Canglang Pavilion

Canglang Pavilion

Canglang Pavilion, located in the south of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, is one of the oldest gardens in Suzhou. It was first built in the Qingli period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1041-1048 A.D.), and was once the residence of Han Shizhong in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty (early 12th century A.D.). Canglang pavilion garden art is different, not into the garden gate will set up a pool of green water around the garden. The main scenery of the garden is rocks. Facing a earth mountain, Canglang stone pavilion is located on it. There is a pool at the foot of the mountain, and the mountains and rivers are connected by a winding corridor. Mingdao hall in the southeast of the rockery is the main building of the garden. In addition, there are five hundred sages' ancestral hall, kanshan tower, cuilinglong hall, Yangzhi Pavilion and yubeiting Pavilion.

Canglang Pavilion, together with Shizi forest, Zhuozheng garden and Liuyuan garden, is one of the four major gardens in Suzhou in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition to Canglang Pavilion itself, there are also buildings and landscapes such as Yinxin stone house, Mingdao hall and Guanshan building.

Canglangting was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province in 1982, included in the world heritage list by UNESCO in 2000 as the supplementary project of Suzhou classical gardens, a world cultural heritage, and listed as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relic protection units by the State Council in 2006.

Historical evolution

In the late period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, sun Chengyou, the wife and younger brother of Qian Chu, the king of Wu and Yue, served as the governor of the Chinese Wu army in the second year of Kaibao of Song Dynasty (969). He once built a villa in canglangting.

In the fourth year of Qingli (1044) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shunqin, the director of Jixian academy, was demoted in Bianjing. The next year he lived in Wuzhong. He saw that sun's family had abandoned about 60 search land and bought it for 40000 yuan. The pavilion was built in Beiqiao and named Canglang Pavilion. Su Shunqin often sailed and played in boats. He called himself Canglang Weng and wrote Canglang Pavilion. He often wrote poems with Ouyang Xiu, Mei Shengyu, etc. From then on, the name of Canglang spread.

Su Shunqin died in 1048. In the end, Zhang Dun and Gong Mingzhi got half of each. Zhang Dun enlarged the garden, built a large pavilion, and built a hall on the mountain. When he started construction, he found a cave across the water in the north. There was a big stone embedded in the ground. It is said that it was hidden by the king of Guangling in the Five Dynasties. So it expanded. At the beginning of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, the garden was occupied by Han Qi Wang Shizhong and was renamed "Han Yuan". Han built a bridge between the two mountains, named "Feihong", which was inscribed by Zhang Anguo. The landscape of the garden remained until the Qing Dynasty (1111-1115). According to the Song Dynasty "Pingjiang map" stele, this is "Han Garden", the north and south ends of the garden are roughly level with the original temple and Fu school, and the gate is in the south.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Canglang pavilion was abandoned as a monk's residence. During the Yanhu reign of emperor Renzong of Yuan Dynasty (1314-1320), Seng Zongjing built Miaoyin nunnery on the site of canglangting. The west side of the nunnery is the South Chan temple. In Huizong zhizhengjian (1341-1368), monk Shanqing built Dayun nunnery, a jiecao nunnery, on the east side of Miaoyin nunnery. Shen Zhou and Yang junqian lived here in Ming Dynasty.

In the 24th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1391), when Baotan monk lived in Jiyun temple, Miaoyin and Dayun nunnery were combined to Jiyun temple. On October 13, 1476, the temple was destroyed by fire. After ten years of hard work, the great hall was built. In 1534, the prefect Hu zanzong rebuilt Miaoyin temple into Hanqi temple. During the 32 years since Zhengde, Dayun nunnery has been revived and abolished several times. In 1546, monk Wen Ying rebuilt Canglang Pavilion.

In 1684, governor Wang Xinming of Jiangning ordered the construction of Su Gong temple in canglangting site. In 1695, when song Luo was caressing Wu, he visited the remains of the Canglang Pavilion in Zimei, which was already gone. Therefore, he planned to recover and build the pavilion on the top of the mountain, and got the word "Canglang Pavilion" in the official script of Wen Zhengming to unveil the lintels. It's called re cultivation, but it's the same as re creation.

However, the scale of the garden was inferior to that of the Song Dynasty, and there were no more open fields in the north and south of the river. In 1719, Governor Wu Cunli ordered workers and materials to build the imperial stele Pavilion in the garden, and the houses were also renovated.

In the 38th year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1773), Hu Jitang, a military envoy, built the Zhongzhou Sanxian temple on the west side of canglangting (part of the site of Nanchan Temple). Emperor Qianlong had been stationed in the garden many times during his southern tour. In the south of the garden, an arch was built and a royal road was built.

In 1827, Liang Zhangju rebuilt the pavilion again. The couplet, composed of poems by Su Shunqin and Ouyang Xiu, said, "the clear wind and bright moon are priceless, and there are feelings in the mountains and rivers.". He also wrote the poem "Ode to Canglang Pavilion". In addition, the old Zimei temple on the left side of the pavilion and the Shangqiu Temple of king Qi were all decorated, and in the east of the road, the space was designated as the place where people could sing. At that time, Tao Shu, the governor of Jiangsu Province, saw more than 300 portraits of famous people in Wuzhong collected in Guyuan Bijiang Xiaozhu, a book collector. Later, more than 200 portraits were collected by local people. He ordered Kong Jiyao to paint and Shen Shiyu to copy the stone. When Liang Zhangju completed the renovation of Canglang Pavilion, he bought the house beside the pavilion and rebuilt it into a ancestral temple the next year. Every year is a time of sacrifice. In 1838, Governor Chen Zhimei rebuilt the Dayun nunnery in the pavilion, and the historic site was renewed.

