Xuzhou Confucian Temple

Xuzhou Confucian Temple

Xuzhou Confucian temple is a cultural relic protection unit in Xuzhou City. It is located in the campus of No.2 Middle School, Pengcheng Road, Xuzhou City.

Brief introduction of Xuzhou Confucian Temple

Xuzhou Confucian temple was built in Song Dynasty, destroyed by war in Yuan Dynasty, and rebuilt many times in Ming and Qing Dynasty due to the flood of the Yellow River. According to the requirements of the imperial court for the local Confucius Temple, the temple is divided into three roads and five courtyards, running through the north-south axis, covering an area of nearly 20000 square meters. From south to north, there are Yingbi, Lingxing gate, Dacheng gate, Dacheng hall, Minglun hall and Zunjing Pavilion. In front of Dacheng gate is panchi, left and right is the auxiliary hall, and the southeast corner is Kuixing tower. This group of buildings has been preserved until the "Cultural Revolution". It is the largest and most complete official style ancient building complex in Xuzhou. Now only dachengmen and dachengdian are left. They were rebuilt many times in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and now they were overhauled in 1989. Dacheng gate has a Xieshan style roof, 8 meters high, 3 rooms 10 meters wide, 6 meters deep, and 7 meters high. Dacheng hall is 11 meters high, 5 rooms 21 meters wide and 14 meters deep. It has a single-layer eaves roof of Xieshan style, green glazed tile trimming, and under the eaves there are Dou Gong distribution with Xuzhou characteristics. The eight gold pillars and lotus reliefs in Dacheng hall are the original objects of Ming Dynasty, which have high cultural and artistic value. There is a large terrace in front of the hall, covering an area of nearly 700 square meters, which is the place to worship Confucius. On the inner wall of dachengmen, there are also inscriptions on the relocation of Confucian temple and the reconstruction of Confucian Temple by Zhang Boying.

The earliest literature in Xuzhou Confucian temple was in Song Dynasty. Chen Shidao, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, was once a professor of zhouxue. In 1351, Zhima Li uprising occupied Xuzhou. Yuan Prime Minister coffin Tuotuo led the army to attack the city with guns. The Confucian temple in the south corner of the city was the first to bear the brunt and was destroyed by the war. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the Confucian temple in Xuzhou was rebuilt. Due to the disaster of Yellow River, the address of Zeng Siyi was changed. By the Qing Dynasty, the Confucian temple, which was moved to the East Chayuan, was already a "magnificent palace with a lot of grass and a lot of collapse.". In 1680, Zhang Dan, a wealthy family in Xuzhou, donated money to build the Confucian temple in Xuzhou again. The Confucian temple, which was relocated this time, is the main part of the scale of Xuzhou Confucian temple. Now the Confucian temple is the location of Xuzhou No.2 Middle School, which is located on the east side of the north section of Pengcheng road.

