Ancient village upstairs

Ancient village upstairs

Located in the east of Guizhou Province and the west of Tongren area, loulou ancient village, Guorong Township, Shiqian County is closely connected with provincial fudingshan nature reserve. It has a long history, outstanding people and rich cultural heritage. Integrating ancient buildings, houses, alleys, bridges, wells, trees, tombs, books, customs and rhymes, it is known as "a rare ancient village of Ming and Qing Dynasties in the Buddha peak".

Historical evolution

Built in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, the ancient building complex of Shanglou village integrates Zitong Palace (theater building, main hall, North and South chambers and courtyards, back hall and Guanyin Pavilion), Tianfu ancient well and Ming and Qing ancient people. In 1861, it was partly destroyed by the Miao people. In 1867, the main hall and the two chambers were rebuilt. The hall was rebuilt in 1882. In 1916, the theater was built. In 1938, the villagers raised funds to build tianfujing. Most of the dwellings were built in the late Qing Dynasty. In June 2006, it was announced as the fourth batch of key cultural relics protection units by Guizhou Provincial People's government.

The theater tower is a two-story Xieshan green tile roofed building with a bucket carrying beam. It sits from east to west. The left and right box buildings are equipped with corridors, and the stage is highlighted in the center. There are painted screens of "Fu", "Lu" and "Shou". The front and both sides of the theater tower are decorated with rolled grass patterns, and the eaves are decorated with crane neck rafters and boards.

The main hall is a small green tile roofed building with a mixture of lifting beams and fighting. It sits east to west, with five rooms wide and two times wide. The center between the old eaves and columns is a split panel door, and the two sides are sill windows. Between the two pillars, plates are installed, and vertical windows are opened in the middle. In the Ming Dynasty, the back eaves and gold pillars were decorated with boards to wear Fang, and the upper part was decorated with walking horse boards, and the shrine was set. The two mountains are covered with eaves. The front eaves were covered with blue stone, and the back eaves between the two eaves had stone ladders down to the back hall. In the Northern Corridor, there is a stone tablet named "preface to rebuilding Zitong Palace".

The two chambers and the courtyard, the north and South chambers are two rooms wide, with a bucket like suspended hill and green tile roof. The courtyard is rectangular in shape. The ground is paved with bluestone slabs, which are horizontally aligned and of different vertical widths.

The back hall is a building with two eaves and four corners and a small green tile roof. It is three rooms wide and two floors in the Ming Dynasty. Between the two times is the bucket beam. The front eaves of the back hall are covered with corridors, and the two mountains are covered with eaves. Mingjian roof is decorated with grass ridge, Hulu Baoding and xiaoqingwa roof. The inscription of Daliang is "the seventh day of the first month of the eighth year of Emperor Guangxu's reign of Qing Dynasty.". The wellhead of Tianfu well is located in the northeast and southwest. On the well, there is a small green tile roofed building with a folded hill and a bucket. On the south side of the wellhead stands a workover stone.

The folk houses in the villages preserve the features of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, which are rare in Guizhou Province. The houses in the village are located in the north and south of the village. They are built close to the mountains. There are many ancient and deep Ming and Qing buildings everywhere. Most of the dwellings are Siheyuan and Sanheyuan. There are three main rooms in the courtyard, and two dry column type rooms on both sides. The dragon's gate is in the shape of eight characters, which means to seek evil and avoid evil, and keep money from being exposed. Longmen is not directly opposite the main hall. They are all slanting open, and the ancient lane of Qingshiban is slanting. It is also known as "slanting gate quadrangle". Every family has a gate in the quadrangle house. As long as the gate is closed, it can guard against theft. There are three main rooms in the Sanheyuan, and two wing rooms of dry column type on both sides. There are plaques on some houses and couplets beside the doors. Most of them are related to the life experience of the host, the honor of the family and the wishes of the writer. They are rich in connotation and far-reaching in artistic conception. The window lattice is inlaid with exquisitely carved figures, birds and animals, insects and fish, sacred deer, Phoenix, flowers and other patterns, which can be said to be unique. Its artistic level is amazing. Its ancient dwellings are exquisitely built, and the flower windows are exquisitely carved. They are exquisite and wonderful. They present pictures of dragons flying and Phoenix dancing, birds singing and insects chirping, reflecting the peaceful life and quiet work here.

Each lane is paved with bluestone slabs, mottled and concave convex. The lane is 2-3.5 meters wide, and there are 0.3-0.4 meters wide drainage ditches parallel to it. The natural rainwater and domestic water of the whole village flow into Liaoxian River and Wujiang River through this ditch. Hundreds of years ago, the scientific nature of this road and drainage system design is still amazing. At the same time, the laneway is also the best arson zone in upstairs village. Once there is a fire, people just need to support the stone walls on both sides of the nearest roadway to the roof and lift the tiles, so that the fire can jump up, thus cutting off the fire path and preventing the fire from spreading. Moreover, on both sides of the courtyard of the village upstairs, there is a fire pool made of stone. Because of the strong fire prevention facilities, there has been no big fire in the village for more than 500 years, and it has been completely preserved up to now.

