Zhou Wei Temple

Zhou Wei Temple

Zhouwei ancestral temple, namely Zhouwang temple or Jiaying temple, is a sacrificial temple for Zhou Wei, the emperor of Song Dynasty. Located in the east of Gongcheng County, it was built in 1478, and rebuilt in 1723. Zhouwei temple covers an area of more than 1600 square meters, with a construction area of 1040 square meters. It is composed of a stage (destroyed in 30 years), a gate tower, a main hall, a back hall and left and right wing rooms. Now it is a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

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According to the history of the Song Dynasty, Zhou Wei was born in Lukou village, Gongcheng County. He was born in the fifth year of the Tang Dynasty and died in the second year of Xianping (A.D. 999) of the Northern Song Dynasty.

According to the old county annals of Gongcheng, he was concerned about the sufferings of the people in his hometown, invited the imperial court to pay taxes, and tried his best to develop the wisdom of the people and set up rural schools.

After his death, he was granted the title of "Zhonghu huilie king" by the imperial court. The people in his hometown were grateful for his virtue and donated money to build a temple and wax statue for him. A poem couplet praises Zhou Yushi, who has been handed down for hundreds of generations, and cherishes the memory of ancient sages for thousands of years.

Brief introduction to temples

The temple of King Zhou is the honorific name of Gongcheng people.

It was built in 1478 A.D. in the 14th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 1723 A.D. in the first year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty.

Every year, the 15th of June in the lunar calendar is Zhou Wei's birthday.

Gongcheng County and nearby rural people will hold grand commemorative activities.

They performed in front of the Zhou Wei temple to "repay the gods". Every household along the street would also set up offerings and sacrifices. The guard of honor paraded with Zhou Wei's statue, blowing and beating, and the atmosphere was extremely warm.

layout

Zhou Wei ancestral hall is composed of stage (destroyed), gate tower, main hall, rear Hall (destroyed) and left and right wing rooms.

The existing total area is 30.2 × 42.9m, and the main hall is a mixed structure of two five column and three brick walls.

The width of the main hall (12.2m) is less than the depth (14.8m), and the width of the wing room is the same as the depth of the hall.

The gate tower is of Xieshan style with double eaves. It has five broad faces, with distinct rooms, secondary rooms and branches.

The structure of the gatehouse has the characteristics of Guangxi: first, the eaves column bears the lower eaves, the gold column supports the upper eaves, and the shape suddenly shrinks in the middle; second, the bucket arch mainly plays a decorative role.

But in addition to the decorative function, the Dougong of zhouweisi gate tower also has a peculiar function. This kind of Dougong is composed of three forms: seat fight, interactive fight and Mandarin Duck fight. It forms a rigorous and regular honeycomb shape, which makes the air flow produce a backflow and make a roar when it passes through. Bats dare not rest a little, birds are afraid to build nests, and it plays a role of natural resistance to insects and birds.

This is rare in ancient architecture.

On the overhanging eaves of the outer walls between the tips, more than one thousand solid timbers of the whole building were connected and matched with each other, reasonably bearing the upper load, making the overhanging eaves of the roof far away and magnificent, which was rare in the architecture of the Qing Dynasty. These brackets and wooden frames are valuable examples for studying ancient buildings.

Life of the characters

Zhou Wei, with the word Dechen, was a native of Lukou village, Gongcheng County. He was born in the remnant Tang Dynasty (922 A.D.) and died in the second year of Xianping in the Northern Song Dynasty (999 A.D.).

Because he wrote to the imperial court to state the current affairs, he was valued by Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty. He was ordered to take an examination, and was granted a Jinshi background. He was granted a white horse master's book. He successively held the posts of youzan, Yongqing county magistrate, Zhili Prefecture magistrate, Guangnan Deputy envoy, etc. he was an official to supervise the imperial censor. The "censor of supervision" is in charge of the supervision of officials, the inspection of counties, the correction of punishments, the cleaning of court instruments and other affairs, a bit like the current discipline inspection secretary.

Zhou Wei was concerned about the sufferings of the people in his hometown. He once asked the imperial court to get rid of the heavy taxes and taxes, and set up new land taxes. He also tried his best to set up rural schools and develop the wisdom of the people.

After his death, he was granted the title of "Zhonghu huilie king" by the imperial court. The people in his hometown appreciated his kindness and donated money to build a temple and a statue for him to commemorate him forever.

Zhou Wei was a righteous and upright official. His official voice and achievements were highly praised by Bao Zheng.

After Zhou Wei took office, he immediately reorganized the administration of officials. All those who searched for the people's wealth were arrested, even Liu Siyu's confidants.

Some people remind Zhou Wei that he should send these people to Daming mansion before he is convicted. Otherwise, it is hard for the grand master to blame them.

Zhou Weishen knew that these corrupt officials had a lot to do with Daming government. Once they were sent to Daming government, they would be protected. Wouldn't they let them go? Therefore, Zhou Wei ignored these "good" reminders at all, and put all the corrupt officials, bandits and mountain bandits in order, and then reported them to the police. He always tried major cases in the county directly and never discussed with Fu Yanqing.

Although Fu Yanqing is dissatisfied, he can't help it. Zhou Wei's move shocked Daming Prefecture, and the wind of corruption and perversion of the law was restrained.

