Zheng's seventeen rooms

Zheng's seventeen rooms

"Zheng's seventeen rooms" is the place where a branch of Zheng family lived after moving south. It is now located in Xiepu, Zhenhai District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, with a construction area of more than 40000 square meters. Most of the existing "Zheng's seventeen rooms" were built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. There are 335 families and 1024 people living in Zheng's group.

Historical evolution

It is the place where a branch of the Zheng family lived after moving south. In 806 B.C., King Xuan of Zhou granted his younger brother friend Zheng HuanGong the title of "Zheng State" in Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province. During the Five Dynasties, the society was turbulent, the wars were frequent, and the people were in dire straits. According to "Zheng Chuanji Zhu Juan" written by Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, a branch of Zheng family "moved to lingxu Township in the south of Song Dynasty (today's haishupu area of Zhencheng) and chose Yangtang road edge of the mountain, which is called" road edge Zheng ". After the sixth generation, he lived in 17fang separately. His ancestors Ben and Mingbei also gave them to dengshilang and jinfenglinlang, and then he became a family. Most of the existing "Zheng's seventeen rooms" were built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. There are 335 families and 1024 people living in Zheng's group.

geographical environment

With an area of 60000 square meters, the existing building area is more than 40000 square meters. Most of them were built from Qianlong to Guangxu of Qing Dynasty. Today, there are more than 10 single and multi entrance polyester houses with two-story brick and wood structure, including Hengde house, Hengxiang house, sanfangtang house, dazutang house, houtang building, Lifang house, Xinfang house, sifentau house, laolujia house, Dalong house, Dongnong house, houxinwu house and hezuanyan. Horse head wall, wing room, stone carving, memorial archway, etc. have certain characteristics. The building style of the wing room and the hall is integrated. Outside the group of walls, the wall river is surrounded by the city, with green water and weeping willows. Every family has a port, surrounded by bridges, houses with streets, and streets with markets. The architecture has the style of Jiangnan Water Town, and also has the layout structure like a palace. The central axis and horizontal axis are very obvious. After the expansion of the past dynasties, the architecture has a grand scale, exquisite workmanship, painted beams and cornices, and exquisite carving. The house also retains the woodcut handwriting of Prince Cheng's autograph "Qi Shui Yan Bo half contains spring" in Qianlong period. Among the villagers, there are also stone inscriptions of "imperial edict" in the Qing Dynasty.

Shiqifang is an ancient architectural scenic spot. Most of its buildings are built in Ming and Qing Dynasties, but it is different from Wuzhen, Xitang and other similar domestic ancient towns in that its scale is not a city, not a town, but a village.

In addition to a few Ming Dynasty buildings, most of the 17 room buildings were built from Qianlong to Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, including zhengzhongfang, Dongfang and Xifang along the road; Zhengfang in Quansheng of miaojitou; sanfangtangqian, dazutang, xiaojiufang, Hengde, Hengxiang, houtang, Xingfang, Zhanfang, Yuanmao, Lifang, Dingfeng, dangdian, Zhengshi ancestral hall, etc. After the expansion of the past dynasties, today's 17 rooms are magnificent and magnificent. What's more valuable is that the overall structural layout of the building is still well preserved. According to relevant reports, "17 rooms is one of the largest and well preserved ancient architectural villages of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, It is of great value to the study of architectural history in Qing Dynasty, and it is also the last climax of residential buildings in Chinese feudal society after Tang, song, yuan and Ming Dynasties.

architectural style

In Qing Dynasty architecture, there is a simple group rule, which is to form group architecture with "room" as a unit: a unit or a courtyard. However, the 17 rooms have a different group style, which is composed of a courtyard with a building (composed of several rooms) as a unit, thus showing its majestic and spectacular spirit. Its courtyard layout can be divided into two types: one is to set up the main buildings on the vertical axis, such as "front hall", "middle hall" and "back hall", and then to set up the relative "wing rooms" of the secondary buildings on the left and right sides of the hall. The wing rooms can be divided into "Mingxuan" and "Yinxuan" to form a "he" or "H" shaped courtyard; some are still in front of the main buildings, and then put a secondary building, It is called "daoxuan", which forms a square or rectangular courtyard, and is called "Southern Courtyard". This kind of layout is suitable for the patriarchal clan system and the ethical system in ancient China, and it is convenient to distinguish the obvious differences between the superior and the inferior, the elder and the younger, the male and the female, and the master and servant. Sanheyuan and Siheyuan have become the main group structure of the seventeen room houses, which fully embodies the unique style of a generation of famous families.

As the saying goes: there are three treasures in room 17, the most and the highest of which can be seen in Ningbo; there is no rain in room 17 for three years, and the river will not dry up; there are the most horse head walls in room 17, and the first level is higher than the first level, and the typhoon can't blow. There are streets on the house, markets in the street, shops, shops, squares and fire fighting in the city. Outside the house, there is a ring River, and every family has a quay. Outside the small river, there is a big river, which leads directly to Ningbo. There are small bridges, ducks, willows and reflections.

