Atomic City

Today's Xihai town is the former "Atomic City" and the place where the first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb were developed. It used to be a state-owned 221 factory, but now it is the capital of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The atomic city is located on the Jinyintan grassland in Haiyan County in the northeast of the Autonomous Prefecture, 9km away from Haiyan County, with an average altitude of 3210m. There is a shuttle bus to Xihai town of Haiyan County in Xining. Xihai town is located in the west of Qinghai Lake. It is the starting point for cycling around the East Road of Qinghai Lake. There are many bicycle clubs in the town, and the cavalry camp is the most famous. At present, the atomic city still keeps the remains of landfill pit and blasting experiment site, which are called "the first pit in Asia", intact for visitors to visit.

Atomic City

The atomic city is located in Jinyintan grassland, Haiyan County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, with a total area of more than 1100 square kilometers. It is the first nuclear weapon research and development base built in China, where the older generation of scientific and technological workers have successfully developed China's first atomic bomb and the first hydrogen bomb. The atomic city was built in 1958, where China's first atomic bomb and the first hydrogen bomb were born, so it is called "Atomic City". "Atomic City" is the location of the former "Qinghai 221 factory"

. It was retired on May 15, 1995 and renamed Xihai town with the approval of the State Council. Now it is the seat of Haibei Prefecture. In 2001, Qinghai Atomic City was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council. In November 2005, the atomic city was designated as the national patriotic education demonstration base.

Practical information

Ticket information

When you enter Jinyintan Atomic City scenic spot (detonation test site), you can buy Qinghai Jinyintan package ticket, which is 160 yuan / person. Tickets are not available for other sites. Preferential policy A. free ticket policy: children under 1.1 meters in height are free; the elderly over 71 years old are free with valid certificates. B. Preferential policies: children 1.1-1.4 meters tall, elderly people between 60 and 70 years old (with senior citizen's card or ID card), active officers with officer's card to buy preferential tickets in the scenic spot (the above preferential policies need to be purchased by themselves in the scenic spot).

Opening Hours

8:30-18:00

brief introduction

In the 1960s, a group of scientific and technological personnel came here anonymously. At that time, they were known as state-owned 221 factory and Qinghai mining area. After arduous efforts, China has successively developed its first atomic bomb and its first hydrogen bomb, and produced various types of strategic nuclear weapons. In 1987, the closed military restricted zone for more than 30 years completed the historical mission entrusted by the times, and the central government made the decision to cancel the base. In 1993, the base was handed over to the local government after it was decommissioned. Qinghai Province named it Xihai town and designated it as the capital of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

history

In the 1950s, China's top policy makers pointed out that China could not do without the atomic bomb. In this way, China embarked on the arduous journey of developing the atomic bomb.

First of all, site selection. After repeated site selection, finally, Jinyintan, Haiyan County, Qinghai Province, was selected, which is known as 221 factory. With a total area of 570 square kilometers, it has become China's first nuclear weapons research and development base.

On the vast grassland of 1170 square kilometers in Jinyintan, the builders of the state-owned 221 plant base, under the leadership of the party, carried forward the entrepreneurial spirit of independence, self-reliance, self-improvement and selfless dedication, built China's first nuclear weapons research and development base with blue sky above their heads and grassland on their feet. The base has poured the painstaking efforts of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation, Deng Jiaxian, Wang Ganchang and other scientists of the first generation of new China, gathered the strong cooperation and selfless dedication of the people of all ethnic groups in the country, and established the patriotic spirit of fearing power, working hard, striving hard, uniting and fighting, and defending the country. On October 16, 1964, the first successful atomic bomb was born here.

According to the adjustment of the national strategic plan, in June 1987, the State Council and the Central Military Commission made a decision to abolish the state-owned 221 factory. So far, the state-owned 221 factory has completed its historical mission, and slowly dropped the solemn and mysterious curtain. In memory of China's first nuclear weapons development base, a monument was erected in Xihai town. When you walk into Xihai Town, you may find that it is too ordinary. Maybe there is a legendary story behind the ordinary. Just behind the ordinary facilities, there is a mysterious aura. Every building has a glorious history, and every builder will tell a moving story.

