Tiemen pass

Located 8 km away from the northern suburb of Korla City, tiemen pass of Korla City is the exit of the steep gorge on the upper reaches of Kongque River. It used to be a natural transportation hub in northern and southern Xinjiang and the throat of the ancient "Silk Road". Jin Dynasty set up a pass here, because it is dangerous and solid, so it is called "tiemen pass", which is one of the 26 passes in ancient China.

Tiemen pass

Tiemenguan city is a county-level city directly under the central government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It implements division city integration management system with the second division of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps, and is managed by Xinjiang production and Construction Corps. Tiemenguan city is located in the south foot of Tianshan Mountain and the east of Tarim Basin. It is the traffic hub of the intersection of the south foot of Tianshan Mountain and the north slope of Kunlun mountain. It is the only way to pass the middle section of the ancient Silk Road. Tiemenguan city is composed of "one district and two towns", covering an area of 590.27 square kilometers, about 50 kilometers away from Korla City, the capital of Bazhou Prefecture.

The name of the city comes from "tiemen pass", one of the 26 famous passes in ancient China.

The Municipal People's government is stationed at No.1 Xingjiang Road, Tiemenguan city. On December 29, 2012, Tiemenguan city was established.

On December 29, 2018, it was named the Sixth Batch of national demonstration areas (units) for national unity and progress by the National People's commission.

On December 6, 2019, it was selected as the pilot unit of promoting the quality improvement of farmers' cooperatives in the whole county.

Historical evolution

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were 36 states in the South Tianshan Road. The city was located in Quli state. The ancient Quli state was in the northwest of Qiemo, in the north of Jingjue (today's Minfeng County), in the southwest of Yuli (today's Tashidian to the south of Bosten Lake), in the west of shanguo (today's tieganlik northeast of Yuli County), and in the southeast of Wulei (today's zedaya County of Luntai County). Its scope was equivalent to today's Korla City, northwest of Yuli County, and Luntai County The southeast part of the county.

In 176 B.C., the Xiongnu invaded the western regions and set the Tongfu Duwei among Yanqi, Weixu and Yuli. Quli was controlled by Tongfu Duwei. In the fourth year of the Taichu period of the Western Han Dynasty (101 BC), the Han Dynasty set up envoys in Luntai and Quli to manage the affairs of garrison in the western regions. In the second year of shenjue (60bc) of the Western Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty set up the western regions capital guard in Wulei. The Quli belonged to the territory of the Han Dynasty, and the Lulou city was built in "Hequ" (the turning point of today's Peacock River). The Huns, who surrendered to the Han Dynasty, were also placed in Hequ. In the third year of Tianfeng (16th year) of Wang Mang's new reign, Li Chong, the governor of the western regions, was defeated and retreated to kuci. The city of long Lou belonged to Xiongnu. In the 22nd year of Jianwu (46th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the king of Shache attacked the king of kuci. The city of anlou belonged to the state of Wulei, the king of Shache. A few years later, Kucha killed the king of Wulei and occupied the territory of Wulei. In the 17th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (74), the capital of the western regions protected the city of long Lou. In the 18th year of Yongping (75th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was conquered by Yanqi. In the sixth year of Yongyuan (94) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ban Chao sent eight soldiers, such as kuci and Shanshan, to fight against Yanqi, Weixu and Yuli, and to kill Wang Guang and Yuli of Yanqi in the old city of chenmu. Long Lou city belongs to Han Dynasty. In the second year of Yongjian (127) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ban Yong, the governor of the western regions, and Zhang Lang, the prefect of Dunhuang, attacked the state of Yanqi from the south to the north. Zhang Lang went from juelicheng (i.e. kualou city) to jueliguan (today's tiemen pass), and attacked Wang Yuanmeng, who was the descendant of Yan.

In the 23rd year of Qianliang Jianxing (335), Zhang Jun sent troops to attack Qiuci. On the way, he defeated Yanqi King Longxi in the city of Ben Lun and Zheliu valley.

In the 18th year of Jianyuan (382), Lu Guang of the former Qin Dynasty descended to Yanqi, belonging to the former Qin Dynasty.

In 448, the ninth year of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Wandu returned to Yanqi and set up Yanqi Town. The local city is Liulu City, which belongs to the Northern Wei Dynasty.

In 555, the second year of Gongdi in the Western Wei Dynasty, after the Turks occupied Gaochang, they developed to Yanqi and the local area was under its rule.

In the third year of Renshou (603) of Sui Dynasty, Nili, the son of Khan Datou in the west of Turk, established himself as the Great Khan in the whole territory of West Turk, which was called West Turk in history and was under its jurisdiction locally.

In the 22nd year of Zhenguan (648), the army of Tang Dynasty attacked kuizi, passing through the present Korla territory. The local government was under the Yanqi dududufu. However, due to the war, this place was handed over to the Tang Dynasty and Tubo for many times. In the late Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Xizhou Uighur.

After 1122, the Uighurs in Xizhou became subject to the Western Liao Dynasty. In 1218, Genghis Khan captured and killed Prince Naiman of the Western Liao Dynasty.

In the first year of Mongolian Xianzong (1215), menggedeng Khan (known as Xianzong in History) established bieshibalihang Shangshu province in jimusar. Korla belongs to bieshibalihang province and belongs to Chagatai queen king.

