Guandu ancient town

During the period of Nanzhao Dali Kingdom, Guandu ancient town was already a big market town and transportation hub on the Northeast Bank of Dianchi Lake. Guandu, formerly known as "wodong", was a fishing village with screw shells piled up like a mountain on the Bank of Dianchi Lake. In the Tang Dynasty, guguandu was the ideal place for Nanzhao princes to stop when visiting Dianchi Lake. From 1180 to 1190, he was stationed in the "Shanshan" exercise Gaosheng era and often traveled to wodong by boat. The Gaosheng boat was tied to the shore, so the cave was named "Guandu".

The earliest temples built in Guandu ancient town are the Tuzhu temple dedicated to mahagara (the great black god) built in Tang Dynasty and the statutory temple in Song Dynasty. The main hall of Tuzhu temple has a large volume, with a front corridor and a back building. It has a structure of seven sandalwood beams with a bucket like structure, especially the Qing style nine steps and four warped Ruyi Dougong under the eaves of the front of the main hall, which is magnificent and colorful. The legal temple is small in size, but it has a high level. The bucket arch has a 45 degree wing arch and is rich in decoration. The front eaves are ornate, the Ming eaves are decorated with double phoenixes, the top of the eaves columns are decorated with wood unicorns, and the four corner beams are carved into the shape of phoenixes. The shape is vivid, which still retains the architectural style of the Song Dynasty and has high architectural art value. They are all provincial cultural relics protection units

Guandu ancient town

Guandu town, located in the southeast suburb of Kunming, is one of the famous historical and cultural towns in Kunming. The gate (archway) of Guandu ancient town is located 8 km southeast of Kunming, on the North Bank of Dianchi Lake and downstream of Baoxiang River, covering an area of 17 square kilometers. Guandu ancient town has many cultural relics and rich cultural landscapes. In less than 1.5 square kilometers, there are many landscapes such as five mountains, six temples, seven pavilions and Eight Temples in Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

brief introduction

The gate (archway) of Guandu ancient town is located 8 km southeast of Kunming, on the North Bank of Dianchi Lake and downstream of Baoxiang River, covering an area of 17 square kilometers. Guandu ancient town has many cultural relics and rich cultural landscapes. In less than 1.5 square kilometers, there are many landscapes such as five mountains, six temples, seven pavilions and Eight Temples in Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Guandu ancient town is famous for its profound history and culture. Although the historical and cultural relics have been damaged, the important historical and cultural remains have been preserved. In the ancient town, the courtyard walls made of snail shells and clay are still standing in the wind and rain. It is a rare fact that a hundred year old earth houses still exist. As an ancient town with a long history, Guandu used to be a famous ancient ferry in Central Yunnan and one of the famous historical and cultural cities in Kunming. In Tang and Song Dynasties, it was already a big market town on the East Bank of Dianchi Lake. In Yuan Dynasty, there were counties in Kunming at the same time. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became a town with developed commerce and handicraft industry. In the past, Guandu was full of merchants and towers. There were five mountains, six temples, seven pavilions, eight temples and many cultural landscapes. So far, many cultural and architectural sites are still preserved.

Guandu town, located in the southeast suburb of Kunming, is one of the famous historical and cultural towns in Kunming. Guandu, formerly known as "wodong", is a fishing village with screw shells piled up like a mountain on the Bank of Dianchi Lake. Here is a picturesque place with mist, wind and waves. As early as the Tang Dynasty, "Wo Dong" was the ideal place for Nanzhao princes to stop when they visited Dianchi Lake. In the Song Dynasty, from 1180 to 1190, people who were stationed in Shanshan often went to wodong by boat. The Gaosheng boat was tied to the shore, so the cave was named "Guandu". Gao seemed to have a special preference for Guandu, so he simply divided Guandu into his own direct jurisdiction, set up Guandu county government in wodong, and built the city.

Guandu, as a scenic spot, has become a precious place for dignitaries to build palaces and villas and celebrities to visit. "How many passers-by come and go here, and the horse's hooves break through the frost of the fifth night." "here the curtain of wine invites me to get drunk, and across the boat the drum sends me home." the ancient Guandu is immersed in the sound of a string of strings.

Of course, the first people to stop here were not only the princes and nobles of Nanzhao and Dali, but also their religious culture. The earliest temples built in Guandu are the Tuzhu temple dedicated to mahagaro (the great black god) in Tang Dynasty and the statutory temple in Song Dynasty. At present, the main hall of Tuzhu temple has a large volume, with a front porch and a back building. It has a structure of seven sandalwood beams, especially the Qing style nine steps and four warped Ruyi Dougong under the eaves of the front of the main hall, which is magnificent and colorful. The legal temple is small in size, but it has a high level. The bucket arch has a 45 degree wing arch and is rich in decoration. The front eaves are ornate, the Ming eaves are decorated with double phoenixes, the top of the eaves columns are decorated with wood unicorns, and the four corner beams are carved into the shape of phoenixes. The shape is vivid, which still retains the architectural style of the Song Dynasty and has high architectural art value. They are all cultural relics protection units at the provincial level.