In qiandezhong (962-965), Zhou Wei was promoted to Xingzhou Tongtan. There are many garrisons in the area.

The local people suffered a lot because of the arrogance and ferocity of the supervisor. When Zhou Wei arrived in office, he immediately explained to the army and brought several officers who had taken the lead in causing trouble and disturbing the people to justice.

The whole army was immediately subdued and ordered. Song Taizu greatly appreciated Zhou Wei's action, issued an imperial edict to reward him, and let him supervise the garrison troops.

Zhou Wei was famous for his simple life and strict law enforcement in Xingzhou, which benefited the people. Later, when he was transferred to Dizhou, the officials and the people all stood in the way and cried, trying to keep this honest and clean official.

In 977 A.D., the Song Dynasty unified Lingnan and set up Guangnan East Road and Guangnan West Road. Zhou Wei was the Deputy envoy of Guangnan road.

The imperial court wanted to pacify Jiaozhi, but because the general in charge of the army was lax and derelict in his duty, he failed to make contributions for a long time.

On one occasion, several defeated soldiers entered the city to snatch people's money. They were captured by Zhou Wei and immediately beheaded in the city. Military discipline was immediately consolidated. Zhou Wei wrote a letter to Jiao Zhi, explaining the prestige of the imperial court, knowing the interests: if he did not surrender, he would raise a heavy army again.

Li Huan, the leader of Jiaozhi, finally sent envoys to pay tribute to the Northern Song Dynasty.

Later, Zhou Wei was promoted to be the imperial censor in the palace, transferred to the East and West Transportation envoys of Zhejiang Province, and became a judge of salt and iron. The emperor also gave him a purple robe, and his official position was no lower than Bao Zheng.

He was such a virtuous minister, but later he was demoted as deputy envoy of Zhangxin army for his involvement. In the second year of Xianping (A.D. 999), song Zhenzong, who had just ascended the throne, had heard about Zhou Wei's reputation of upholding the law like a mountain and recalled him for reuse. But on the day of the imperial edict, he passed away. Zhou Wei was an incorruptible official, so that he could not be buried because he was poor in shangmin. He bought 100000 yuan and took his son Jianzhong as his master

origin

In the second year of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (977 A.D.), the Song Dynasty unified Lingnan and set up Guangnan East and West roads (governing today's Guangdong and Guangxi). Zhou Wei was the Deputy envoy of Guangnan road. When Zhou Wei returned to his hometown, he saw that the taxes of the people in his hometown were heavy. He went to the imperial court and asked to redefine the land tax. He also built schools, promoted education, and did practical things for the people. Both the imperial court and the people called him good. Zhou Wei was promoted to the official of the palace. The imperial court ordered him to be responsible for pacifying Jiaozhi. Zhou Wei saw that the Yongzhou general was lax in managing the army and indulged his subordinates, so he did not make contributions for a long time. At one time, several defeated soldiers entered the city to rob people's money. They were captured by Zhou Wei and killed immediately, so as to strictly enforce military discipline. Then, Zhou Wei wrote Jiaozhi, xiaozhili, weizhibing. Li Huan, the leader of Jiaozhi, finally sent an envoy to pay tribute to the Song Dynasty. Zhou Wei was promoted as the censor of supervision.

Zhou Wei's six years in Lingnan made great contributions to the stability and development of Lingnan and left a good political voice there. Lai was demoted as deputy envoy of Zhangxin army for his involvement. In the second year of Xianping (A.D. 999), the newly ascended song Zhenzong recalled him for reuse. However, when the imperial edict was issued, the good minister passed away. He was 77 years old. When Zhou Wei passed away, "the poor people in shangmin could not be buried, and they paid 100000 yuan." Translated into vernacular, that is to say, the emperor pitied his family for being so poor that he didn't even have the money to bury them. He subsidized 100000 yuan as the funeral expenses, and granted him the title of Zhongyou Huiwang and set up a temple for him. Zhou Wei was upright when he was in power, but he died with nothing to do. How can the people not miss such an honest official? How can the people not pass on his reputation from generation to generation! As a result, Gongcheng had the Zhouwang Temple (Zhouwei Temple). Every year, the 15th of June in the lunar calendar marks the birthday of King Zhou.

Architectural features

Gate Tower of Zhouwei Temple

It is the essence of the whole temple. The gate tower is five rooms wide, with double eaves and mountains, which is quite characteristic of ancient architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The eaves pillars support the lower eaves, and the gold pillars support the upper eaves. The shape of the eaves suddenly shrinks in the middle, the five story brackets rise out layer by layer, and the right to use the eaves of the roof is high and magnificent. The rigorous and regular double eaves, which is composed of three forms of seat fight, hand fight and Mandarin Duck hand fight, looks like a honeycomb. People call it "bee house". The Dougong is only used for decoration, and it is completely supported by the inner square lattice. The single shape of the bucket arch is like a chicken's claw, which makes the upper double eaves flow smoothly and produce a backflow. It makes the birds dare not build nests here. It plays a role in protecting the nature from the invasion of insects and birds, and provides valuable physical examples for modern people to study ancient buildings. There is a statue of Zhou Wei in the main hall. On the walls on both sides, the life story of Zhou Wei is displayed in the form of murals, with poems and Fu

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Wei Ci