In 1860, Canglang pavilion was destroyed by war. More than half of the Sanxian ancestral hall in Zhongzhou was also destroyed.

In 1872, the governor Zhang Shusheng and the governor Ying Baoshi rebuilt the old Pavilion and built Mingdao hall in the south of Canglang Pavilion. In the west of the back of Mingdao hall, there are five hundred sages' ancestral halls, which were inscribed at Yingbao time. The south side of the temple is cuilinglong, and the north side is mianshuixuan. There are Jingyin and lotus waterside pavilions in waterfront buildings. In addition, there are Qingxiang hall, wenmiaoxiang room, Yaohua realm, Jianxin book house, buqiao, Yinxin stone house, Guanshan building, etc. all the halls are connected by corridors, and most of the pavilions and pavilions are old names.

At that time, there was a stage on the opposite side of Mingdao Hall (today's "Yao Hua realm") and a long chamber on the left and right, which was very spectacular. Unfortunately, it was damaged later. Behind the stage, there is a gate to the ancient Dayun temple. The garden was taken care of by nuns. It was still a place for official entertainment, and sometimes an altar was set up to pray for rain. In 1874, Governor Wu Yuanbing rebuilt Zhongzhou Sanxian temple. At this time, the garden is adjacent to Sanxian temple in Zhongzhou in the west, South Chan temple in the southwest, shijiaqiao in the southeast, and water in the East and North.

At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Canglang pavilion was still inhabited by Zen people. In 1908, there was no ancient Dayun nunnery on the map of Suzhou. There were still fire temple, Fangsheng nunnery and xiannongtan. The garden was also borrowed by the Westernization Bureau and other bureaus, and at most seven bureaus flourished. Later, it was under the management of Wu County business establishment Bureau.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, the Bureau of compiling local records of Wu County was set up. Two repairs failed. In the 14th year of the Republic of China, Suzhou Art School rented Sanxian temple. In 1926, the stage collapsed. In the drought of the same year, the authorities welcomed the bronze statue of Avalokitesvara and offered it to Mingdao hall. Many worshippers came to the garden to gather bamboo leaves, fold bamboo poles and peel bark to make it an immortal.

In May 1927, Yan Wenliang was hired by the public welfare bureau to take charge of Canglang Pavilion. At that time, Canglang pavilion was deserted and the pavilion was broken. Wenliang proposed to donate money to repair it. Wu Zishen, a painter of Wu County, generously paid 4000 yuan to renovate the garden. It took more than years to restore its appearance. Later, it set up an art museum, and later changed into a special art school. At this time, the southern boundary of the garden ended at the watchtower. When Suzhou was occupied, the Japanese headquarters was occupied and seriously damaged. In the spring of 1940, the puppet provincial government appropriated the address of Jiangsu Guoxue society and recruited scholars from all over the country to attend monthly classes.

In 1941, Gao Guanwu, the chairman of the Wang puppet Jiangsu provincial government, raised 35000 yuan "China Reserve Certificate" to repair the garden. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, in 1945, Suzhou Academy of fine arts was restored here. The garden was desolate and unable to be restored. In June 1948, Henan University moved to the Soviet Union. Its headquarters was in Yiyuan, and its College of Arts was in canglangting. In June of the next year, it returned to Kaifeng.

After the liberation of Suzhou in April 1949, the people's Government of Suzhou took over canglangting, which was managed by the Municipal Bureau of culture and education. In September 1953, it was handed over to the landscape renovation Committee for construction, and the old was removed and the new repaired. In 1954, the landscape management office took over.

In the Spring Festival of 1955, it was officially opened for sightseeing, and the gate was "Canglang Pavilion". In 1963, Canglang pavilion was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Suzhou. In 1964, when Chairman Zhu De visited Suzhou, he presented 10 pots of Cymbidium and "orchid spectrum" to the garden. In the garden, a Orchid Garden (formerly "Yinxin bookstore") was added.

During the "Cultural Revolution" (hereinafter referred to as the "Cultural Revolution"), Canglang pavilion was once renamed "workers, peasants and soldiers" park. Cultural relics, furniture, plaques, couplets, brick carvings, etc. were destroyed by the "four old", and couplets in Daoguang and Tongzhi years were mostly lost. In 1967, Suzhou was once closed due to the fighting between the two schools.

Since 1978, it has been renovated year by year, dredged the river, adjusted the layout of furnishings, strengthened the maintenance of flowers and trees, and greatly improved the landscape. In 1982, Canglang pavilion was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. In 1985, Canglang pavilion was overhauled and opened to the outside world. Since then, the plaques and couplets have been restored year by year, and in 1989, the Canglang Pavilion by Gui Youguang was re engraved. In 1986, with an investment of more than 100000 yuan, the pond in front of Yuanmen was excavated westward to expand the water surface and build a stone revetment. The stone tablet square of "Canglang scenic spot" in the north of Shiqiao bridge was moved to the former site to restore the old view.

In 1989, the Suzhou municipal government strengthened the renovation of the surrounding environment of canglangting garden and purified the river water outside the garden. In 1995, Mingdao hall was overhauled. In 1998, Qingxiang hall and wenmiaoxiang room were renovated, and a new stele named "addendum to the famous sages of Wujun" was carved

Chinese PinYin : Cang Lang Ting