Badagongshan Nature Reserve

Badagongshan National Nature Reserve

synonym

Badagongshan nature reserve generally refers to Badagongshan National Nature Reserve

Badagongshan nature reserve is located in the northern border of Sangzhi County, Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province

In 1986, it was established with the approval of the State Council. The main protected objects are subtropical forest vegetation and rare animals and plants. From 346 meters to 2003 meters above sea level, it is composed of three major forest areas: Doupeng mountain, Cunninghamia lanceolata border and Tianping mountain, with a total area of 44900 hectares.

There are 2408 species of higher plants belonging to 216 families in Badagongshan nature reserve, including 7 species of national first-class protected plants, 32 species of second-class protected plants, and 30 species of endemic plants belonging to 10 families in Badagongshan nature reserve. There are 52 species of plants, such as Cymbidium and sophora, listed in cites. There are more than 1000 species of medicinal plants, which are known as "green treasure house", "natural museum", "gene bank of rare species in the world" and "natural Chinese medicine bank" at home and abroad.

Historical evolution

In 1982, Badagongshan Nature Reserve was established with the approval of Hunan Provincial People's government.

In 1986, it was approved by the State Council as one of the first batch of "National Nature Reserves" in China.

In 1990, with the approval of Zhangjiajie Municipal People's government, the "Management Office of Badagongshan National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province" was established. It has two offices, four departments and six stations, namely, office, finance department, resource protection department, public security and fire protection department, community co management department, Cunninghamia lanceolata management station, doupengshan management station, tianpingshan management station, nanmuping inspection station, pest control and quarantine station, tianpingshan virgin forest reception station, scientific Research Institute and police station.

geographical environment

details

position

Badagongshan National Nature Reserve is located in the northern border of Sangzhi County, Hunan Province. It is located in the northern end of Wuling mountains on the northeast edge of ancient land block of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. Its geographical coordinates are 109 ° 41'45 "- 110 ° 09'50" E and 29 ° 39'18 "- 29 ° 49'48" n.

 

soil

The exposed strata of the reserve are mainly Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian and Permian strata of Paleozoic era, and the bedrock is mainly limestone, slate and shale. The main soil types are mountain yellow brown soil, calcareous soil and mountain swamp soil. Among them, the mother rock of mountain yellow brown soil is mainly slate shale, fine sandstone and siltstone; the mother rock of limestone soil is mainly dark gray limestone, argillaceous limestone, leopard skin and argillaceous banded limestone, nodular limestone and dolomitic limestone. The yellow brown soil above 1000 meters above sea level is the most widely distributed soil type in the nature reserve. Below 1000 meters above sea level is mountainous yellow soil. The soil is deep and fertile, but it lacks phosphorus and is acidic with pH value between 5 and 6.

 

climate

The Nature Reserve belongs to Subtropical Mountainous humid monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 11.5 ℃; the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is 0.1 ℃; the average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 22.8 ℃; the extreme minimum temperature is - 10 ℃ ～ - 15 ℃. The frost free period is about 190 days, and the annual accumulated temperature is 3621.6 ℃. The accumulated temperature, the coldest month temperature and the extreme minimum temperature have the climatic characteristics of the transition from the north subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone.

The annual average precipitation is 2105.4 mm, the highest is 2840.1 mm, the rainy days are 176 days, and the average increase of water is 79.3 mm for every 100 m elevation. It is one of the three rainstorm centers in Hunan Province. The annual evaporation is about 400mm, which is 20% of the annual precipitation. According to the technical regulations, the annual outflow is about 450 million cubic meters. The annual relative humidity is above 90%, which belongs to humid area. The annual number of fog days is 145 days, and the annual radiation is low.

 

terrain

In the northwest of Badagong mountain, there are mountains in Western Hubei, and in the north, there are overlapping barriers of Qinba Mountains. In the southwest, there are eastern Guizhou Plateau, in the southeast, Wuling and Xuefeng mountains rise alternately, and in the East, they gradually decrease to Dongting Lake area, and they are in a semi convergent group of mountains. The humid air in the south is easy to enter and stay, and there are more opportunities for cloud condensation to cause rain, which makes the animals and plants in the area have unique conditions and superior geographical background.

Area range

Badagongshan National Nature Reserve is 45 kilometers long from east to west and 16 kilometers wide from north to south. It borders longtanping town in Sangzhi County in the East, bamaoxi Township, wudaoshui Township and Badagongshan Township in the south, Longshan County in Hunan Province in the West and Xuanen, Laifeng and Hefeng in Hubei Province in the north. The total area is 20000 hectares.

 

Protected objects

Badagongshan National Nature Reserve belongs to the forest ecological type nature reserve, which is a forest ecosystem type nature reserve mainly for the protection of subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest and wildlife.

