Heizhugou

Heizhugou National Forest Park, Sichuan

synonym

Heizhugou generally refers to Sichuan Heizhugou National Forest Park

Heizhugou National Forest Park is located in Heizhugou Town, Ebian Yi Autonomous County, Leshan City, Sichuan Province, covering haqu Township, Lewu Township and Jinyan township. The total area is 838 square kilometers, the core scenic area is 575 square kilometers, the peripheral protection zone is 263 square kilometers, and the altitude is 1500-4288 meters. Heizhugou Forest Park is widely known as "Bermuda, China". It is one of the most complete and primitive ecological communities in China.

Heizhugou Forest Park is divided into three browsing areas: Heizhugou exploration area, pyramid tourism area and Dujuan Lake Resort and leisure area. The range rover area covers an area of 9129.1 hectares, including the Sancha River Basin in the main ditch of Heizhugou. Including waterscape, forest landscape, canyon landscape, and mysterious black bamboo ditch fog. It is divided into Sancha River and shimenguan two scenic spots.

Heizhugou was approved as a national forest park by the State Forestry Administration on February 22, 2000.

Location context

Heizhugou National Forest Park is located in Ebian County, across Heizhugou Town, haqu Township and Lewu township. The geographical coordinates of the regional center is 103 e.g. 29 n. The total forest area is about 838 square kilometers, most of which are located in 611, 614 and 616 forest farms of state-owned South Sichuan Forestry Bureau.

geographical environment

topographic features

The geological structure of Heizhugou is composed of Xiaoliangshan framework and Emeishan fault block. The Paleozoic strata are not well developed, the upper Paleozoic lacks Carboniferous and Devonian, and the lower Paleozoic lacks Sinian. After the sedimentation of sand shale of Feixianguan Formation and limestone of Jialingjiang formation in Mesozoic, the whole axis uplifted and formed land, and nine systems and 25 groups are exposed. It belongs to Emeishan volcanic rock zone. Heizhugou is located in the transition zone from Sichuan basin to Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, on the east side of Hengduan Mountains. Under the control of a series of North-South folds and deep faults, the mountains and rivers all extend longitudinally from north to south, forming the unique geomorphic features of Heizhugou.

Climatic characteristics

The average annual temperature of Heizhugou is 14.3 ℃ in Sihe town (1054 meters above sea level), 10.8 ℃ in Goukou (1705 meters), 5.5 ℃ in shimenguan (2067 meters), 3.2 ℃ in ronghongde (3125 meters) and 3.0 ℃ in Maanshan main peak (4288 meters). Precipitation: the average annual precipitation is 1900-2000mm in most areas, and there are many rainstorms in summer; it is 1180 mm in Sihe Town, 1700 mm in Goukou, 2260 mm in shimenguan, and 2050 mm in the main peak of Ma'anshan. The air in the region is humid, with an average annual relative humidity of more than 85%, annual fog days of more than 320 days and annual precipitation days of more than 270 days. Ma'anshan belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate, and Ma'anshan is located in the boundary zone between southeast monsoon and southwest monsoon, which traps the warm and humid air from the East in the valley, resulting in high temperature, abundant precipitation, more precipitation days and less sunny days in the region. Due to the great difference of terrain height, the temperature varies with the altitude, and the vertical difference is obvious, forming a small cool mountain meteorological landscape of "one mountain is divided into four seasons, ten miles in different days; the top of the mountain is covered with snow hat, and the foot of the mountain is full of fresh flowers".

river system

The main stream is nahayimoh in the upper reaches of Guanliao River, a tributary of Dadu River. The tributaries include Heizhugou (Jiancha River), Muju gully and Baxi gully. The water network of the gully system is dendritic. The flow direction of each trunk and tributary is obviously controlled by the northwest and northeast structures. The average annual runoff depth in the area is about 1700mm. The main stream of Heizhugou originates from the north side of fox mountain near the main peak of Ma'anshan, with a total length of about 20 km. Its tributary, luosuoyida, originates from bingdou lake between fox mountain and the main peak, with a length of 15 km, and an average annual flow of 9 m3 / s. In addition to rivers and streams, Heizhugou has several glacial lakes and alpine Haizi under the main peak, with the largest area of nearly 100 mu. In addition, there is a karst lake about 20 meters long in bashigozi. The hot springs with the highest temperature in the southwest edge of Sichuan Basin, and the Kasi spring, are developed in the source of Heizhugou underground river, which is several kilometers long.

soil

In Heizhugou Forest Park, there are mountain yellow soil (less than 1800 meters), mountain yellow brown soil (1800-2200 meters), mountain dark brown soil (2200-2700 meters), mountain brown coniferous forest soil (more than 2700 meters in dark coniferous forest), subalpine meadow soil (more than 3000 meters), and non zonal soil mainly includes yellow lime soil (less than 1800 meters), purple soil and swamp soil The zonal soil is patchy.