Historical origin

Miaozhan temple, the "head of the six temples" in Guandu, was built in 1290 (the 27th year of the Yuan Dynasty). It was completed in 1295. Later, it collapsed due to flooding. It was moved to the center of the current ancient town in 1325. There are two 13 storey solid square brick towers with dense eaves in the East and west of the temple. Later, the West Tower was destroyed by the earthquake, while the East Tower remains today. Of course, among the religious buildings in Guandu ancient town, the most famous one is the King Kong Pagoda in front of miaozhan temple, a national key cultural relic protection unit.

When miaozhan temple was rebuilt in 1457, the second year of the reign of Emperor Shun tomorrow, "Nai is the first rule of creating a floating map in front of the temple", which is the King Kong throne tower. The advocator of building the King Kong throne tower was doctor tejin Ronglu, who was guarding Yunnan's chief soldier Muli, and the investor was the eunuch Luo Li, who was guarding Yunnan. They were all the leading figures who ruled Yunnan at that time. The purpose of the new stone pagoda is to "build merit", "prolong life", "follow customs and stabilize people's hearts" and "not to rule". "Following customs and stabilizing people's hearts" here refers to the folk legend that there is a screw monster making waves, so the tower was built to control it. Among more than ten existing Vajra pagodas in China, miaozhan Temple Vajra pagoda is the one with the earliest construction time and the longest history. This King Kong pagoda, reflecting the two brick pagodas with dense eaves in miaozhan temple, not only embodies the Buddhist spirit of "tolerance is greatness" and "combination of manifestation and closeness", but also has a very spectacular architectural layout, which constitutes the core of the ancient architectural complex of Guandu town.

The Vajra throne tower was originally the memorial tower of Sakyamuni Buddha on the Bank of the nirian Chan River in the city of kayah in India, known as the "Buddha kayah tower". Also known as the "altar", that is, "altar.". A small square tower is built at each corner of the tower base, and a tall conical tower is arched in the middle. The five pagodas represent the five Buddhas, the big Pagoda in the middle represents the dari Tathagata, and the four buildings around clockwise represent the Tathagata of a'yi, the Tathagata of Baosheng, the Tathagata of Mitha and the Tathagata of Bukong.

Guandu diamond throne tower consists of two parts: the base and the tower body. The plane of the base is square, with a side length of 10.4 meters and a height of 4.7 meters. At the bottom of the base, there are four ticket gates, East, West, North and south, which can pass by pedestrians, vehicles and horses. On the base, five towers stand. The main tower with a height of 16 meters is built in the center, with a small tower with a height of 8.84 meters at the four corners. The main tower is grand and majestic, and the small tower is small and exquisite. Both the main tower and the small tower are composed of xumizuo, tower body, tower neck and tower brake, but their styles are different. The big and small towers are in harmony with each other. Tall and handsome Tasha stands like bamboo shoots after a spring rain, competing to break the ground. Its image is light and beautiful, and it has a kind of flying beauty.

Guandu diamond throne tower is not only the overall concept of elegant image, it is reverie. The detailed bronze and stone carvings are also very exquisite. Whether it is the five kinds of Mount animals on Xumi seat of the main tower, the four cornered King Kong Hercules, or the Buddha statues in the niches, the sculptors are extremely fine, delicate, realistic and vivid. The four heavenly kings holding swords, pipa, pearl umbrellas, flower foxes and minks on the copper umbrella cover, and the copper gold wheel with nine Buddha statues inlaid in the center of the top of the tower base across the sky are also exquisitely carved, showing the superb level of craftsmanship. Guandu is the landing place for Tibetan Buddhism to enter Kunming. The stone pagoda of miaozhan temple has left a deep imprint on the Tibetan Tantric pagoda, which is clearly reflected in the Lama pagoda. The later built Jingang pagodas of Beijing dazhengjue temple, Biyun temple and Ciyun Temple in Hohhot are all typical Han style multi-storey pagodas with dense eaves. The Jingang pagoda of Lama tower is only one example in China.

Guandu diamond throne tower is not only permeated with the spiritual light of religious culture, but also permeated with the poetic charm of architectural art, giving people spiritual edification and aesthetic enjoyment. Up to now, we can't know who designed and built this exquisite art masterpiece. History books only record the names of the officials who initiated and donated, but this stone tower with eternal artistic value will always be a monument of their wisdom and talent in the hearts of future generations.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Confucius building was also established in Guandu, which had a profound impact on the children's reading and writing. Later, the famous scholar Wang sixun came out here. Wang sixun was a Jinshi in the 45th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1706). He once served as a teacher of Emperor Yongzheng when he was young. Emperor Kangxi gave him ten thousand books. After Wang sixun returned to his hometown in honor, he built a library for collection. So far, the library still exists. By the Qing Dynasty, Guandu ancient town had formed a complex of "six temples, seven pavilions and eight temples" with strong cultural color within the scope of today's Luofeng, Xiuying, Xizhuang and heshangyi villages. These magnificent buildings are combined with the natural scenery to form a beautiful picture, forming the so-called eight scenes of Guandu, namely "gudu fishing lantern", "Luofeng reddening", "Yuntai moon", "Xingpu sheep", "Lingyun smoke", "South Yunnan lawn", "King Kong Night language" and "writing the sky".

Chinese PinYin : Guan Du Gu Zhen