The ancestral hall of the Zhou family is located in the north and south, with three rooms wide. The inscription of Daliang is "living on the upper floor of the new No.2 a house in the second house of Sishi in Guizhou Province" and "Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty was founded in the early mid winter of Guisi". In the west corridor, there is a stone tablet named lunshui stone tablet.

Xiaotun temple, located in the north and south, was built at an unknown time. The whole temple has fine architecture, proper layout, elegant furnishings and magnificent temples. As a result of the war and banditry, only the main hall, temple base, monk's tombs, courtyard and courtyard are left. The stone wall, stone steps, stone benches, stone drums and stone vats are well protected.

Zhou's tombs: there are many ancient tombs in the village, which are closely related to each other. There are tombs of sifangbei, jiuzishixiucai, wenlinlang, etc. the construction features of the tombs are rare in the province. For hundreds of years, people of the Zhou family have been studying hard, and many talented people have emerged. The surname of Zhou has been pursuing the principles of diligence, thrift, forbearance, yielding, filial piety, courtesy, righteousness, cultivation and reading.

Upstairs village has maintained a unique ancient ethnic customs of the Han nationality, including mourning and marriage, blowing suona, folk embroidery and other ancient customs. There are also Yangko, maolongdeng, toast song and other traditional customs.

Crying Marriage song is a unique form and content in the marriage of villagers upstairs. Girls have been learning to sing wedding laments from their elders since childhood. People regard whether they will marry as the standard to measure a woman's intelligence and virtue. If they only cry but don't sing, or sing but don't cry, or cry not moving, they are regarded as inferior in talent and virtue. Weeping for marriage runs through the whole process of the wedding. Generally, the closer the wedding day is, the more miserable the weeping is. First, the weeping is overnight, and then the weeping is nightly. The content of weeping for marriage is rich and colorful, including weeping for parents, weeping for brothers and sisters, weeping for relatives and friends, weeping for faces, weeping for clothes, weeping for sedans, weeping for carpenters, weeping for scholars, weeping for businessmen, weeping for matchmakers, etc.

Mourning songs are the main content of local funeral. For a long time, in addition to forming a complete set of rituals, they also form a special form of singing mourning songs to express the feelings for the dead. Mourning songs, also known as "filial piety songs" and "dancing mourning", have been inherited from generation to generation. In modern times, this custom has been inherited and improved, forming a relatively stable form and content. Funeral songs are divided into four procedures: opening songs, receiving dead people, singing filial piety, and sending songs to gods.

Trombone suona is a kind of folk band. Trombone suona team should be invited to celebrate or mourn every wedding, funeral, wedding and other important events. It is a true portrayal of the local people's happiness, anger and sorrow, and a folk playing form that the masses like to see.

Upstairs village, an ancient village more than 500 years old, still retains its original style, but it is hidden in the boudoir. With the attention to cultural heritage, she is lifting the veil of mystery.

introduce

Upstairs, it was called "Zhaiji" in ancient times. Founded in the sixth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1494), it is a village based on the blood relationship of the Zhou family. The whole village sits in the northeast and southwest, 15 kilometers away from Shiqian County, covering an area of 4.2 square kilometers. It has a mild climate and four distinct seasons. According to Zhou's genealogy, Zhou's ancestral hall was named dabentang. Zhou Guozhao, a Jinshi in Ming Dynasty, became an official in Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province, built a Jiangxi guild hall, and his family lived in shaijinpo, Luoyang township. Later, Zhou moved to tianjingba Renyi Township, Leye County, Tongchuan County, Western Sichuan Province. In the sixth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1494-502 B.C.), Zhou Boquan, the ancestor of Zhou, took refuge and entered trade Qian, moved upstairs. After more than 500 years of development, it has been preserved until now. It is surrounded by Liao Xianhe in the front, Cangshan in the back, and surrounded by ancient pines, cypresses and trees. The whole village of loulou village is centered on the "Big Dipper" tree. It is divided into four quadrants from Tianshu to yaoguangjiaotianquan and Tianji. The southeast quadrant is the production area, the southwest quadrant is the residential area, the northwest quadrant is the entertainment area, and the northeast quadrant is the burial area. The layout of the residential area is even more surprising. The road of the whole residential area is more than 2000 meters in total, with a "dou" structure. The starting point of "dou" is the midpoint of a courtyard, and the ending point is the water source of the village, and the starting point is located on the connecting line between Tianquan and tianxianxing in the Big Dipper.

There are many cultural relics in the village, such as the ancient buildings, Zhou's ancestral hall, Xiaotun temple and Zhou's tombs.

Address: 50 meters south of 375 Township Road, Shiqian County, Tongren City

Longitude: 108.164374

Latitude: 27.473084

Chinese PinYin : Lou Shang Gu Zhai