Today's atomic city still retains a large number of physical memorial sites, showing people the hard work of our people in very difficult times. It is not only a great spiritual wealth, but also a valuable resource for patriotism education of the whole nation.

position

The predecessor of Atomic City is the former state-owned 221 plant of China National Nuclear Industry Corporation (also known as Qinghai mining area). Today's Atomic City, also known as Xihai Town, is the capital of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province. The atomic city is located in the northeast of the Autonomous Prefecture, on the Jinyintan grassland in Haiyan County, 9 kilometers away from Haiyan County, with an average altitude of 3210 meters, covering an area of 570 square kilometers (1170 square kilometers in the initial stage of the plant construction), including 333000 square meters of factory buildings, 38.9 kilometers of special railway lines, 75 kilometers of asphalt concrete standard roads, and 110 kilometers away from Xining City, the capital of Qinghai Province. In the northeast, West and south, there are high mountain barriers, in the southeast, there is a delay zone of grassland, and the terrain is flat. In the East, there is halejing River, and in the west, there is Mapisi river.

Northwest wind prevails in Xihai Town, with the maximum wind speed in spring and the minimum in summer. The average wind speed in the wind season is 3.1 m / s, and the maximum wind speed is 23.3 M / s. The annual precipitation is 400 mm, the annual evaporation is 1538.5 mm, and the average temperature is - 0.45 ℃. According to reports, there were seven branches in 221 base at that time. The first branch was responsible for warhead body processing, uranium parts production, precision processing and radio system control; the second branch was mainly responsible for explosive processing, synchronous focusing experiment, pyrotechnics parts processing and nuclear weapon assembly; the third branch was a mechanical processing plant, which was responsible for sand turning, forging, heat treatment and oxygen production; and the fourth branch was a mechanical processing plant The plant is a thermal power plant, which is responsible for supplying heat, water and power to the base, and is still in use today; the fifth branch is a water plant; the sixth branch is a detonation test site; the seventh branch is a radiochemistry and neutron physics experiment site.

The former site of the base is divided into two areas. Area B is located in Haiyan County, which is mainly the living area. Area a is now Xihai town (Atomic City), which is the political, cultural, scientific research and production center of the base. There are 18 county-level units in area a, referred to as "area 18 a".

Traffic information

There is a direct bus to Xihai town of Haiyan County in Xining. Xining long distance bus station is located at the north end of Jianguo Road, about 600 meters south of the railway station.

There is a direct bus to Xihai town at Xining long distance passenger station, 23 yuan per person, about 2 hours.

On July 9, 2018, the y981 / 2 "China Atomic City" red tourism train officially opened. The "China Atomic City" tourist train is tentatively scheduled to run from July 9 to July 31 (the opening time in August and later is to be determined). The ticket booking period is 10 days in advance (including that day), and tickets are only sold at the station.

Xining to China Atomic City (i.e. No.3 branch of the original 221 plant in Xihai town) is located near Haibei aluminum

）Y981 departs from Xining station at 7:00 and arrives at China Atomic City station at 8:20 every day; y982 departs from China Atomic City station at 16:55 and arrives at Xining station at 18:12. The one-way fare is 8.5 yuan.

Memorabilia

In 1956, the central government decided to build a nuclear weapons research and development base;

In 1957, the site was selected nationwide;

In June 1958, Mao Zedong pointed out: "the atomic bomb is such a big thing. Without it, people say you don't count. Well, let's do a little bit. Let's do a little bit of atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and intercontinental missile. I think it's possible to do it in 10 years.

In July 1958, Deng Xiaoping, on behalf of the Party Central Committee, approved the site selection report for the nuclear weapons project, which was in Jinyintan, Haiyan County, Qinghai Province.

In November 1958, China's nuclear weapons project, code named 221, was officially launched, and a large number of builders and scientific researchers gathered in the Jinyintan grassland from all sides of the motherland.

At 15:00 on October 16, 1964, China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully.

On June 17, 1967, China's first hydrogen bomb exploded successfully. -In 1987, the general office of the State Council and the general office of the Central Military Commission made a decision to cancel 221 factories.

In 1993, the base was handed over to Qinghai Province as a whole after it was decommissioned, becoming the only nuclear weapon research and development base in the world that voluntarily decommissioned.

On May 15, 1995, Xinhua News Agency announced to the whole world that 221 base had been completely decommissioned. Atomic City was determined as the location of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, and was renamed Xihai town.

In 1996, the provincial Party committee and government approved the former site of 221 factory as a provincial patriotic education base.

On September 18, 1999, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Party Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission solemnly commended 23 scientists who have made outstanding contributions to China's "two bombs and one satellite" cause, and awarded them to Yu Min and Wang Daheng

Chinese PinYin : Yuan Zi Cheng