Ancient city of Han and Wei Dynasties

Ancient city of Han and Wei Dynasties

Luoyang City site of Han and Wei dynasties is the capital site of Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty. It is located in the east of Luoyang City of Sui and Tang Dynasties, the world cultural heritage and the East starting point of the silk road. According to historical records, in 166 ad, Anton, king of the Roman Empire, sent envoys to Luoyang City of the Han and Wei dynasties to meet emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty. This was the first direct contact between Rome and China, marking the beginning of direct contact between the easternmost and westernmost ends of the Silk Road.

Luoyang City in Han and Wei dynasties is about 15 kilometers east of Luoyang City in Henan Province. At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the city was built here, which was called the Zhou Dynasty. Because it is in the north of Luoshui, it is called Luoyang. It was built in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, abandoned in the early Tang Dynasty, and continued to use for nearly 1600 years. Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty and other dynasties successively took it as the capital of the country, with a history of more than 540 years.

There were only four exchanges between the Roman Empire and ancient China, three of which came to Luoyang in the Han and Wei dynasties. This city witnessed the beginning of cultural exchanges between China and the West and the first extension of the Silk Road to Europe. In the Northern Song Dynasty, when Sima Guanglu, a writer, was the old city of the Han and Wei dynasties, facing the long and glorious history of the city, he said, "if you ask about the prosperity and abolition of the ancient and modern times, please only look at Luoyang." My general sigh.

Human history

The world's largest ancient city has been the capital for nearly 600 years

(where are the remains of the canal today) the core suggests that there is no place in the world like Luoyang, with five ancient capitals densely arranged from east to West: the commercial capital, the summer capital, the old city of Han and Wei dynasties, the city of Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the city of Zhouwang. There are two "tops" on the top of the old city of Han and Wei Dynasties: the largest ancient city in the world, with an area of 100 square kilometers; the oldest ancient city in Chinese history, with more than 40 emperors in six successive dynasties, taking it as the capital for nearly 600 years. The ancient city of the Han and Wei dynasties is also known as the ruins of the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei dynasties. It is about 15 kilometers away from Luoyang City in the West. It is located at the junction of Luolong District, Mengjin County and Yanshi City, with Luoshui in the South and Mangshan in the north. It is located in the center of Yiluo plain.

The old city of Han and Wei Dynasties was built in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, abandoned in the early Tang Dynasty, and continued to be used for nearly 1600 years.

In the first year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25), Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu "drove into Luoyang, but fortunately Nangong was not a temple, so he decided to be the capital of Yan.". Later, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei and other dynasties successively took it as the capital of the country. In addition to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the history of the capital has been more than 540 years. Because the city of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was determined later, it is still called "the old city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties".

The old city of the Han and Wei dynasties covers an area of 100 square kilometers, with more than 40 emperors of Six Dynasties as their capital. It inherits the splendid civilization of Qin and Han Dynasties and opens up the prosperous Tang and Song dynasties. Among the numerous capital sites in China and even the world, it has the longest total time, the largest area and relatively complete preservation. In 1961, the State Council announced that it was the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

2. Many relics are concerned

In 1962, the ancient city of the Han and Wei Dynasties was fully excavated. The length of the east wall is 3895 meters, the west wall is 4290 meters, the north wall is 3700 meters, and the south wall is washed by Luoshui. The whole city is irregular rectangle with a circumference of about 14 km. Experts say that the scale and layout of the existing old city of Han and Wei dynasties are basically left over from the Northern Wei Dynasty. From the inside to the outside, there are three city circles: Palace City, inner city and outer city. The site area is rich in ground and underground relics. The main relics are Palace City, inner city, outer city, Yongning Temple Tower, Eastern Han imperial academy, Lingtai site and Jincun Eastern Zhou tomb. The palace city is located in the north central part of the inner city, 1400 meters long from north to South and 660 meters wide from east to west. It is the most important central building area in the capital city. Archaeological excavation shows that there are three gates in the palace city of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The ch ā ng h é gate is the southernmost gate, which symbolizes the majesty of the emperor. It is used for important activities and rituals, but rarely used for passage. It is the earliest palace city gate excavated in China.

The Taixue site of the Eastern Han Dynasty is located in the southern suburb of the inner city. It was built in the fifth year of Jianwu (AD 29) of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was a National University at that time and the earliest university site found in China. The site is about 220 meters long from north to South and 150 meters wide from east to west. A large number of remains of "Xiping stone scripture" and "Zhengshi stone scripture" were unearthed.

Lingtai site of the Eastern Han Dynasty is also located in the southern suburbs of the inner city. It was founded in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 56) in Jianwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is the earliest astronomical observatory site found in China. The Lingtai site covers an area of more than 40000 square meters, and the central building is the rammed high platform that can still be seen today. As the largest national observatory in China at that time, Lingtai continued to be used until the beginning of the 4th century for 400 years. This is the place where Zhang Heng, an outstanding scientist of the Eastern Han Dynasty, worked and studied. His "armillary sphere" and "seismograph" were placed here at that time.