In the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1677), kardan went to the south of Xinjiang, broke the Heishan sect, and captured all the Han of Yuan nationality. Korla belongs to the territory of Junggar. In 1758, after the Qing government pacified the rebellion between Junggar and dahezhuo, Yanqi was named kalashar, and a minister was appointed. In Korla village, we should exercise restraint. In 1759, a member of Sanpin archimberg was set up in Korla to manage Korla village and garrison. In 1867, Haohan agubai occupied Korla and ruled for 10 years. In October 1877, the Qing army recovered Korla. In 1899, the kalashar Zhili hall was upgraded to Yanqi Prefecture. Korla ruled the land for Yanqi Prefecture.

In the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), kuerxianzuo was set up, belonging to Yanqi county. On July 11, 1920, Yanqi road was set up to govern Korla county. In 1930, Yanqi Dao was changed into Yanqi chief executive office. In the same year, Kuerle county was changed into a governing Bureau, belonging to Yanqi chief executive office. In 1939, the Kuerle Administrative Bureau was upgraded to a county under the leadership of Yanqi administrative inspector's office.

On April 12, 1950, Yanqi Commissioner's office was established, and Korla county was under the jurisdiction of Yanqi special office.

In June 1954, Yanqi Commissioner's office was abolished and Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Region and Korla special office were set up respectively. Korla county was under the jurisdiction of Korla special office.

On June 23, 1979, the State Council approved the designation of three offices in Korla Town, Xincheng and Tuanjie, three communes in tiekeqi, Yingxia and qiarbage, and the Tashidian office in Yanqi county to establish Korla City.

On August 19, 1983, the State Council approved the abolition of Korla County, and the area under the jurisdiction of the county was incorporated into Korla City. Tiemenguan area still belongs to it.

On December 17, 2012, the State Council (GH [2012] No. 206) approved the establishment of county-level Tiemenguan city. Tiemenguan Municipal People's government is stationed at No.1 Xingjiang road. Tiemenguan city is directly under the central government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and its management mode is implemented in accordance with relevant documents

. The direction of the administrative boundary of Tiemenguan city is as follows: 1. From 496km south of 314 National Highway in the East, 41 ° 51 ′ 03 ″ north latitude and 85 ° 44 ′ 34 ″ east longitude, southeast to the intersection of shibatuan canal and shibatuan canal at the second company of 29th regiment horticulture, eastward along shibatuan canal to the west boundary of national crop seed farm, southward along this boundary line to a main drainage canal, southward along a main drainage canal to maolagou and southward along maolagou It connects the west side of the flood dike on the West Bank of Kongque River, 41 ° 39 ′ 14 ″ N and 85 ° 46 ′ 44 ″ e, turns west along the ancient river course of Tarim River, passes through Dongyang drainage channel and Xiyang drainage channel of 29th regiment, then goes west along the ancient road of Tarim River to 41 ° 44 ′ 57 ″ N and 85 ° 21 ′ 10 ″ e, turns north to 41 ° 49 ′ 40 ″ N and 85 ° 22 ′ 02 ″ E on the south side of Shiyou accompanying highway, and goes south along the oil accompanying highway The route is 11.778km eastward, turning northward along the junction of the 30th regiment and the korchu horticultural farm, the natural flood ditch northward to the south side of national highway 314, turning eastward, closing with the starting point along the south side of national highway 314. 2. From the east side of the North-South drainage channel of the 28th regiment to the boundary of shangkuoshbage village in qiaerbage Township, Korla City, 41 ° 47 ′ 44 ″ N and 86 ° 05 ′ 45 ″ e, along the South-North drainage channel to 41 ° 46 ′ 06 ″ N and 86 ° 05 ′ 12 ″ e, turn to the west along the north boundary of gongladi village in Langan Township, Korla City to Wudou drainage channel of the 28th regiment, turn to the north along the east boundary of Xincun national team in Langan Township, and then turn to the north In the west, it goes westward along the northern boundary of the Han team in the new village of Langan Township, then turns southward along the western boundary of the Han team in the new village of Langan township to the junction of the Han team in the new village of Langan Township and jiepar village, then turns westward along the northern boundary of jiepar village, then westward along the northern boundary of the second team directly under Langan township to the first general drainage channel of the 28th regiment, and then westward along the northern boundary of sayeke village of heshilik township to 41 ° 45 ′ 31 ″ N and 85 ° 53 ′ 13 ″ E It turns northward along the eastern boundary of sayilke village in heshilik Township, northbound along the northern boundary westbound to the junction of Halasu village and sayilke village in Shanghu Town, and then turns northward, northbound along the eastern boundary of Halasu village to 41 ° 49 ′ 16 ″ N and 85 ° 53 ′ 34 ″ e, and turns eastward along the north side of the East-West drainage channel of 28tuan and closes with the starting point. 3. Starting from the south of Xinjiang Railway of 29th regiment brick factory in the East, 41 ° 56 ′ 12 ″ N and 85 ° 27 ′ 02 ″ e, the railway runs southward along the natural flood ditch to 41 ° 55 ′ 34 ″ N and 85 ° 26 ′ 18 ″ e, turns westward along the natural flood ditch to 41 ° 56 ′ 07 ″ N and 85 ° 24 ′ 41 ″ e, turns northward along the east side of north-south road of Lubao farm in korchu horticultural farm to national highway 314, and then northward to the south side of Xinjiang Railway 41 ° 56 ′ 57 "n

Chinese PinYin : Tie Men Guan