The first spring scenic spot in the world

The first spring scenic spot in the world

Located in Jinan City, Shandong Province, the No.1 spring scenic spot is a national AAAAA scenic spot, a national key Park, an advanced unit of national spiritual civilization construction, and a national scenic spot. With a total area of 3.1 square kilometers, the scenic spot is composed of "one river, one lake, three springs and four gardens". One river is the moat, one lake is Daming Lake, three springs are Baotu Spring, Heihu spring and Wulongtan spring group, and four parks are Baotu Spring Park, Huancheng Park, Wulongtan Park and Daming Lake scenic spot. It is a scenic spot with unique natural landscape and profound historical and cultural heritage.

On September 10, 2009, Jinan famous spring was listed in the second batch of China's national natural and cultural heritage preliminary list by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development (MOHURD) due to its large quantity, excellent water quality, beautiful shape, unique geological structure, profound history and culture, outstanding and universal ornamental value, unique, rare and endangered advantages, and became the first World Heritage application project with spring water as the theme in China. In November 2011, the moat spring landscape belt was selected as "China's top ten leisure resorts" by Qiushi magazine; in December of the same year, the scenic spot was awarded "China's living environment model award" by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development.

History and culture

The scenic spot has a long history. Baotu Spring, known as "Luo" in ancient times, is recorded in the spring and Autumn Annals. In the 18th year of Duke Huan of Lu (694 BC), "Gonghui Qi Hou Yu Luo" was named Baotu Spring by Zeng Gong in Song Dynasty. Moat, which was built in Han Dynasty and formed in Yuan Dynasty, completely runs through Ming Dynasty. Licheng county annals records that "in the 4th year of Hongwu of Ming Dynasty, moat circled the city for one week, the pool was five Zhang wide and the water depth was three feet ”It is an urban river connecting the Spring Lake and accompanying with the historical civilization of the spring city. Daming Lake was called lishuipi, lianzihu and Xihu in ancient times. It was recorded in shuijingzhu of the Northern Wei Dynasty that Luoshui flows northward as Daming Lake. Yuan Haowen of the Jin Dynasty began to call it Daming Lake in Ji'nan Xingji.

Baotu Spring, the first spring in the world, is the core of the scenic spot. The spring flows into a river and then converges into a lake. It is closely related to the ancient city of Mingfu. The spring, river, lake and city are integrated into one, which shows the unique scenery of spring water area.

Baotu Spring, Heihu spring and Wulongtan are the most famous springs in the spring city. There are 71 Famous Springs gathered in the scenic area. They are the most numerous, beautiful in shape, excellent in water quality, rich in history and culture, and valuable in science popularization and scientific research. Daming Lake is a natural lake composed of springs. The springs flow into the lake from the south bank, and flow out from the north water gate built in Song Dynasty when the lake is full It is composed of impermeable igneous rock, with constant rain and long drought. It is known as "the confluence of springs, pingtunjiluo". It is known as "the Pearl of spring city". The best portrayal of it is "lotus flowers on four sides, willows on three sides, a city with mountains and half a city lake". The moat formed by the confluence of springs is like a jade belt around the ancient city, and a necklace connecting scenic spots. The 6.9 km long waterway can be described as a river "One river with hundreds of sceneries", along the moat by boat, you can see more than 310 scenic spots, such as black tiger roaring moon, sudden leap into the sky, Luoyuan Qifeng, Longtan fish watching, crescent waterfall, Quehua misty rain, Huibo evening photo, autumn willow with smoke, detached Zhiyuan, zengdi lingering water, etc., forming a unique spring sightseeing view with unique resources, beautiful scenery, profound culture, complete preservation and unique in China The sightseeing belt makes tourists "enjoy the scenery without going out of the city, and enjoy the beauty of forest and spring when living in the downtown". It has become an important part of the characteristic symbol area of the spring city.

Cultural heritage

The scenic spot has beautiful natural scenery and profound cultural heritage. Besides the springs, rivers and lakes, there are more than 200 cultural landscapes and architectural sketches. There are more than 20 important cultural buildings, including the first building in Jiangbei, Chaoran building, which was built in the Yuan Dynasty, Luoyuan hall, eying temple, Sansheng Hall (collectively referred to as the three main halls), wanzhuyuan, Lixia Pavilion, Baixue building, Cangyuan, etc Shangzhitang, qiuliuyuan, Xiayuan, zhenhulou, Guanlan Pavilion, Quehua bridge, Laihe bridge, Wanghe Pavilion, liujiaoxi Pavilion, Fengxi fanmian Pavilion, Deyue Pavilion, Yuexia Pavilion, Tianxin Shuishui Pavilion, xiaocanglang Pavilion, etc.; more than ten historical sites: Luodang, qinqiong former residence site, beishuimen, Huibo tower, Mingchang Zhongting, guliting site, Tanxi guest night monument, etc.

