Red Guard cemetery

The tombs of the red guards are the only remaining tombs in China. The cemetery is located in the southwest corner of shaping Park in Chongqing, on the gentle slope of the artificial lake bank (next to a Catholic Church rebuilt in 1990). It is the only well preserved tomb in China.

Tombs of Red Guards

synonym

The cemetery of red guards generally refers to the tombs of red guards

The tombs of the red guards are the only remaining tombs in China. The cemetery is located in the southwest corner of shaping Park in Chongqing, on the gentle slope of the artificial lake bank (next to a Catholic Church rebuilt in 1990). It is the only well preserved tomb in China. The gray wall made of stone blocks with a height of about three to six meters roughly encloses the cemetery in the shape of a boat; the cemetery is high in the West and low in the East, forming several trapezoidal terraces; the cemetery covers an area of about 3000 square meters (about 4.5 mu). The tombs face east from the west, implying that the owner of the tombs will always "heart to the red sun". The cemetery is closed due to years of disrepair.

Basic introduction

occupant of a tomb

1. The youngest was 14 years old (2 persons), and the oldest was 60 years old. 2. The age of death: 35.2% (69 persons) were under 20 years old, 33.7% (66 persons) were 21-30 years old, 20.9% (41 persons) were 31-40 years old, 7.7% (15 persons) were 41-50 years old, and 2.6% (5 persons) were over 50 years old.

3. Occupation of the dead: 58.9% (176), 34.8% (104), 4.7% (14), 2% (6), 1% (3) and 0.67% (2), respectively.

open grave

The "815" cemetery, located not far from the Xiaoxi Pavilion in Chongqing shaping Park, is basically a rebel group of middle school red guards and Chongqing factory and mining workers who were killed between May and August 1967. Most of them are in their teens or twenties, while the younger are only in their teens. The cemetery is built in a small forest. It is close to mountains and rivers, and the birds sing quietly. Long ago, it was a tomb of PLA martyrs. It is said that the "815 faction" chose this geomantic treasure land and invited Mr. Feng Shui. First of all, it is located in the secluded part of shaping Park, which used to be the common meeting place of underground parties before liberation, and it has symbolic significance. Second, no matter how powerful the "anti extremists" are, they will not attack here. Shaping park is almost the hinterland of the "815" faction. During the fighting period of the cultural revolution, the "815 faction", led by Chongqing University, occupied all the territory of Shapingba, and the "anti extremists" in the area fled.

According to statistics, there are 113 tombs in this group, which contain members of the 815 faction who died or died during the fighting in Chongqing from 1967 to 1968. The earliest time of building tombs and erecting steles began in June 1967 and ended in January 1969 at the latest.

Due to the poor preservation of tombstones, only 113 tombs can be confirmed at present. The data about the tomb owners given here are the statistical results later. According to the traditional Chinese custom, it is rare to have a tomb for one person. However, it is very common that there are more than one head in this group. Therefore, the calculated data is far from the number of existing tombs, and considering the influence of environmental factors and human factors, the data here is only for reference.

brief introduction

There is no unified planning for the layout of the cemetery, and it is buried at will according to the unwritten law of first come, second come. Some of the tombs are very dense, while others are more sparse and unsymmetrical. The main materials for building the tomb are stone slabs, green bricks, triad and cement. The style of a single tomb is generally simple. There is no independent stone tablet. The carved stone is embedded in the front of the tomb, and the epitaph, epitaph and epitaph are integrated.

content

Tomb No. 9 imitates the monument of the people's Heroes most seriously and closely. The base of the tomb is surrounded by beautiful millstone railings. Wen's tomb skirt is more than ten meters wide. The body and top of the stele are usually decorated with the emblem of the 815 sect (the torch with the name of the sect). Most of the inscriptions on the main body of the tombstone are in the form of wild grass: "long live the martyrs.". Interspersed with the fierce slogans with distinctive characteristics of the times: "the head can be broken, the blood can flow, Mao Zedong thought can not be lost; you can be beaten, you can be fought, and you will never lower the revolutionary head"; or the poems of Mao Zedong and Lu Xun expressing mourning: "for the sake of sacrifice, how ambitious, dare to teach the sun and the moon to change the sky", "the blood is fertile and strong grass in the Central Plains, the earth is cold and full of spring".