Xuzhou Confucian temple was built in accordance with the requirements of Ming and Qing Dynasties for local Confucian temples. It is divided into three roads and five courtyards, running through the north-south axis, covering an area of nearly 20000 square meters. In the southeast corner of the Confucian temple is Kuixing tower. Kuixing is one of the 28 constellations in the sky, and it is Wenxing. Kuixing building is in the form of double eaves hexagonal pavilion, which is located in the middle of the pond, surrounded by beautifully carved guardrails. The west of Kuixing building is the seven dragon wall and shadow wall. The three archways opposite to the shadow wall have 12 characters: "Daoguan ancient and modern, Tianxia Wenshu, depeitiandi". On the East and west sides of the memorial archway, there are Yi Road and Yi gate respectively, and there are steles with the characters of "civil officials get off the sedan chair, military officials get off the horse". You can enter the Confucius Temple only when you enter the Yi Road, the Li gate and the Lingxing gate. Lingxing is tianzhenxing, which is said to be Wenxing in the sky. The temple gate is named after "Lingxing", which means that Confucius should come down in response to the stars in the sky. Like "Kuixing", it is mainly for the purpose of sanctifying Confucius. Entering the lattice gate is for Pan Chi. Panchi is the symbol of the University. Therefore, it is also called pan palace. Panchi is a semicircular pond with three stone arch bridges, 10 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. After entering panchi is dachengmen. Dacheng gate, also known as halberd gate, is an important gateway to Dacheng hall. Behind the Dacheng gate is the Dacheng hall, the central building of the Confucian temple. The name of Dacheng hall comes from the memorial tablet of Confucius in Song Dynasty, which shows that there are many successors to Confucius' learning. Dacheng hall is 11 meters high, 21 meters wide and 14 meters deep. It has a Xieshan roof, green glazed tiles and brackets with Xuzhou characteristics under the eaves. It is the highest specification and largest official building complex in Xuzhou. The eight gold pillars and lotus reliefs in Dacheng hall are the original objects of the Ming Dynasty, which have important cultural value. The large terrace in front of the hall is 1.2 meters high and covers an area of nearly 200 square meters. It is the place for the ceremony. Every year, there are two Ding sacrifices in the spring and autumn. At the beginning of each Confucius Memorial Ceremony, Zhong Pan's harmony, Bayi's dance, and cigarette smoke filled the atmosphere. The East and West verandas of Dacheng hall were built to worship the sages and Confucians. During the Japanese puppet period, they were demolished and turned into two-story teaching buildings. There is a Bayin stone behind Dacheng hall. It is said that it was originally planned to be sent to Genyue mountain of Bianjing palace in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because of the change of Jingkang, it stayed in Xuzhou. After the bayinshi is the Minglun hall, which is the place to teach Confucian classics. The Zunjing Pavilion behind the Minglun hall is the place to collect articles and classics. It used to be a double-layer pavilion with double eaves, but now only has a platform. Xuzhou Confucian temple used to be a large-scale official ancient building complex. Due to historical reasons, there are only two existing buildings, dachengmen and dachengdian. In 1989, Xuzhou Municipal People's government allocated funds to overhaul dachengdian, restore the platform in front of it, and restore dachengmen in Ming Dynasty architectural style. This overhaul changed the unreasonable beam structure in the period of the Republic of China, and adopted the door column moon beam structure. The door column with a height of more than 7 meters stands tall and straight, and the "pull Hai" on the moon beam is handled delicately according to the Ming style, with the characteristics of "South show and North Male".

There are more than 10 stone tablets in the original Xuzhou Confucian temple, which record the process of the migration and construction of the Confucian temple. With the many changes of the Confucian temple, most of the stone tablets are scattered outside. On the horse stage, there are two sides: "Xuzhou reconstruction of Confucianism" in the eighth year of Xuande of Ming Dynasty (1433) and "Xuzhou Confucian temple stele" written by Li pan, the number one scholar of Qing Dynasty in yunlongshan Songhui Pavilion The inscriptions on the relocation of the Confucian temple in the reign of emperor Xi and the reconstruction of the Confucian temple in the Republic of China were written by Zhang Dan, Zhang Boying's ancestor, and Zhang Yunsheng, Zhang Boying's uncle, respectively. These inscriptions have a certain value in the art of calligraphy and historical materials.

Current situation

The only Confucian temple in the campus of No.2 Middle School was built in Song Dynasty, destroyed in war in Yuan Dynasty, and rebuilt many times in Ming and Qing Dynasties due to the flood of the Yellow River. According to the requirements of the imperial court for the local Confucius Temple, the temple is divided into three roads and five courtyards, running through the north-south axis, covering an area of nearly 20000 square meters. From south to north, there are Yingbi, Lingxing gate, Dacheng gate, Dacheng hall, Minglun hall and Zunjing Pavilion. In front of Dacheng gate is panchi, left and right is the auxiliary hall, and the southeast corner is Kuixing tower. This group of buildings has been preserved until the "Cultural Revolution", which is the largest and most complete ancient architectural complex in Xuzhou. Now only dachengmen and dachengdian are left. They were built in Ming and Qing Dynasties and repaired in 1989. Dacheng gate has a Xieshan style roof, 8 meters high, 3 rooms 10 meters wide, 6 meters deep, and 7 meters high. Da * Cheng hall is 11 meters high, 5 rooms 21 meters wide and 14 meters deep. It has a Xieshan style roof, green tile trimming and many brackets under the eaves. The eight gold pillars and lotus reliefs in Dacheng hall are the original objects of Ming Dynasty, which have high architectural art value. The large terrace in front of the hall is 12 meters high and covers an area of nearly 700 square meters. It is the place for worshiping Confucius. In dachengmen, there are also inscriptions on the relocation of Confucian temple and the reconstruction of Confucian Temple by Zhang Boying.

Historic site

Heqing Road near Xuzhou No.2 Middle School

Address: Jiefang Road, Feng County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Longitude: 116.59470367432

Latitude: 34.698753356934

Chinese PinYin : Xu Zhou Wen Miao