Liangwangcheng site

Liangwangcheng site

Liangwangcheng site is located in Liwei village, Daizhuang Town, Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province. It is adjacent to the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is a site from Neolithic to Warring States period. In 1957, Nanjing Museum found the site through archaeological investigation. After many archaeological excavations, it shows that the cultural layer of the site is four or five meters deep and rich in connotation. From morning to night, the layers are Dawenkou Culture layer, Longshan culture layer, Shang and Zhou culture layer, spring and autumn and Warring States culture layer, Northern Dynasty Sui culture layer, song and Yuan culture layer, and so on. The history lasts about 5000 years. After drilling, it is determined that the site of Liangwang city was first built in the early Qing Dynasty. The site covers an area of more than 1 million square meters. It is likely to be a prosperous area or a political and economic center during the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period.

The site is the largest city site in Northern Jiangsu during the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, with 5000 years of cultural accumulation. It is a "living textbook" for studying the origin of human civilization in Huanghuai region. It is of great significance to the study of prehistoric settlements and the process of ancient social civilization in Huang Huai area. In May 2013, it was approved as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Terracotta warriors and horses

According to the archaeological experts in Nanbo, if the liangwangcheng site is fully excavated, it may become a national large site as famous as the terracotta warriors and horses. "However, under the condition that the technology is not able to fully protect the site, the State Department of cultural relics does not advocate active excavation of the site." Archaeological experts said that the excavation of liangwangcheng site is rescue, in order to cooperate with the construction of the national south to North Water Diversion Project. After the rescue excavation, the excavated cultural relics will be cleaned up, preserved and restored, the archaeological exploration will be backfilled, and the Beijing Hangzhou canal will be expanded 50 meters to the East. At that time, the west of liangwangcheng site will be widened into a river channel.

Expert opinion

Experts from the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum believe that the liangwangcheng site is the largest city site in Northern Jiangsu during the Warring States period. The liangwangcheng site, together with the surrounding eyacheng site and jiunvdun cemetery of the same period, constitute the historical framework of the spring and Autumn Warring States period in Huanghuai region. Especially, most of the liangwangcheng site is submerged by the yellow mud and sand layer, and the site is well preserved, so it is suitable to be listed as a large site protection object

Archaeologists said yesterday that this may be the capital of ancient Xu and is expected to be promoted to a national level site as famous as the terracotta warriors and horses of the Han Dynasty

Liangwangcheng site is the largest city site in Northern Jiangsu during the spring and autumn and Warring States period, with 5000 years of cultural accumulation. It is a "living teaching material" to study the origin of human civilization in Huanghuai region, and is listed as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in 2007. Recently, under the organization of Nanjing Museum and Xuzhou Museum, a new round of rescue excavation was launched again.

Cultural stratification

On May 11, the reporter came to the excavation site of liangwangcheng site in Liwei village, Daizhuang Town, Pizhou City.

"This is part of the north wall of the liangwangcheng site." Master Li, a construction worker, told the reporter that the two explorers, about 7 meters deep, 10 meters long and 56 meters wide, were selected to excavate and sample the site of the northern wall of Liangwang city.

The liangwangcheng site covers an area of more than 1 million square meters. Along the site has been going south, in the Liangwang City, two areas are more than 100 square meters of exploration side attracted the attention of reporters. The cultural layers in the square are clear, and the different colors of the cultural layers can be clearly seen.

According to archaeological experts, the cultural layer of the site is thick, generally about 4 meters, with the deepest reaching 5 meters. The site is rich in connotation, and the stratum accumulation is Dawenkou Culture layer, Longshan culture layer, Shang and Zhou culture layer, spring and autumn and Warring States culture layer, Northern Dynasty Sui culture layer and song and Yuan culture layer from morning to night, with a history of about 5000 years. In the exploration, the reporter also found some pottery and cattle bones.

Rescue excavation

At the archaeological excavation site close to the east side of the canal, archaeologists have excavated 12 exploration sites, and more than 100 workers are cleaning up the soil and excavating cultural relics. In this excavation site of about 1500 square meters, there are different discoveries in 12 exploration sites. Among them, the most unearthed pottery is from Dawenkou period. Archaeologists said that the remains of a child were also found in one of the explorers, with head south and feet north, limbs in good condition and natural posture.

In addition, five or six tombs in Dawenkou were found. In addition to the remains of children, there were also the remains of adult men and women. In addition, besides pottery and stone tools of Dawenkou period, there are also a large number of animal teeth, bones, wells, drainage channels and other living facilities. "There are many cultural layers, representing seven or eight dynasties."

Archaeological experts say that the liangwangcheng site covers an area of more than 1 million square meters, which is likely to be a prosperous and downtown area or a political and economic center during the spring and autumn and Warring States periods.