Resources

animal

There are about 29 species of wildlife under the first and second level national key protection in the gully, including giant panda, takin, clouded leopard and Sichuan partridge, and 24 species of macaque and red panda under the second level national key protection. These animals have important scientific research value and high cultural ornamental value. It's extremely valuable.

Botany

Among the mountains and gullies in Heizhugou scenic area, 60% are natural virgin forest, 25% are shrubbery, and 15% are alpine meadow. From bottom to top, there are evergreen broad-leaved forest belt (below 2000 meters), coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest belt (2000-2400 meters), dark coniferous forest belt (2400-3600 meters), alpine shrub meadow belt (above 3600 meters). Common broad-leaved tree species are Machilus macrophylla, Cinnamomum camphora, Litsea angustifolia, Lithocarpus, Castanea mollissima, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Schima superba, etc.; deciduous tree species are maple, Davidia involucrata, Lianxiang, Betula luminifera, Betula platyphylla, Betula platyphylla, etc.; coniferous tree species are hemlock, spruce, fir, Rhododendron, Fargesia, etc.

The distribution of vegetation in Heizhugou area is vertical band spectrum. Among them, Davidia involucrata, which is 1600-2700 meters above sea level, is a national first-class key protected plant, and has the reputation of "pigeon tree in the world". There are 19 rare or endemic plants in the valley.

The azalea in Heizhugou area has more than 40 kinds of colorful flowers, covering an area of more than ten thousand mu, ranking first in the world. Two of them are newly found in China.

mineral

Most of the rocks in Heizhugou are volcanic rocks, which contain a large amount of iron, manganese, magnesium, silicon and so on, resulting in a very different magnetic field zone in Heizhugou. In this magnetic belt, the clock will stop, the compass and compass can not read accurately, and the local deviation is about 30 degrees

Main scenic spots

Sancha River Scenic Spot

Sanchahe scenic spot is located in the middle and lower reaches of Heizhugou. It is characterized by crisscross rocks and steep canyons. It is the most spectacular and concentrated scenic spot in the park.

At present, the main scenic spots are Davidia involucrata, bottomless cave, panda ridge, carp back, lianxianglin, spruce dam, spruce king, Sanchahe Grand Canyon, bailongchudong, rockburst, Zhenzhu beach, shuanglongben River, shilanglong, Longtan waterfall, Sandie waterfall, etc.

Shimenguan Scenic Area

Shimenguan scenic area is located above shimenguan in the upper reaches of Sancha River. This is an area of about 20 square kilometers of the original valley forest belt, there have been many people and animals into the ditch mysterious strange events. The three dangerous places are Qiwu in the gorge, wupao dangerous road (there is a local Yi proverb: "if you go to wupao Road, you can't predict your life or death") and Shimen pass. (in the old days, there was a saying that "when you enter Shimen pass, you can't see your life coming back." now there is a saying that "Shimen pass, Shimen pass, misty river with deep pool, roe deer and monkey are worried about climbing here, heroes are sad about this pass.".

The scenic spot is characterized by the most complete preservation of the original natural landscape and the ecological community of animals and plants. It is a mysterious place in the heart of Heizhugou. So far, few people dare to set foot in it. In addition, many magical legends spread in the local area make the whole scenic spot have a terrible and mysterious atmosphere.

Fox mountain scenic spot

Fox mountain scenic spot is located in the central scenic spot of Heizhugou. It is characterized by its unique and charming natural landscape, and the distribution of all kinds of wild animals and precious medicinal materials. The scenic spot has the most original natural scenery and mountain scenery.

Scenic spots include: Rhododendron forest sea, fox mountain, pyramid, natural root carving bonsai garden, main peak of Ma'anshan, Tianyan, Chuanhu, glacier ruins, Rhododendron jade, ShenTao forest, Yerengu, Foguang, Yunhai, Rizhao Jinshan, alpine meadow, fox flat, small stone forest, Yinyang boundary, Rhododendron waterfall, Tianyan waterfall, etc.

Guichumo scenic spot

Guichumo scenic spot is located in the middle of fox mountain. It is characterized by complex terrain, steep mountains, towering ancient trees, open meadows and dense ancient moss. It is the key scenic spot of the park.

Scenic spots include ghost mill, fairy forest, ancient moss forest, natural golf course, wulongling, red rock, Rhododendron cliff, wild boar mountain, etc. Mainly to enjoy the natural landscape, appropriate recreational activities.

"Ghost pushing mill" is famous for its "labyrinth". It has moss and huge ice gravel for hundreds of years. The "ShenTao forest" is a spectacular sight. A ridge divides the blue sky into two parts: bright in the West and dark in the east along the north-south direction. You can watch the sunrise and sunset, the change of cloud sea and the rainbow of Buddha light.

Mujugou scenic spot

The scenic spot is located in the area of 611 forest farm. In the scenic area, the terrain is flat and open, the environment is quiet, the climate is pleasant, and there are many kinds of vegetation, which constitute a natural gallery

Chinese PinYin : Hei Zhu Gou