Pine wind in Wanhe

Wind map of pines in Wanhe

synonym

The wind of Wanhe pines generally refers to the wind of Wanhe pines (paintings created by Li Tang in Song Dynasty)

"The painting of pines in Wanhe" is a colored landscape painting by Li Tang, a painter of Song Dynasty. It is now in the Palace Museum, Taipei.

In the picture of pines in ten thousand ravines, there are high mountains, rocks and cliffs, waterfalls and springs between cliffs, white clouds around hillsides and clear haze floating. Among the secluded cliffs and valleys in the deep mountains, the spring water and the lush pine forest set off the high mountains, rocks and dangerous rocks. Its composition, bold cutting, refining, the overall look of three-dimensional space strong, clear-cut. The two peaks crisscross, dignified, thick and clumsy, giving people a strong sense of atmosphere, showing the "pine wind in ten thousand ravines".

"The painting of pines in ten thousand ravines" opened a new era for the performance of sketch painting, and played an important role in the landscape painting in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

Together with Guo Xi's painting of early spring and fan Kuan's painting of traveling in the streams and mountains, it is known as "the three best paintings of Song Dynasty".

Painting content

In the picture of pines in ten thousand ravines, there are high mountains, steep rocks, waterfalls and springs between the cliffs, and white clouds around the mountainside. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, the pine forest is dense and lush. In the middle of the left, there are waterfalls, one line down, several fold down, turning into a stream, where the water passes through the rocks. At the foot of the mountain, there are many stones and pearls, and the current is surging.

In addition, on the far mountain beside the main peak, there is the inscription "Huang song Xuan and Jia Chen Chun He Yang Li Tang Bi".

Creative background

Although the Song Dynasty ended the separatist regime of Five Dynasties and ten states. However, the Sixteen States of Yanyun, which were ceded to Liao by the later Jin Dynasty, have not been recovered. The country was unified, but the territory was greatly reduced compared with Han and Tang Dynasties. The song people were always unhappy. The rulers of the Song Dynasty had no "ambition of four directions", and they were powerless to invade the Liao, Xixia and Jin people. They often lost their teachers and lands, so that the foreign invaders were "proud of their sons", "respectful of their brothers" and finally "loyal to their fathers". Song people's heart has long been confused by the false prosperity on the surface. However, the patriotic writers and artists at that time were especially solemn and stirring, indignant and depressed. Li Tang is a typical example.

The painting of pines in Wanhe was written in 1124 when Li Tang was about 58 years old in the Northern Song Dynasty Painting Academy.

Art appreciation

theme

Li Tang is a patriotic painter. In his heart, he is full of patriotic passion. In his mind, he is thinking about the plan of national restoration. His mood is just fierce. Therefore, what appears in his works are rigid lines, rapid setbacks, fierce axe cleavage, rather than weak, light and dispirited lines. In fact, with strong brushwork, the painting of Wanhe pines shows his inner feelings of restoration, which can not be concealed. The external quietness can not stop the internal heat. The Wanhe pines wind contains huge energy - emotional accumulation of a specific era.

Composition

In the composition of Wanhe SONGFENG, bold cutting, refining, taking the composition method of long-range landscape and highlighting local landscape, highlighting the main peak, in order to create an imminent visual experience. In the painting, the main peak is arranged in the center of the painting, with the cloud peaks scattered on the left and right. In response to the theory of painting, "the main peak should be the highest, and the guest mountain should be rushed to.". In this way, the works have a strong sense of three-dimensional space and distinct layers.

dark color

The painting of pines in Wanhe is dark and deep in ink, which has the characteristics of people in Northern Song Dynasty. On this basis, light ink cover dyeing is applied to make the scenery of the whole mountain harmonious and unified. The leaves are stained with large pieces of dark color, and then washed with light ink to appear dense and gloomy. Among them, the ink color between each stone has a slight transitional change, thus forming a three-dimensional feeling of "if there is nothing", so when dyeing, cyan and ochre are separately dyed, ink is covered with dye, and finally a thin layer of cyan or green is used to reflect the texture of iron cyan.

technique

The painting of pines in ten thousand valleys adopts the mountain stone texturing method, which combines the techniques of Li Cheng, fan Kuan and Guo Xi. It uses a variety of texturing methods to show different stone quality, such as the main peak, which is often textured with long nails and scraped iron. In the overlapping two main peaks, the painter makes different treatments for them: the structure of rocks near the mountain is oblique, the texturing method is clear, and the handwriting of small axe is obvious; the structure of distant mountains is straight Vertical, horizontal and parallel texturing, both the outline and the texturing pen are more blurred than the front mountain, thus opening the space between the two mountains. Double peaks crisscross, dignified, thick and clumsy, giving people a strong sense of atmosphere. In order to show the scene of "pine wind in Wanhe", the painter not only deliberately set up a vigorous pine forest in the middle, but also set up a variety of long pines in other parts of the picture to echo with the main pine forest. The difference is that the shape of these two pine trees is more beautiful. In terms of treatment, the painter mainly seeks the beauty of rhythm through the uneven appearance of pine leaves.

Comments on celebrities

Zhang Xiaoling, vice president of the National Academy of painting of China: "the whole scenery of the picture of pines in Wanhe is quite upright, with a deep feeling of brow pressing. However, relying on the ups and downs of mountain springs and the interpenetration of clouds and fog, people feel well-organized, bright and refreshing."

Influence of later generations

status

The painting of pines in Wanhe, Guo Xi's painting of early spring and fan Kuan's painting of traveling in streams and mountains are collectively known as the "three masterpieces of Song painting".

influence

Taking the method of long-range landscape and highlighting the part of landscape, the painting of Wanhe pines opened a precedent for the performance of sketch painting and played a pioneering role in the landscape painting in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

Historical heritage

The painting of pines in Wanhe, collected by song neifu, Jia Sidao, Ming neifu, Liang Qingbiao and Qing neifu, is recorded in the third edition of Shiqu Baoji and is now collected in the Palace Museum of Taipei.

Important exhibitions

In October 2011, the National Palace Museum in Taipei held a special exhibition of "wonderful 100 national treasure story" with the wind of pines in Wanhe as one of its exhibits.

About the author

Li Tang (after 1049-1130, or 1070-1150), a painter of Southern Song Dynasty. The word Xi ancient, Heyang three cities (now Henan Mengxian) people. At the beginning, he made a living by selling paintings. Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, entered the painting academy. After the southward migration, Cheng Zhonglang was appointed to the Academy of painting. Good at landscape, character. The method of changing Jing Hao and fan Kuan is vigorous, simple and powerful, which is the first of its kind in the Southern Song Dynasty. In his later years, he used a sharp brush to create a "big axe" texture. The stone is hard and has a strong sense of three-dimensional. The water is especially powerful and interesting. A part-time worker, Li Gonglin was the first master. His back pleats became square and stiff, forming his own style. He is famous for painting cattle. Together with Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia GUI, they are called "four masters of Southern Song Dynasty". The surviving works include the painting of pines in Wanhe, the painting of fishing in Qingxi, the painting of pines in Yansi and the painting of picking up flowers.

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