Fuquanshan site

Fuquanshan site

Fuquanshan site, once known as fuchuanshan, also known as xuedaoshan, is located in the west of Chonggu Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai. After many excavations, 154 tombs of song, Tang, Han, Warring States, Liangzhu Culture and Songze culture, and many important sites of Liangzhu culture, such as altars and Songze culture, have been cleared, among which the discovery of Liangzhu culture high platform cemetery is the most important.

The ancient cultural site of Fuquan mountain has preserved the cultural superimposed remains of five color soil layers, such as yellow brown, gray brown, gray blue, blue gray and loess. It is praised by archaeologists as "the historical chronology of ancient Shanghai" and "the pyramid of civil engineering in China".

Fuquanshan site, announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit on June 25, 2001, is the only national cultural relics protection unit in Qingpu District.

General situation of the site

Fuquan mountain is an irregular rectangle, 94 meters long from east to west, 84 meters wide from north to south, and 7.5 meters high. It completely preserves the superimposed cultural remains of various periods with a history of 6000-7000 years ago, including the Neolithic Songze culture, Liangzhu culture, Majiabang culture and Warring States period relics,

It is praised by archaeologists as "China's civil pyramid", "historical chronology of ancient Shanghai" and "birthplace of Shanghai".

Fuquanshan site is a typical mound site in Taihu Lake area, covering an area of 7000 square meters. The well preserved superimposed relationship between the tombs of Songze culture and Liangzhu culture is found in the site, which is of great value to the study of Neolithic culture in the coastal areas of Southeast China. A number of rare products of Neolithic pottery and jade have been unearthed, such as Cong shaped bracelets with human and animal patterns, black pottery pot with wide handle, Loukong Zuding, etc., which are important examples to explore the social nature of Liangzhu Culture and the origin of ancient Chinese civilization. Up to now, the ancient cultural site of Fuquan mountain has preserved the cultural superimposed remains of five color soil layers, such as yellow brown, gray brown, gray blue, blue gray and loess. It is praised by archaeologists as "the historical chronology of ancient Shanghai" and "China's civil engineering pyramid".

Excavation and identification

The No. 139 Tomb of Liangzhu culture period in fuquanshan, which was excavated and identified by archaeologists, belongs to a tomb of human sacrifice.

The owner of the tomb was an adult male, who was buried with his body on his back and legs straight. There were a lot of rich funeral objects.

On the northeast corner of the tomb, there is another human bone. It is identified as a young woman. Her upper and lower limbs are bent and separated, like kneeling and falling down, with her head facing northwest.

There is a jade bead on the top of the head, a jade tube on the forehead, a jade ring on the neck, a small jade pendant on the upper limb, a jade tube on the left and right lower limb bones, and a big mouth pottery jar for sacrifice behind the skeleton. It can be seen that the former is a noble with a prominent position, while the latter is a humble one, which is obviously a human sacrifice and related to sacrifice.

Historical chronology

Archaeologists also found a large wall with various cultural layers in the 5.3-meter-high pit to the north of Fuquan. It is like a historical chronology from primitive society to slave society and feudal society since the Neolithic period. The bottom layer is the Majiabang cultural layer, the middle layer is the Songze cultural layer, and the top layer is the early Liangzhu culture The yellowish brown soil near the ground is the late Liangzhu culture layer.

Such a complete accumulation of ancient cultural soil is a rare heritage of field archaeology, which is of great significance to the study of the ancient social form and cultural outlook in Shanghai. It also proves that Chonggu area has become a land as early as 6000 years ago, and our ancestors have been working and living near Fuquan mountain. Their diligence and wisdom have improved and enriched their cultural heritage life.

It can be seen that the ancient Shanghai people, Fuquan mountain people, made great contributions to the ancient culture of Shanghai through hard life.

Excavation of cultural relics

At the end of May 1951, Shen Shiming from the culture and Education Department of the Songjiang special administration came to the county to investigate the cultural relics. He found hard pottery with printed characters and primitive porcelain pieces around Fuquan mountain in Chonggu.

In 1959, the City Management Commission sent Huang xuanpei, sun Weichang, Yang Hui and others to Qingpu Fuquan mountain and other 15 places for a general survey of cultural relics and historic sites. Stone knives, stone axes and pottery pieces were successively found in the ditches around the mountain.