 

Badagongshan nature reserve is under the jurisdiction of 23468 hectares of key ecological public welfare forest, which is divided into three forest areas: Tianping mountain, Cunninghamia lanceolata border and doupengshan mountain. The timber volume is 1.1 million cubic meters, and the forest coverage rate is 93.4%. It is the most complete and largest natural evergreen broad-leaved forest in subtropical areas, and has unique characteristics of subtropical mountain forest ecosystem.

Botany

Badagongshan National Nature Reserve is rich in plant species. According to the survey, there are 2408 species of higher plants belonging to 216 families. Among them, there are 6 species of Davidia involucrata, Davidia involucrata, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Taxus chinensis, calyx chinensis, Ginkgo biloba, etc., 29 species of national class II protected plants, 2 species of endangered plants, 21 species of gradually endangered plants, 16 species of rare plants, and 5 species of type specimen origin. Among the above genera and families, there are more than 1000 kinds of medicinal plants, including wujinqi and jinpanqi, which are known as the "four medicine kings", as well as a large number of precious medicinal materials such as Panax japonicus, Gastrodia elata, Huanglian, qiyeyizhihua, etc. It is also the origin of type specimens of five new species of plants, such as Tilia Sangzhi, Carex Sangzhi, Phyllostachys Sangzhi, Dryopteris xiuyetigai and Dryopteris marginata. Badagong mountain belongs to pan Arctic flora, central China of China Japan forest flora. The flora of tropical Asia, north temperate zone, Southeast Asia and East Asia North America are the main components of vegetation. The vegetation not only has the typical characteristics of the north subtropical zone, but also reflects the transition from the subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone. It is an important intersection area of the two major vegetation flora in East Asia, which is of great value in phytogeography research. There are 14 out of 15 geographical distribution types of Spermatophyte genera in China, including 5 vegetation type groups, 9 vegetation types, 13 vegetation subtypes, 19 formation groups, 26 formations and 36 associations. Due to the complex terrain, large mountain height difference, the ecological environment forms multiple gradients in space, and the vegetation has obvious plant distribution zone. Based on the investigation of 30 standard plots of 27325 square meters, the results show that the typical vegetation in the base band belongs to the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Middle Subtropical Mountainous Area; the mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest is located above 1000 meters above sea level; the mountain ridge is the peak dwarf forest and the tree species are generally dwarfed. According to the sample plot investigation, the main types are: Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by Tsuga (about 1500 meters above sea level); warm coniferous forest dominated by primary Chinese fir forest (1220 meters above sea level); deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated by Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest (1400-1890 meters above sea level); evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (about 1000-1400 meters above sea level), such as Acer negundo (Cyclobalanopsis multiveined is the climax of this zone) The main group species of the community; evergreen broad-leaved forest (below 1000 m).

animal

Badagongshan National Nature Reserve has 237 species of terrestrial vertebrates in 64 families of 21 orders, including 45 species of mammals in 20 families of 8 orders, 135 species of birds in 27 families of 9 orders (97 species of resident birds, 20 species of summer migrants and 18 species of winter migrants), 39 species of reptiles in 10 families of 2 orders (3 species of poisonous snakes), 18 species of amphibians in 7 families of 2 orders, and 4175 species of Kun insects in 177 families of 22 orders (34 new species and 411 species of natural enemies in 58 families of 12 orders).

There are 86 species of national key protected and endangered animals in 28 families of 15 orders, 5 species of national first-class protected leopard, clouded leopard, forest musk deer, white crowned long tailed pheasant and golden eagle, 51 species of second-class protected macaque, maoguan deer, Sumen antelope, water deer, giant salamander and red bellied horned pheasant, 20 species of provincial key protection and 12 species endemic to Badagongshan nature reserve. In 1991, experts from the United Nations Wildlife Fund judged from the feces and footprints that there were South China tigers in the reserve.

Management measures

Since the establishment of the Nature Reserve Management Office in 1990, not only the species population is stable, the natural succession and regeneration are in good condition, but also the degree of biodiversity is significantly improved. This fully shows that after the establishment of the reserve and protection management, the process of transformation from "barren mountain to vegetation restoration" and "unstable habitat type" to "stable habitat type" has been realized, so as to improve the habitat quality of biological species and maintain the virtuous cycle of the whole forest ecosystem.

infrastructure

Since its establishment, the management office has successively implemented the first and second phase capital construction projects of Badagongshan nature reserve. A total investment of 10.46 million yuan in fixed assets was completed, including the construction of three management stations, one office building and one reception station, with a building area of 6700 m2, and the erection of transmission lines

Chinese PinYin : Ba Da Gong Shan Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu