Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve

Yongan Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve

synonym

Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve generally refers to Yong'an Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve

Yongan Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve is located in Yong'an City, central Fujian Province, with a total area of more than 11000 hectares and a virgin forest coverage rate of 96.7%. It is one of the key nature reserves in Fujian Province. This area is located in the remaining vein of Daiyun mountain, which belongs to the mid subtropical marine monsoon climate zone. The zonal soil is red soil formed by weathering of granite and sandstone. It is a forest ecological type nature reserve. It is not only an important water conservation forest region of Minjiang River, but also one of the rare species gene pools in China, with a variety of animals and plants protected by the state. The diversity of environment in the area determines the diversity and particularity of forest vegetation types, which constitutes the main body of landscape resources in Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve, making it not only of high scientific value, but also of high tourism value.

Features of scenic spots

Yongan Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve is located in Shiluo mountain, 25 kilometers away from the urban area, at the junction of Xiyang, Shangping and Qingshui. The reserve covers an area of 11000 hectares. This area is the remaining vein of Daiyun mountain, which belongs to the middle and low mountain landform. The highest is Tianbaoyan, the main peak, with an altitude of 1604.8 meters; the lowest is 580 meters, with 22 peaks above 1000 meters. Devonian and Jurassic sedimentary rocks and deep intrusive granite are exposed in the area. The forest coverage rate is 96.8%, which is an important water conservation forest area in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Sukeng stream, Guixi stream and Shusha stream, the tributaries of Shaxi, the main stream of Minjiang River, all originate in the nature reserve and form a dendritic water system. In June 2003, Tianbaoyan was listed as a national nature reserve by the State Council. Tianbaoyan is not only an important water conservation forest region of Minjiang River, but also one of the rare species gene pools in China. According to statistics, there are more than 3200 species of animals and plants in more than 640 families in the reserve, including 12 species of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, calyx wood, leopard and Tragopan.

The most distinctive features of Tianbaoyan are the large-area natural distribution of Tsuga longibracteata forest, Rhododendron Hericium and the peat moss swamp discovered for the first time in Southeast China. The geomorphic and vegetation characteristics of these primeval forests are rare in China, which have high scientific research value for the study of ecosystem and global climate change.

The protection of vegetation in Tianbaoyan can be traced back to 200 years ago. As early as the 47th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty and the 11th year of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty, four forbidden cutting steles were erected in benshe, goudunping, xiangmulin and Linhou in Tianbaoyan district to protect the local forest resources, which is extremely rare in the history of Chinese nature conservation. Today, Tianbaoyan has been established as a National Nature Reserve, which is more conducive to the sustainable conservation of this natural species gene pool and natural landscape.

natural condition

geographical position

Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve is located at the junction of Xiyang, Shangping and Qingshui townships (towns) in the east of Yong'an City, Fujian Province, 36 km away from Yong'an City. Its geographical coordinates are: east longitude 117 rve28 ˝ 3 ˝ 117 rve35 ˝ 28 ˝, north latitude 25 rve50 ˝ 51 ˝ 26 ˝ 1 ˝ 20 ˝. The total area of the region is 11015.38 hectares, including 3401.56 hectares of core area, 2678.92 hectares of buffer area and 4934.9 hectares of experimental area.

terrain

Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province is located in the aftervein of Daiyun mountain, which belongs to middle and low mountain landforms. The highest elevation is 1604.8 meters, and the lowest elevation is 580 meters, with a relative elevation difference of 1024.8 meters. There are 22 peaks above 1000 meters above sea level. Devonian and Jurassic sedimentary rocks and deep intrusive granite are exposed in the reserve. The bottom of Nanxi Valley is fine-grained quartz sandstone with high quartz content. The surface is iron

Dyed purple red, fresh noodles are gray white.

climate

Fujian Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve is a subtropical marine monsoon climate zone with four distinct seasons, warm and humid climate and superior light, heat and water conditions. According to the records of Yong'an Meteorological Bureau, the annual average temperature of the reserve is 15 ℃, the average temperature in January is 5 ℃, the extreme low temperature is - 11 ℃, the average temperature in July is 23 ℃, and the extreme high temperature is 40 ℃; the active accumulated temperature is 4500-5800 ℃, and the frost free period is 290 days; the annual average precipitation is 2039 mm, mostly concentrated from May to September, and the annual average relative humidity is more than 80%.

soil

The zonal soil is red soil formed by weathering of granite and sandstone, which is distributed below 800 meters above sea level and shows a certain vertical change with the rise of sea level. It is mountain yellow red soil from 800 to 1350 meters above sea level, and mountain yellow soil from 1350 meters above sea level. The soil layer in most areas is thin, but the soil layer in the distribution area of Tsuga longibracteata forest and Rhododendron erinaceus forest is thick, which is more than 1 meter thick. The humus layer is about 20 cm thick, and the surface litter layer is 5-20 cm thick. The surface soil is loam, and the soil is acidic.

