Poyang Lake

Poyang Lake

Poyang Lake, known as Pengli, penglize and Pengze in ancient times, is located in the north of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Nanchang and Shangrao. It is the largest freshwater lake in China and the second largest lake in China, second only to Qinghai Lake.

Poyang Lake is one of the main tributaries in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It is also an important lake with discharge, huff and puff type and seasonality in the Yangtze River Basin. The lake area is 3150 square kilometers at normal water level (14m-15m) and above 4125 square kilometers at high water level (20m). But at low water level (12 meters), it is only 500 square kilometers,

According to the hydrological data in 2008, when the lake water level was 22.59 meters, the lake area was 4070 square kilometers.

Poyang Lake is mainly supplied by Ganjiang River, Xiuhe River, Xinjiang River, Raohe River and Fuhe River. It flows into the Yangtze River from south to north near Shizhong mountain, Hukou County, Jiujiang City.

Poyang Lake plays an important role in regulating the water level of the Yangtze River, conserving water resources, improving the local climate and maintaining the ecological balance of the surrounding areas.

Formation and evolution

Poyang Lake was called Pengli, penglize and Pengze in ancient times. The lake basin is formed by the subsidence and deposition of the earth's crust.

In the Mesozoic, influenced by the Yanshan movement, the area subsided into a basin with a wide range, covering the northwest part of Jinjiang River, Huangmei area in Hubei Province, Susong and Wangjiang areas in Anhui Province. By the end of the last sub glacial period 10000 years ago, the "Lushan Mountain" with rising fault blocks stood at the edge of the basin, and the river channels and ponds were densely distributed in the basin. Since then, due to the transgression in the post glacial period, the whole basin has become a great lake and a wide reach of the Yangtze River. "Peng Li" has been recorded in Shangshu Yugong, while "Peng Ze" has been recorded in Hanshu. During the Three Kingdoms period, Pengze was divided into two lakes, the north and the south. The Yangtze River flows through the isthmus between the two lakes. Houbei Lake evolved into Longgan Lake at the junction of Hubei and Anhui, Daguan lake and Pohu Lake in Anhui. In the Southern Dynasties, the water of Nanhu Lake reached near Xinjian qiaoshe, which submerged most of Fuyang county and part of haihun County in the early Han Dynasty. In Sui Dynasty, the lake was close to Poyang mountain (originally named Lishi mountain, also named Shiyin mountain, later named Poyang mountain because of its place name. According to the research, it is located in the lake in the northwest of Poyang County, which was not found in the geographical name survey in the 1980s. From the early Tang Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, the lake water gradually withdrew from the north, and then invaded the south in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. At this time, the lake looked like a gourd. The northern part of the lake was also called Luoxing Lake (because people thought that a small island in the lake was a meteorite), Zuoli Lake; the southern part was also called Guanting Lake (it was said that there was a Guanting temple at the foot of Lushan Mountain), and Zu Ting Lake. In modern times, due to siltation and reclamation, the lake became smaller and smaller. By the end of the 20th century, the shape of the lake was not like a gourd, but like a swan.

Location context

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake and the second largest lake in China, located in the north of Jiangxi Province. The lake belongs to Lianxi District of Jiujiang City (formerly Lushan District), Hukou County, Lushan city (formerly Xingzi County), Gongqing City, Duchang County, Yongxiu County, Xinjian District of Nanchang City, Poyang County, Yugan County, Nanchang County, Jinxian County, etc.

When the water level of the lake is 22.59 meters, the lake area is 4070 square kilometers. The lake is 173 km long from north to south, 16.9 km wide from east to west, 74 km wide at the widest and 3 km narrow at the narrowest. The lake basin inclines from southeast to northwest with a gradient of 12-1 M. the lake shoreline is about 1200 km long. The lake morphology coefficient is 109 and the development coefficient (curvature coefficient) is 6. There are 41 islands in the lake, covering an area of 103 square kilometers.

The lake is usually bounded by Songmen mountain between Duchang and Wucheng, which is divided into north-south (or east-west) lakes. North Lake, or Xipo lake, is located in the northwest of Songmen mountain. The lake surface is narrow. In fact, it is a long and narrow port road, 40 km long and 3-5 km wide. The narrowest part is about 2.8 km. To the south of the east of Songmen is the South Lake, or East Pohu lake, with a vast surface. It is the main part of the lake area, 133 km long and 74 km wide. At normal water level, the lake level is higher than that of the Yangtze River, and the lake water flows northward to the Yangtze River. Through the regulation of Poyang Lake, the flood peak of Ganjiang River and other rivers can be reduced by 15-30%, reducing the threat of the flood peak of the Yangtze River to the coast.

Southern Lakes

The southern Lake area is the main body of Poyang Lake, accounting for about four fifths of the total area of the lake. In addition to receiving the water from the five major rivers of Gan, Fu, Xin, Rao and Xiu, there are four rivers directly entering the lake with a drainage area of more than 200 square kilometers. In the West and south, there are flood plains, lakes and harbors along the river, and the sediment is mostly sedimentary sediment. Along the coast of Poyang and Duchang in the East, there are many marshes, flat terrain and curved Lakeshore. The central and northern parts of Poyang Lake are connected by water and sky.

The southernmost inner lake, Jinxi lake, is in the shape of a spindle opening to the north. It is 18 kilometers long from north to South and 7 kilometers wide from east to west. It covers an area of 130 square kilometers during the normal water period, and its bottom elevation is 13-15 meters. There are many rivers and floodplains along the coast, and the eastern Lake branches are crisscrossed with each other. There are villages and towns distributed among them, belonging to Sanli township of Jinxian county. The main body is located in Jinxian County in the East, and the long and narrow Lake area in the west is under the jurisdiction of Xinjian District of Nanchang city. It is connected with chenjiahu dike in the East and Junshan Lake dike in the south. The lake water is clear, not frozen, navigable, with aquaculture, migratory bird habitat function.