The seventeen room buildings are connected with each other. There are separate and combined buildings. There are pavilions across the corridor. The eaves are wide and there is no water between them in rainy days. Hall door, horse head wall, Ming hall and ancestral hall are divided according to the power level. Each family has its own door, including side door, partition door, gate, Nong door, back door and Chuantang door. Corridor, Lane combination, interchange portal, extending in all directions. Enter the inner courtyard, such as into the labyrinth, can not distinguish between southeast and northwest. The largest "houtang building" is the most representative and complete building group of 17 rooms. It is composed of eight courtyards. The four gates face each other from north to south, and the Horsehead walls are row upon row. It is magnificent and simple. The main gate at the west end, no matter how big or small the officials are, will stop their sedan cars to get off the horse and step into the hundred step imperial road before they can enter the inner courtyard.

The sculpture art of room 17 has reached a very high level. Clay sculptures, wood sculptures and brick sculptures are used in the corner, ridge, eaves, corridor, column foundation, doors and windows where the load is light. These sculptures are famous for their delicacy and delicacy. In the important places, stone sculptures are mainly used, with rough carving and concise lines. The decoration of doors and windows is very ingenious and thoughtful. Even the small window cuttings are engraved with figures, flowers and birds. Xingfang, Hengde, houtanglou and many other window panels and door panels are engraved with a variety of patterns. Hengde's window panel is particularly exquisite. It is surrounded by flowers and plants. Some of the figures in the middle are immortals and some are Arhats. The seventeen rooms call it a hundred Arhats. Many lattice windows have the same pattern. The latticed windows of Li Fang are the most representative. There are all kinds of exotic fruits carved in the windows and doors, which express the good wishes of abundant grain and fish every year.

The decorative colors of the 17 rooms are also very distinctive, with white walls, gray tiles, millet, black, dark green, brown, ochre and other colors decorated in the beams, frames, corbels, columns, eaves, walls and other places, forming a simple, natural, elegant and transparent style. The objects are integrated with the natural environment.

Surrounded by small rivers, there are numerous small canals and pools. These water systems have been kept as clear as a mirror for hundreds of years. They erected steles and signs on the main rivers, which read: "no cattle and sheep, no piling of sundries" and other clan rules. If a member of the clan throws litter into the river, he or she will be punished for breaking the rules. He or she will share steamed bread door to door or stand in the sun for public display. This shows that they attach great importance to environmental protection.

Cultural details

The horse head wall decorated in the twilight, in the long shadow of the flagpole lattice, speculates the height of the distant mountains; the ancient village half containing the color of spring, guarding the beautiful Jiangnan with green mountains and green waters.

A cultural treasure in eastern Zhejiang

Walking into the "Zheng's seventeen rooms" in Xupu Town, Zhenhai, Ningbo, walking along the river surrounded by the ancient residences of Ming and Qing Dynasties, scrutinizing the doors and windows full of stories, wandering in the poetic and picturesque scenery of the water town in the south of the Yangtze River in the east of Zhejiang Province, people are dreamy and intoxicated. Open the door of Zheng's house and live in a secluded corridor. Dream back to the once prosperous ancient village, where every household is in love with each other. Every door tells the ancient and mysterious past of Zheng's family. The seventeen house of Zheng is the largest and most complete ancient architectural complex in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has become the cultural treasure of eastern Zhejiang by absorbing the essence of the times. Walking on the stone street of the seventeen room old water town in the south of the Yangtze River, there are many ancient architectural styles, such as horse head wall, wing room, stone carving, memorial archway, stone chess pole lattice and so on. Among them, the wing room and hall are integrated into one, which can be called the classic works of Ming and Qing architectural style in Zhenhai District.

Court courtyard shows elegant demeanor

Classics is the crystallization of wisdom, which contains common sense and common way, and its value is long and new. Chinese traditional culture is broad and profound, it is a classic, after five thousand years of enduring. According to the Yangzhai drawing of Shupu Zheng's genealogy, the overall layout of the seventeen rooms is in the form of "chessboard". The house is surrounded by rivers. The east-west and North-South roads divide the house into four parts. This kind of regular, orderly, complex but not disordered layout is like a palace courtyard, showing the royal style, with distinct levels and great momentum. This is inseparable from Zheng family's habitual thought and desire of being an official and official family for generations, and the prosperity of Confucian businessmen. The seventeen rooms are closely connected with each other. They are divided into two parts. There are pavilions in the corridor and gardens in the back. The eaves are wide and can be decorated with lanterns, tables and banquets. The size of the hall door, the height of the horse head wall, the size of the hall, the building, the wing room, the stone drum, the chess pole, etc. were set up according to the level and the power, and the level was clear, which reflected the social appearance of strictly following the feudal ethics in that period.

A brief history of the Zheng family

record

According to the records of Zhenhai County in the Republic of China, Huanggong temple was built in heyunli, in front of the house of the surname Zheng. Huang Gong, known as Huang Shu, is a water control hero. Huanggong temple was built in 1250, the 10th year of Chunyou in Southern Song Dynasty. "The surname of Zheng is Wuqian heyunli", that is, today's shiqifang village road is along Zheng. It shows that the Zheng family had settled down along the road of Shupu town 1250 years ago.

According to Guangxu's "Zheng Chuanji · zhujuan", the ancestor of Zheng family, Jinghou, moved to the south of Song Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Zheng Shi Shi Qi Fang