In the autumn of 1962, the Municipal Cultural Administration Commission and the County Museum confirmed the Fuquan mountain, luotuodun and other ancient cultural sites after archaeological review.

In 1977, when the teachers and students of Chonggu middle school were working in the fields beside Fuquan mountain, they found Songze cultural pottery. So on December 7 of that year, the Shanghai Municipal People's government listed the ancient cultural relics of Fuquan mountain as the third batch of cultural relics protection units in Shanghai.

From November 2 to December 1, 1979, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of cultural administration excavated 15 deep ditches in the farmland around Fuquan mountain, covering an area of 130 square meters. Most of the unearthed cultural relics are from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Liangzhu, Songze and Majiabang cultural periods;

In August 1982, after the discovery of stone tools and jade walls in Fuquan mountain in Chonggu County, from September 613 to December 181982, the ancient Department of the Municipal Cultural Management Association went to Fuquan mountain to conduct a trial excavation. Seven exploration squares of 5x7m were opened, and the uncovered area was 225m2;

From December 1, 1983 to January 24, 1984, the ancient Department of the Municipal Cultural Management Association explored 20 tombs at 5 × 10 meters in Fuquan mountain, covering an area of 1000 square meters. It excavated 16 tombs of Songze culture, 10 tombs of Liangzhu culture, 3 tombs of the Warring States period and 46 tombs of the Western Han Dynasty, and unearthed more than 1000 pieces of jade, stone, pottery and bone ware;

In December 1986, with the approval of the Ministry of culture of the State Council, the third excavation was carried out. Another 16 pits of 5x10m were excavated. One Tomb of Songze culture, 15 tombs of Liangzhu culture, one Tomb of Tang Dynasty, 50 tombs of Western Han Dynasty, one Tomb of Song Dynasty, and more than 1000 pieces of jade, pottery, bone, copper, iron and other cultural relics were excavated. At the same time, Liangzhu Culture tombs were found.

On October 13, 1988, Zhu Rongji, mayor of Shanghai, Wu Bangguo, Yang Di, Zeng Qinghong, deputy secretary of the municipal Party committee, and other leaders visited Qingpu to inspect the cultural relics work, focusing on Fuquan mountain, Qinglong temple, Chen Yun's former residence, and the exhibition room of the County Museum.

Three excavations

From 1979 to 1986, a trial excavation and three excavations successively uncovered an area of about 2000 square meters. A total of 19 tombs of Songze culture, 30 tombs of Liangzhu culture, 4 tombs of Warring States period, 96 tombs of Western Han Dynasty, 1 Tomb of Tang Dynasty and 1 Tomb of Song Dynasty were excavated. More than 2800 pieces of cultural relics were unearthed, and fragments of clay red pottery of Majiabang culture about 6000 years ago, such as jiguaner, Jiasha pottery waist edge cauldron, etc.

At present, the excavation materials and unearthed cultural relics are tentatively displayed by Shanghai Museum and Qingpu Museum. The Municipal Museum has also taken videos of the ancient cultural relics of Fuquan mountain and held exhibitions of the unearthed cultural relics of Fuquan mountain.

Some of the treasures have been on display in the most famous Metropolitan Museum in the United States and Hamburg, Germany.

On May 4, 1984, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government erected the monument of "Fuquan mountain ancient cultural site" in front of Fuquan mountain, and stipulated 200 meters around the mountain as the scope of protection. After the excavation of Fuquan mountain ancient cultural site, it was first surrounded by wire mesh, and now a wall has been built to protect it.

cultural meaning

（1） It is found that the early and late Songze culture and the early and late Liangzhu culture are overlapped, which provides an important basis for their respective stages.

（2） The tombs of men and women and three people found in the tombs of the late Songze culture are important materials for studying the social nature of the late Songze culture.

（3） Fuquan mountain is a mound built as a cemetery during the Liangzhu culture period. Seven late Liangzhu tombs have been found, and there may be sacrificial pits on the back of them. These important signs are the first to be found in the archaeology of Taihu Lake area.

Address: no.658, fuquanshan Road, Chonggu Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai

Longitude: 121.177349

Latitude: 31.200617

Tel: 021-59785515

Ticket information: market price: 8.0 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Fu Quan Shan Yi Zhi