Fuhe River flows eastward through Qinglan lake and joins Jinxi lake at Sanyang street of Jinxian county. Sanyang Street faces Changle Lianwei in Nanchang County across Fuhe River in the north. From south to north, it passes yaojiatang, Yongquan and Dongfeng Electric drainage station to the northeast corner of Changle Lianwei. Here, the water from Qingfeng mountain stream (the former Fuhe River) flows into Poyang Lake from west to East, flows to Dahukou in the northeast and joins Fuhe River, and then flows 14.5km to Sanjiangkou in the north. Sanjiangkou is the confluence of Fuhe River, South Branch of Ganjiang River and Xinjiang River Mouth. During the dry season, Jinxi lake has a large area of beaches and islets, with large and small inner lakes distributed among them. The main channel is winding like a belt. During the period of abundant water, the water continued to form a lake.

On the left bank of Qingfengshan River estuary is the Xintu electric drainage station of Hongqi Lianwei in Nanchang County. The northeast of Hongqi Lianwei is close to Poyang Lake. The dike line is in a convex arc in the East, from southwest to northeast and then to northwest, through xiangzikou, chengjiachi and other electric drainage stations to Changshu electric drainage station, where Jiangxi Jiangnan Branch flows into Poyang Lake. The water from Jiangnan Branch of Jiangxi flows from west to east along the northern dike line of Hongqi Lianwei to chengjiachi, passes through nanhuzhou and gouweizhou, reaches Sanjiangkou and joins Fuhe River. The two sides of the main channel are adjacent to the inner lakes, separated by a strip of Grass Island with a width of 200-600 meters and an elevation of 15 meters. South Lake, chengjiachi lake, yuluo lake and beikouwan are distributed along the river course in the south, and caowan lake and Crucian Carp Lake are distributed in the north. These lakes are seasonal inner lakes of Poyang Lake, which are formed by dry water independently. In flood season, they are even large lakes of Poyang Lake. In the dry season, Caozhou beach is exposed, harbor roads and lakes are scattered, and in the wet season, the water waves are continuous.

Wufengweitouhezi village is located on the left bank of the entrance of Jiangnan Branch of Jiangxi Province. It is 3.5km north along the riverbank line and passes through wufengdacheng sluice to dongwutou sluice. The sluice was originally the entrance of Jiangnan Branch of Jiangxi Province and was built in 1976 to block the entrance. Then, 11 km to the north by east along the dike line of the south middle section of the Yellow Lake Lianwei, through pengzehu and Yufeng electric power irrigation and drainage stations to the Yellow Lake drainage sluice, and Poyang Lake is in the east of the dike line. Then it turns 8 km to the west, passes through the flood diversion gate of Yellow Lake flood diversion area, Dongsha lake and Shitouhe electric power irrigation and drainage station to xiaxishemopanzhou, and the middle branch of Ganjiang River flows into Poyang Lake from southwest to northeast. Mopanzhou is a small goose egg shape with an area of 8 square kilometers. The estuary area is silted by mud and sand, forming delta micro landform.

The middle branch of Ganjiang River flows into the lake body of Poyang Lake. Shuangling river flows through shuanglingzhou from west to east along the northern dyke line of Huanghu dyke in the South; the middle one flows into yuemingxizhou from southwest to northeast along the eastern side of mopanzhou; and the north one flows between the western side of mopanzhou and the eastern dyke line of Nanhu dyke for 4.6 km to the North Branch of nanhuzha Nagan river. After entering the lake, the North Branch of Guangang river turns 4.7 km eastward to Zhubei gate, turns north to fan River and enters into Poyang Lake.

In the East, South and west of Xizhuang Lianwei, there are one lake adjacent to it, namely dacha lake, Xianghu Lake and Zhonghu lake, which are seasonal lakes of Poyang Lake. The lakeside is flat with mild climate, rich in fish production and flocks of migratory birds in winter. About 1km to the northwest of Zhonghu lake is Wucheng Town, Yongxiu County, facing Jiangxi branch in the middle.

After the confluence of Ganjiang River and Xiuhe River, the west channel of Poyang Lake is formed. It flows 5.5km north by west to Jiniu mountain and enters into the Northern Lake area. A large area of seasonal grassland is distributed along the two banks, with an elevation of about 14 meters. Jiniu mountain and Hengzhou on the right bank are connected with Jishan mountain (at an elevation of 86.7 meters), and Meixi lake lies in it. Songmen mountain is 200 meters away from water in the East, with an elevation of 90.9 meters. It is 9 kilometers long from east to west, 2.5 kilometers wide from north to south, and less than 200 meters narrow in the East. Songmen mountain is like a giant water ladle lying in the vast expanse of blue waves, which divides Poyang Lake into North and south parts. Jishan and Songmen mountains are sand mountains, formed by the impact of lake water and wind. Songmen mountain is 16 kilometers away from the 24lianwei in the south. During the dry season, mud beaches and grass islets are exposed in a large area, where people often graze and collect green manure.

After entering the lake at Zhangjia, Ruihong Town, Yugan County, the Xinjiang River flows 9 kilometers northwest, passing Niutoushan and the north of beikouwan to Sanjiangkou, and converges with Fuhe River and the South Branch of Jiangxi Province. In autumn and winter, the Sanjiangkou is exposed, which is the largest area in the world

Chinese PinYin : Po Yang Hu