According to the archaeological experts in Nanbo, if the liangwangcheng site is fully excavated, it may become a national large site as famous as the terracotta warriors and horses of the Han Dynasty. "However, under the condition that the technology can not fully protect the site, the State Department of cultural relics does not advocate active excavation of the site." Archaeological experts said that the excavation of the liangwangcheng site was rescue.

Recently, a new round of rescue excavation of liangwangcheng site was launched under the organization of Nanjing University, Nanjing Museum and other units. It is reported that the purpose of rescue excavation of liangwangcheng site is to "give way" to the south to North Water Diversion Project. After the excavation and cultural relic protection are completed, the western part of liangwangcheng site will be submerged under the rolling river of South to North Water Diversion of the Grand Canal.

Capital of ancient Xu

Experts from the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum believe that as the largest city site in Northern Jiangsu during the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, liangwangcheng site has 5000 years of historical and cultural accumulation, which is of great value for the study of human civilization in the Huanghuai region. It is also very likely that it is the ancient capital of Xu, which was annihilated in history.

"From the cultural layer of the site, we can see that there is also a layer of silt in it. The silt layer proves that the city was flooded. From the date of reckoning, it proves that the liangwangcheng site may be the ancient capital of Xu and destroyed by Wu." Hui Guangqi, vice president of Xuzhou History Research Association, said that in 512 B.C., the state of Wu led troops to attack Xu, and Xu junzhang and Yu led the troops to defend Xu City. When the Wu army dug a canal to irrigate the city of Xu, Xu Jun knew that he could not defend it, so he broke off and brought his wife down to Wu. Xu was destroyed by Wu after more than 1600 years of 44 monarchs.

Spring and autumn and Warring States Period

Archaeological experts say that 1500 square meters have been excavated this time. In addition to the first three excavations, more than 4000 square meters have been excavated at the liangwangcheng site. It is predicted that if another 1500 square meters are excavated, the complete picture of the liangwangcheng site will be obtained.

It is reported that so far, the excavation of the liangwangcheng site has revealed the settlement of the late Dawenkou Culture, uncovered the mysterious veil of the cemetery of the Western Zhou Dynasty, discovered many ash pits, ash ditches, water wells, house sites and other relics of the Six Dynasties period, and unearthed quite a lot of exquisite celadon, preliminarily revealing the site and palace style of the ancient city of liangwangcheng in the spring and autumn and Warring States periods. (

At 2:00 p.m. on the 13th, the archaeological site of Liangwang city in Pizhou.

Zhu Xiaoting, an archaeologist at the Nanjing Museum, is squatting in a tomb and carefully cleaning up a human skeleton. She picks the soil a little bit with a bamboo stick and brushes it clean with a brush. The skeleton is very complete. Although it is broken and cracked, it is not scattered. Even the phalanx has a lot of segments, which are neatly arranged in the soil. It's very rare for archeologists to know that this skeleton was left by the ancestors of Dawenkou Culture, 5000 years ago.

Male burial

Why are two male ancestors buried in the same tomb

Zhu Xiaoting is located in Dawenkou cemetery, the archaeological site of liangwangcheng in Pizhou, which is the biggest harvest of liangwangcheng Archaeology in the past four years. Around her, there are more than 30 people clearing more than 10 graves or collecting and transporting earth.

After identifying the eyebrow arch, mandible and pubis, Zhu Xiaoting, who majored in physical anthropology at University, preliminarily determined that it was an adult male skeleton. "The reason why the bones of people 5000 years ago can be completely preserved is that the soil in this area is alkaline. In the acid soil in the south of the Yangtze River, few people 2500 years ago can leave teeth," she explained.

Behind her, another colleague was cleaning another skeleton. She carefully identified it and concluded that it was an adult male. Both skeletons were lying on their backs. Interestingly, they were face to face, which gave emotional color to the skeleton without flesh and blood. Zhou runken, the archaeological team leader squatting beside him, was a little confused: "we have found a couple's tomb and a mother and son's tomb before, but two men are buried in the same tomb. It's the first time to find them in this tomb group. What's their relationship? Is it father and son or brother? " Since the excavation in February, nearly 50 ancient tombs have been discovered. Archaeology has come to an end, only a dozen tombs are still in the process of cleaning. At the busiest time, more than 30 archaeologists and 150 migrant workers gathered here. The amount of work is equivalent to digging a 3.5-meter-deep swimming pool according to the area of a football field.

What's amazing is not only the gender, but also the height of the two ancestors is more than 1.8 meters, which is higher than that of the ancestors in other tombs. Generally speaking, people with rich life and adequate nutrition are tall, but there is not a single burial object in this tomb, unlike the vast majority of tombs with more than 10 pieces of pottery. In already

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