Tongji University

Tongji University, referred to as "Tongji", is a national key university directly under the Ministry of education and a key construction University of the national "211 Project" and "985 Project". It is one of the famous "eight old schools of architecture" in China. Founded in 1907 by Dr. Erich paulun, a German doctor, the school was taught in German until 1950. Tongji University, together with Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University and East China Normal University, is known as the "four famous universities" in Shanghai, and its comprehensive strength ranks in the forefront of domestic universities.

essential information

Historical evolution

Tongji start up

In 1893, Dr. Erics paulum, a German doctor, came to Shanghai to open a clinic near the German Consulate General. Later, he and several German doctors in Shanghai established the "German Medical Association". During the invasion of China by the Allied forces of the eight countries, Germany brought in a large number of medical equipment and hired Dr. Baolong, who was famous in Shanghai at that time, to assist in the establishment of the wounded hospital in Shanghai. When the German army returned home, in order to thank Baolong, all the medical equipment of the wounded hospital was given to Baolong.

In 1900, with the support of Wilhelm knappe, the German Consul General in Shanghai, Baolong opened a 20 bed hospital beside the new road in Zhangjiabang. Funded by China and Germany, it is named "Tongji Hospital", with Baolong as the president. In early 1904, Knapp held talks in Berlin with representatives of the German Ministry of foreign affairs, the Prussian Ministry of culture and the director of the Oriental Language Department of Berlin University. When talking about the implementation of German education policy in China, Knapp proposed a plan to open German medical schools in Shanghai.

In 1905, the German Ministry of foreign affairs and the Prussian Ministry of culture reached a consensus on the establishment of a German medical school in Shanghai. Althoff, director of Education Department of Prussian Ministry of culture, established the "Koppel foundation for promoting spiritual and cultural relations between Germany and foreign countries". The foundation is directly supervised by the Ministry of culture and its board of directors is headed by a business consultant, Koppel. The Koppel foundation is not only responsible for raising money, but also appears as the founder of the school.

In March 1907, Koppel foundation, Committee for promoting German culture in China, Shanghai German Medical Association and Tongji Hospital signed the agreement on the establishment of German medical school in Shanghai drafted by Prussian Ministry of culture in Berlin. On June 3, 1907, the board of directors of German medical school was formally established, with 18 members.

On October 1, 1907, the opening ceremony of the medical school was held, named "German medical school".

In 1908, German medical school was renamed Tongji German medical school. "Tongji" at that time implied that the German people and the Chinese people were in the same boat. The word "Tongji" came from the homonym of German "Deutsch" in Shanghai dialect, which implied cooperation and mutual aid.

In 1909, Dr. Baolong died of illness in Shanghai on March 5. The elder of Shanghai German Medical Association, Dr. forshaber, took over the post of chief supervisor and Prime Minister of Tongji German medical school. The school board members named the school "Tongji", which means to work together, hoping to benefit mankind with modern medicine.

In 1912, Tongji German medical school added engineering, and changed its name to Tongji German medical school, which set up three departments: medicine, engineering and German. The school is funded by the board of directors of the school and led by forshaber. At that time, Zhang Jinshu, he Lizhong and Jiang Fengzhi, three students of grade three of medical science, participated in the first graduation examination of the school according to the medical examination rules of German University, and all passed the examination successfully and graduated on schedule. They are the first graduates in Tongji history.

In 1917, the first World War came to an end. In February 1917, the United States announced that it would break diplomatic relations with Germany, and soon declared war on Germany. The French concession in Shanghai announced the dissolution of Tongji Medical School on the ground that Tongji Medical School is a German industry. In order to prevent the German from using the school's machinery to manufacture weapons, the school was ordered to leave on the same day. To this end, all sectors of the community jointly call the Ministry of education, please try to make arrangements for the rehabilitation of Tongji students. The Ministry of education immediately sent someone to discuss and move the school to Wusong town to continue the school. On April 23, 1917, the Ministry of education ordered the school to be a Chinese private school, run by the Chinese board of directors, directly under the leadership of the Ministry of education, and renamed Tongji Medical School. In December of the same year, it was renamed private Tongji Medical and engineering school. The former Tongji Devon medical and engineering college was rebuilt by the Chinese and French governments into the Chinese French Institute of Technology (now Shanghai University of Technology).

