meiyou, as well as the "Fu" character Zhaobi, lunkezhong martyr monument and other scenic spots. It has become a new cultural landscape integrating education, leisure, sightseeing and entertainment.

At present, Qingdao mountain fort has been listed as a national "3A" tourist attraction, and has signed agreements with more than 50 travel agencies, which has greatly improved the passenger flow. Here, people can look up to the sea, visit the mountains and go for an outing. They can also recall the history and feel the vicissitudes of Qingdao's hundred year history

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historical value

Qingdao mountain fort is a unique resource of patriotism education and national defense education.

In recent years, Qingdao mountain Fort site has been restored one after another, the former German army underground headquarters has been built, the exhibition hall has been built, so that the function of patriotism education has become increasingly perfect, attracting many primary and secondary school students to visit, making the site a "second classroom" for primary and secondary school students to carry out patriotism education.

Every national defense education day, Jiaozhou Bay event memorial day and other days, the fort site will hold relevant education activities to integrate patriotism education and national defense education. Through historical contrast, the activities are carried out in many aspects, with distinctive characteristics and remarkable education effect.

Qingdao mountain fort is an irrefutable evidence of imperialist invasion of Qingdao, and also a miniature of modern Chinese history. Fort sites are rich in content, intuitive image of patriotism

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