Yongning Temple is located in the southwest outside the palace city. It was founded in the first year of Xiping in the Northern Wei Dynasty (516 AD). It was destroyed by lightning in the last year of the Northern Wei Dynasty. It is the most luxurious and magnificent royal temple among the 1367 Buddhist temples inside and outside the city. During the excavation of the tower foundation, a number of clay statues with exquisite craftsmanship were unearthed, which provided valuable information for the study of Buddhist art in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

3. The ruins park will be built

In 2006, after the start of the national heritage protection project, the city has successively implemented the protection and exhibition projects of Yongning Temple tower base, changhemen, erdaomen, tongtuo street and other sites. All these will be an important part of the archaeological site park of the old city of Han and Wei dynasties.

According to the construction plan of archaeological site park in the old city of Han and Wei dynasties, during the 12th Five Year Plan period, our city plans to start the construction and complete the protection and exhibition project of the southwest wall of the palace on the west side of changhemen, so as to connect the changhemen and the palace wall into a whole. At the same time, we will carry out the protection and exhibition project of Lingtai site in the East Han Dynasty on the South Bank of Luohe River and the protection and exhibition project of No Based on the protection and exhibition of Yongning Temple Tower Foundation, the overall protection and exhibition of Yongning Temple will be carried out; the protection and exhibition project of Xiyang gate on the west city wall will be carried out; the Old City Museum of Han Wei with strong Han Wei style will be built on the north side of Xiyang gate, which integrates exhibition, office, shopping and tourism facilities.

Before the changhemen protection and exhibition project, we can't see the magnificent palace city, but through the huge gate pier and que platform foundation, we can appreciate the thick and vicissitudes of history and imagine its glory. In the near future, more parts of this ancient city, which has been sleeping for more than 1000 years, will leap out of the ground. Liu Xiuding, the Guangwu emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was here. Later, the Three Kingdoms Wei, Western Jin and Northern Wei also took it as their capital, which lasted for more than 330 years for four generations. At the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was destroyed in the war. The remnant length of the east wall, the west wall and the north wall is 3895 meters, 4290 meters and 3700 meters respectively. The south wall has been flooded by the Luohe River. The remnant wall is generally 1-2 meters above the ground, and the east part of the north wall is 5-7 meters above the ground. The city walls are made of rammed earth plates, with a circumference of about 14 kilometers. The main buildings in the city are Palace City, palace, government office, garden and so on. The palace city of the Northern Wei Dynasty is rectangular, about 1400 meters long from north to South and 660 meters wide from east to west. Taiji hall is the main hall of the palace. The Taixue site of the Eastern Han Dynasty is located in the southern suburb of the inner city, near the Taixue village of today's Yanshi City. Founded in the fifth year of Jianwu (29), there were more than 30000 college students. In the fourth year of Xiping (175), 46 stone tablets were erected in front of the Taixue lecture hall. To Cao Wei Zhengshi two years (241), and set up 28 stone classics, known as Zhengshi stone classics. The Taixue site is divided into two parts, East and West, with an area of more than 30000 square meters in the East and about 20000 square meters in the West. There are a large area of rammed earth building sites inside the site. There are rows of building foundations, which are either East-West rectangles or north-south rectangles. The distance between rows is equal and the arrangement is orderly. Taixue is the highest institution in ancient times to teach Confucianism. Xiping Shijing is the earliest official Confucian Scripture in China. Lingtai site of the Eastern Han Dynasty is located in the southern suburb of the inner city, between Gangshang village and Dajiao village in today's Yanshi City. Lingtai, founded in the 56th year of Emperor Guangwu's reign, was the largest national observatory at that time. It has been used for more than 250 years in Cao Wei and Western Jin Dynasties. The Lingtai site covers an area of more than 40000 square meters. The central building is a square rammed earth platform, 31 meters wide from east to west, 41 meters long from north to south, and more than 8 meters high. Zhang Heng (78-139), an outstanding scientist of the Eastern Han Dynasty, once served as the Taishiling twice for more than 10 years. He led, presided over and participated in the astronomical observation and research of Lingtai. Jinyong City, located in the northwest corner of inner city, was built by Emperor Ming of Cao Wei. It is 1048 meters long from the north to the South and 255 meters wide from the east to the west, with a total area of 260000 square meters. The city is small and solid. In the early Tang Dynasty, Jinyong city was set up in Luoyang county. In the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), it was moved to yudefang, the eastern capital, and Jinyong city was abolished. After investigation, it is found that the three small cities are connected, and the plane is in the shape of "eye". Outside the city, the river circulates, and there are relics in every gate. Many rammed foundations, brick foundations and pools were found in the city. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, waikucheng was added, about 10 kilometers long and 10 kilometers wide. There are 1367 Buddhist temples built inside and outside the city, and Yongning Temple, the royal temple, is the most luxurious and magnificent. Yongning Temple is located in the southwest outside the palace city. It was founded in the first year of Xiping in the Northern Wei Dynasty (516). It was burned by lightning in the last year of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

The ancient city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties

Luoyang is a famous historical and cultural city in China. It used to be the political, economic, cultural and educational center of the country. Thirteen dynasties built their capitals here. The existing capital sites mainly include the capital of summer, the capital of Shang, the capital of Xibo, the capital of Eastern Zhou, and the capital of Han and Wei dynasties

Chinese PinYin : Han Wei Gu Cheng