In 1922, the school officially moved to Wusong town. According to Baoshan county annals, Tongji Devon medical school was taken over by Dong Hua in 1917 and moved to Wusong Chinese public school. In 1918, under the leadership of yuan Xitao, the Vice Minister of the Ministry of education, the Ministry of education funded the purchase of 150 mu of land in Wusong to prepare for the construction of school buildings. After completion in 1921, they moved into new school buildings one after another. In 1922, "Shenbao" and "current affairs news" reported that Tongji Medical School was perfect and ranked first among all medical schools in China. It was named Tongji University in 1923.

On May 20, 1924, the Ministry of Education approved Tongji Medical University. Therefore, May 20 of each year is designated as the school day.

National period

In August 1927, the school was officially taken over by the Ministry of education of Nanjing National Government and named national Tongji University. The original medical and engineering departments were renamed Medical College and Engineering College respectively.

In September 1927, Tongji University opened the women's ban, the first to recruit two girls.

During the January 28 Incident in 1932, many factories and schools in Wusong area were destroyed by Japanese aircraft. The main buildings of Tongji University, such as auditorium, electrical laboratory, material laboratory, some dormitories and practice factories, were destroyed, and the loss of books, machines, specimens, models and other equipment was more serious. After the winter vacation, the new semester can not be taught. In this case, President Hu Shuhua tried every means to make all the teachers and students temporarily move to Minsheng square in julai Road (now Julu Road) to continue their classes. At the same time, teachers and students took part in rescuing the wounded to support the 19th Route Army in fighting against the enemy. With the help of Zhu Jiahua, Wusong school was soon restored.

On August 25, 1932, the school moved back to Wusong.

In May 1933, the political conference of the Kuomintang decided to put the houses, machines and factories of the National Labor University in Jiangwan and closed in 1932 under the jurisdiction of Tongji University. Tongji University was founded as an attached senior vocational school, which was later renamed as "Tongji University attached Senior Industrial Vocational School" by the order of the Ministry of education College).

In 1937, the colleges of Arts and science were set up, which became a multi-disciplinary comprehensive university. At that time, the Nanjing National Government imitated the American university system and set up a comprehensive national university in each province. National Tongji University is one of the first seven national universities established during the period of National University Construction in the Republic of China (1927). It is also one of the earliest comprehensive universities (including medical schools) in modern Chinese history. With the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, the beautiful Tongji campus was destroyed by the bombing of the invaders.

In order to seek "a calm desk", the school began to move in 1937. After three years of exile and six times of relocation, they successively traveled to Jinhua, Zhejiang, Ganzhou, Ji'an, Jiangxi, Babu Town, he County, Guangxi, Kunming, Yunnan and other places until they settled in Lizhuang ancient town, Yibin, Sichuan in 1940. Teachers and students continue to teach, adhere to the cultural war of resistance.

After moving back to Shanghai in 1946, Tongji University developed into a famous comprehensive university at home and abroad, which is famous for its five colleges of science, engineering, medicine, arts and law.

In August 1948, the Institute of Bacteriology published a newspaper to recruit graduate students.

Shanghai was liberated on May 27, 1949, and Tongji University was taken over by Shanghai military control commission on June 25. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was a college directly under the Ministry of higher education.

Adjustment of colleges and departments

Since 1949, in order to coordinate the overall layout of educational resources in New China, Tongji University has undergone many adjustments.

In September 1949, the school of liberal arts and the school of law were merged into Fudan University. Later, Fudan University supported the construction of East China University of political science and Law (now East China University of political science and law) and Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (now Shanghai University of Finance and Economics).

In 1950, in order to support the medical and health services of Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan and Jiangxi provinces (central and southern regions), the medical college and affiliated Tongji Hospital were all moved to Wuhan, Hubei Province. After merging with the Medical College of Wuhan University, they were renamed as central and Southern Tongji Medical College (now Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of science and Technology) and Wuhan Tongji Hospital.

In 1951, the civil engineering departments of Guanghua University and Daxia University were merged into Tongji University, and the animal and plant departments of science college were merged into East China Normal University.

From August to the end of September, 1952, the departments of mathematics, physics and chemistry were transferred to Fudan University, East China Normal University, East China Institute of Chemical Technology (now East China University of science and Technology), and the departments of mechanics, electrical engineering and shipbuilding were transferred to Jiaotong University (now Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University) and supported Nanjing Institute of technology（ Now Southeast University) and so on; the water conservancy group of Civil Engineering Department was transferred to East China University of water conservancy (now Hehai University). On September 6, the Ministry of education of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of education of East China decided to transfer Jiaotong University and the university to China

Chinese PinYin : Tong Ji Da Xue