Inscriptions

Inscription on Tomb 105

With the unique Lyric language of that era, the representative eulogy on No. 105 tombstone was used to express the memory and praise of the dead, with the focus on proving the reactionary, unjust and political legitimacy of the opposite side with the lives of the dead. "The blood is rich, the central plains are rich and strong, the earth is cold, and the spring blooms. Zhang Guangyao, sun Yulou, Ou Jiarong, Yu Zhiqiang, Tang Xiaoyu, Li yuanxiu, Cui Peifen and Yang wuhui, the most loyal red guards of Chairman Mao and the most outstanding soldiers of the Maoist fighting group, shed their last drop of blood in order to defend Chairman Mao's revolutionary line in August. They illuminated the way for later generations to forge ahead with the brilliance of their lives. My dead comrades in arms, when we think of you, we are full of courage and strength. We are determined to fight for victory without fear of sacrifice. The red flag is in disorder at the foot of Buzhou mountain, and the blue blood urges the hero flower to bloom. Dear comrades in arms, today, we have ushered in the red cloud of laughter with fighting. I love the world like fire. Your red blood has soaked the red flag of the rebellion on August 15. Ah! We hold high your red blood, which has turned into the August 15 torch of revolution. This torch, we hold it tightly! The head can be broken, the blood can flow, and Mao Zedong thought will never be lost. Your sonorous vows have gathered into thousands of troops, thousands of horses, and thousands of troops. Your hero's body, like the green pines and cypresses, stands majestically on the red rock ridge and on the top of Gele Mountain. He inherited the martyr's will with tears and vowed to turn his last wish into a grand plan. Tens of thousands of martyrs have died bravely in front of us for the benefit of the people. Let's hold high their flag and march forward with their blood! The martyrs of the Maoist fighting group are immortal! The death martyrs of the revolutionary group will be immortal! The Maoist fighting group of Chongqing revolutionary and rebellious war school (formerly No.29 middle school) was founded in June 1967.

Inscription on Tomb 82

Generally, inscriptions can provide more complete information about the life of the deceased, and mixed with performance appraisal political comments. For example, tomb 82: "Comrade Jiang Pijia resume Chairman Mao's most loyal Red Guard Comrade Jiang Pijia (male) was born in Xiaolongkan, Chongqing on September 5, 1949. He joined the Red Guard of middle school students in October 1966 and joined the revolutionary rebel headquarters of red guards in March 1967. At 6:50 a.m. on August 21 of the same year, he died bravely to protect the safety of the central investigation team in Chongqing. He was only 20 years old During the cultural revolution, he always stood on the side of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line and fought bravely in the forefront of the struggle. In order to defend Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, he spilled the last drop of blood. Comrade Jiang PI Jia died for the revolution, which was more important than Mount Tai. ".

When the inscriptions were lost, all the inscriptions in the cemetery were weathered and eroded to different degrees: 23 inscriptions were incomplete, and 24 inscriptions were anonymous. The most serious one is tomb 71, in which the names of the 11 dead are completely weathered, and only the age of the dead can be identified; the number of deaths in this monument is calculated according to the space occupation recorded in the age. In tomb 85, a whole stone was pried away, so the names of 10 of the dead could not be identified.

Retention process

Location of tombs

42 years ago, Chongqing, a mountainous city, experienced the biggest "Cultural Revolution" fighting in the same period in China. The victims were scattered and buried in about 24 places in Chongqing. With the passage of time, these cemeteries have been relocated or uprooted, and only one well preserved one is located in shaping park.

Time of municipal cultural relics

On December 15, 2009, the cemetery was listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit in Chongqing. As a special historical recorder, the tomb of the Red Guard has experienced many twists and turns and faced the danger of being demolished several times. At that time, it has a long history, and its function of recording history and reflecting for later generations can be reflected. At present, the red guards cemetery in shaping park is the only well preserved and large-scale "Cultural Revolution" cemetery in China. In the process of its becoming a cultural relic, there have been disputes, but in the end, all opinions point to one basic point: it should be protected.

Different voices

Zheng Zhisheng's words

Chen Xiaowen, a researcher of the red guards cemetery and Chongqing Publishing House, based on the inscriptions, found that workers accounted for about 58.9% of the dead and red guards for about 40%. Among them, 46.5% were over 26 years old. The cemetery covers an area of about 3000 square meters, with the words "Cultural Revolution tombs" on the right side of the main entrance. There are several tombstones, which rise above the stone wall. Some of the inscriptions on the tombstones have been stripped or blurred.

Experts believe that this cemetery bearing history is being damaged by wind and rain, so it must be protected and rescued by law.

Zheng Zhisheng, 67, the only remaining Red Guard cemetery, said he was in tears every time he entered the cemetery.

Zheng Zhisheng graduated from the Department of electrical engineering of Chongqing University in 1967. The task he was given was to deal with it

Chinese PinYin : Hong Wei Bing Mu Yuan