Forest resources

Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve is rich in natural resources, with a forest coverage rate of 96.8%. It is one of the rare areas with rich species gene pool and small area biodiversity in China, and it is also an important water conservation forest area of Minjiang River. The main vegetation types can be divided into 8 vegetation types, 39 formations and 52 clusters. It contains many typical vegetation types in the middle subtropics of China, and has the typicality, diversity and systematicness of the vegetation types in the middle subtropics.

plant resources

Fujian Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve belongs to the transition zone between Pan Arctic flora and Paleotropical flora, and is a core part of China Japan forest flora. There are many species of vascular plants in the reserve, including 1512 species belonging to 688 genera and 185 families. Among them, 169 species belong to 71 genera of 37 families, 27 species belong to 20 genera of 8 families and 1316 species belong to 597 genera of 140 families. There are some endemic species in the nature reserve, and there are many rare and endemic species.

According to statistics, there are 21 species of national key protected wild plants in the nature reserve, including 5 species of Cycas, Cycas sichuanensis, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus chinensis var. mairei and calyx wood, 16 species of jinmaogou, Phoebe bournei, Alsophila spinulosa, jinqiansong, Torreya grandis, 38 species of provincial key protected plants, 18 species of orchids, and the earliest source of "yongansu" famous orchid.

The zonal vegetation of the reserve is evergreen broad-leaved forest. With the increase of altitude, the decrease of temperature and the increase of precipitation, there are four vertical bands, namely evergreen coniferous forest, evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and middle mountain bryophyte dwarf forest (1100-1250m). This distribution pattern is typical and representative in Southeast China and even in the middle subtropical zone.

The most typical protected objects are: the original Tsuga longibracteata forest. Tsuga longibracteata is a endangered species endemic to China, and it is also an ancient species left over from the Quaternary glacial period. The distribution area of Tsuga longibracteata forest in the area is 186.7 hectares, and the pure forest is 20 hectares, ranking first in China. It has been listed as a key protected plant in Fujian Province.

The original Rhododendron forest. Rhododendron erinaceus forest is the most representative mountain bryophyte dwarf forest and topographical climax community in the East subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest subregion, which is distributed in cold, wet and windy isolated mountain peaks and ridges. The precipitous mountains in the area cover an area of 106.7 hectares, with 40 hectares of pure forest. Every May, Tianbaoyan and Tiandou mountain become a sea of flowers, which is rare in China.

Sphagnum bog. Peat moss swamps are mainly distributed in Northeast China, with small areas in Central China and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. Two peat moss swamps in the Intermountain basin are discovered for the first time in Southeast China, with a total area of 30.7 hectares. The discovery of this freshwater wetland is of great significance to the study of floristic composition, vegetation types and geological changes.

Animal resources

The fauna of the nature reserve mainly belongs to Oriental and Palaearctic. There are 405 species of terrestrial vertebrates known in the reserve, including 68 species of 21 families in 8 orders of Mammalia, 232 species of 46 families in 18 orders of ornitha, which is one of the regions rich in bird resources in the world, 74 species of 12 families in 3 orders of Reptilia, 31 species of 7 families in 2 orders of amphibians, 68 species of 14 families in 5 orders of freshwater fish, and 1154 species of Kun insects in 32 orders and 230 families. There are 405 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the reserve, including 2 Endangered Species of South China tiger and leopard listed by IUCN (1996), and 9 vulnerable species. 13 species, including black bear and otter, are listed in Appendix I of cites (2003); 34 species, including pangolin and tiger frog, are listed in Appendix II; 48 species, including national key protected wildlife (1988). Among them, there are 8 species of national class I protected animals, including leopard, clouded leopard, South China tiger, black muntjac, yellow bellied horned pheasant, Papilionidae, pheasant and python; 42 species of national class II protected animals, such as pangolin, black bear, Sumen antelope and scarab, are listed in the list of national protected terrestrial wild animals with beneficial or important economic and scientific research value

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