There are five former residences of celebrities: Nanfeng ancestral hall in memory of Zeng Gong, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty and one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties; Jiaxuan ancestral hall in memory of Xin Qiji, a patriotic hero of the Southern Song Dynasty and a bold and unconstrained poet; Li Qingzhao Memorial Hall and Yi'an's former residence in memory of Li Qingzhao, a famous graceful poetess in the Song Dynasty; tie Gong ancestral hall in memory of tie Xuan, Minister of the Ministry of war of the Ming Dynasty; exhibition hall of "Lao She and Jinan" in memory of Lao She, a modern writer There are six historical memorial buildings: the May 3rd Pavilion, the May 3rd monument, the Jinan Massacre Memorial Hall, the former site of the Shandong provincial government of the Communist Party of China, the former site of the Kuomintang Jinan campaign temporary headquarters, the Jiefangge, the former site of Jinan north city wall, etc;

There are five famous stones in Taihu Lake: Guishi (the relic of Yunzhuang villa of Zhang yanghao, a Sanqu artist in Yuan Dynasty, which is the first famous stone in Jinan, and is also called the four spirit stones together with Longfeng, Fenglin stone) and daiyuefeng, Qiushi, Shoushi and Kui stone. Among them, Luoyuan hall, Lixia Pavilion and Tiegong temple are municipal cultural relics protection units; Daming Lake and Wanzhu garden are provincial cultural relics protection units; the former site of Shandong provincial leading organ of the Communist Party of China, "May 3rd" memorial garden and Jiefangge are not only revolutionary historical relics, but also patriotic education bases in Shandong Province.

The scenic spot has profound cultural heritage and rich cultural activities. More than ten large-scale traditional cultural activities are held throughout the year, reflecting the unique folk cultural characteristics of Jinan.

geographical environment

Located in the center of Jinan City, the capital of Shandong Province, the No.1 spring scenic spot is well located and has convenient transportation. It is composed of "one river (moat), one lake (Daming Lake), three springs (Baotu Spring, Heihu spring and Wulongtan spring group) and four gardens (Baotu Spring Park, Huancheng Park, Wulongtan public park and Daming Lake scenic spot)". It is a collection of unique natural landscape and profound experience With a total area of 3.1 square kilometers, it is a national AAAAA tourist attraction, a national key Park, an advanced unit of national spiritual civilization construction, and a national scenic spot.

On September 10, 2009, Jinan famous spring was listed in the second batch of China's national natural and cultural heritage preliminary list by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development (MOHURD) due to its large quantity, excellent water quality, beautiful shape, unique geological structure, profound history and culture, outstanding and universal ornamental value, unique, rare and endangered advantages, and became the first World Heritage application project with spring water as the theme in China.

In November 2011, the moat spring landscape belt was selected as "China's top ten leisure resorts" by Qiushi magazine; in December 2011, it was awarded "China's living environment model award" by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development.

Baotu Spring Scenic Spot

Baotu Spring, also known as Qianquan, is the source of Luoshui. The three springs are closely arranged in a line, burst out in unison, so they are called "the first spring" by Emperor Qianlong, and are the first of the 72 springs in Jinan. Zeng Gong in Song Dynasty named it "Baotu Spring". It also has the names of "Chuanquan", "eying water", "hot spring", "waterfall water" and "Sangushui". The so-called "Baotu" means jumping and rushing, which reflects the characteristics of the three caves of Baotu Spring.

Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote in his notes to the water classic: "on the spring, the water surges like a wheel, protruding snow waves for several feet, and the sound is like hidden thunder." Yuan Haowen, a poet of Jin Dynasty, described it as "looking at the Jade Pagoda between waves". Zhao Mengfu, a famous painter and poet of Yuan Dynasty, described it as "white jade pot gushing out of the plain". He Shaoji, a poet of Qing Dynasty, described it as "all the pearls flying upside down". In Liu e's travels to laocanji of Qing Dynasty, it was recorded that "three big springs, rising from the bottom of the pool, are two or three feet high on the surface of the water" Detailed: "the spring in the flat ground, the three grottoes, the snow waves, the sound like hidden thunder, the same in winter and summer.". Pu Songling, a famous litterateur, thinks that Baotu Spring is "the most famous spring in the world and the most popular resort in Qimen".

Baotu Spring water gushes from underground limestone cave, its maximum inflow reaches 240000 cubic meters per day, and the exposed elevation can reach 26.49 meters. The water is clear to the bottom, the water quality is mellow and sweet, and the bacteria content is very low. After testing, it meets the national drinking water standard. It is an ideal natural drinking water and can be directly drunk. "Baotu tengkong" was the first of the eight scenic spots in Jinan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The spring water is constant at about 18 ℃ all the year round. In severe winter, the water on the water is curling, like a thin layer of smoke. On one side, the spring pool is deep and sparkling, and on the other side, the pavilions are painted, carved beams and painted buildings, forming a wonderful fairyland on earth. The local people call it "cloud steaming and mist moistening". Baotu Spring water is clear and transparent with sweet taste. It is an ideal drinking water. It is said that when Emperor Qianlong went to Jiangnan, he brought Yuquan water from Beijing with him. After he tasted Baotu Spring Water in Jinan, he immediately changed it to Baotu Spring and sealed it as "the first spring in the world". Goldfish are kept in the spring pond. The large ones are more than three feet long. On the east side of the spring, the heting tea house, located at Heqiao, is dedicated to providing tourists with fragrant tea brewed with Baotu Spring water.

Today, in the north of Baotu Spring, there is the Song Dynasty building "Luoyuan hall" (now rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty). On both sides of the hall, there are couplets of "clouds moisten, steaming, and the sound of waves shocks Daming Lake"; in the southwest, there is the Ming Dynasty building "Guanlan Pavilion". The stone tablet standing in the water in front of the pavilion reads "Baotu Spring", which was written by the calligrapher Hu zuazong of the Ming Dynasty. In the east of the pool is "Laihe bridge", and in the south of the bridge stands An antique wooden archway with the words of "Dongtianfudi" and "Pengshan relics" on the banner.

Baotu Spring

Chinese PinYin : Tian Xia Di Yi Quan Feng Jing Qu