Jiuliancheng

Jiuliancheng

Jiulian Town, Zhen'an District, 12 km northeast of the city center. North by the town of Dongshan, the terrain is dangerous, is the ancient tribute road from the place. Jiuliancheng was built in Jin Dynasty and was the inspection office of POSA Prefecture in Yuan Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, it was called Jiulian city at first, then Jiulian City, and Zhenjiang city was added. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became an important place for trade between China and North Korea, opened an exchange market, and garrisoned troops. Today, only a few watchtowers are preserved, as well as the ruins of Zhenjiang City in the Ming Dynasty.

Introduction to historic sites

Jiuliancheng was built in Jin Dynasty and was the inspection office of POSA Prefecture in Yuan Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, it was called Jiulian city at first, then Jiulian City, and Zhenjiang city was added. Jiulian city is located on the Bank of Yalu River, 25 miles northeast of Dandong City. Since the Ming Dynasty, it has been called "Jiulian city" because there are nine ancient city sites. Jiulian city has a long history. It faces each other across the Yinhe river. On Zhongjiang Island, it is the ancient city of Han "Xi'an Pingxian". Less than five miles away, it has been developed for a long time. In the Jin Dynasty, Jiulian city had an administrative structure and became the headquarters of the pasafu road; in the Yuan Dynasty, it was the site of the inspection department of the pasafu road; in the Ming Dynasty, Zhenjiang city was built here and changdiebao guerrilla was moved here. It was a military important place on the Southeast border of Eastern Liaoning, an important trade route between China and North Korea in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and a necessary place for the diplomatic envoys of the two countries.

building structure

Jiuliancheng ancient city is located in the north of jiuliancheng village and the west of the village. It is connected with the big and small nine cities. In the East, there are the input River and Yalu River, and in the back, there are Zhendong mountain. The situation is very dangerous. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Benzhi once investigated the site of the ancient city and described the situation of Jiulian City: "carefully distinguish the boundary site of Weihao, which is surrounded by long and short square circles, with a total of nine camps and three sides of the earth city beside the tribute road.". Now there are four city sites and five lookouts. One is located in the west of jiuliancheng village, with two East and West gates. The south wall is 225 meters long, and the rammed earth wall is about 4 meters high. After the Anti Japanese War, a Soviet style barracks was built in the city. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was changed into a local garrison family home. The original family houses are three in the middle corridor style, with wings separated out. The houses are E-shaped and F-shaped, each with five entrances and exits. They were demolished and changed into four in the 1980s In 1978, there was a factory for family members of the garrison. All kinds of porcelain pieces, glazed beads, broken bricks and big stone mortars of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties and the "Chongning treasure" coins of Song Dynasty are unearthed in the city, which shows that the city is an ancient city site that experienced Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.

Historical evolution

Since the Yuan Dynasty, jiuliancheng has been trading with Korea, becoming a place of "mutual market". In the Qing Dynasty, trade took place on Zhongjiang island. Mashitai on the island, also known as "zhongjiangtai", is now mashitai village. At that time, the trade took place in February and August every year. Both sides went to Taiwan to exchange goods and materials. In Feng Cheng Suo Lu, Bo Ming of Qing dynasty recorded the trade situation: every year, after the spring and Autumn period, North Korea served with cattle, Chen served in Jianggan, garrison served in Taiwan, Fu served with 7514 sections of cloth, 200 yiniu, 299 packages of salt, 15800 kg of sea vegetables, 22000 kg of sea cucumbers, 18000 pieces of paper, 499 sections of cotton linen, and 200 iron plows. It was undertaken by one businessman from the capital, one from Pyongyang and one from the Yellow Sea, and led by the governor of Yizhou. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the location of "mutual market" was moved to jiuliancheng. During the Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates repeatedly invaded Korea and China, and the Ming government resolutely fought back. At the same time, in order to help Korea fight against Japanese pirates, Ming soldiers crossed the Yalu River many times to help Korea fight back the invasion of Japanese pirates. On October 26, 1894, the Japanese invaded jiuliancheng and Anton. This was the first battle of Japanese invasion into Chinese territory during the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895. On October 20, Japanese troops captured Yizhou, Korea. On the 24th, he crossed the Yalu River. On the 25th, he invaded the tiger mountain in the northeast of Jiulian city. Ma Jinxu, the former general soldier of the Qing army, led his troops to fight with the enemy, but they were defeated without help. On the 26th day, Nie Shicheng, the general soldier of the Qing army, continued to fight and was also defeated. On the 26th, Japanese troops invaded Jiulian City, an important transportation road between China and North Korea, trapped Antong and other cities, and invaded Liaoyang. At that time, more than 70 battalions of the Qing army were stationed in Northeast China, but the generals were not restrained, lax and undisciplined, had poor combat effectiveness, and did not make careful arrangements, so they were defeated.

From 1904 to 1905 (the 30th to 31st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), Japan and tsarist Russia fought an imperialist war in Northeast China in order to occupy Northeast China and Korea. It ended in the failure of Czarist Russia. After the war, the Japanese built a war memorial on the east mountain of Jiulian Town, which is called "Japanese mountain" by the local people. The Russian built a tomb for the war dead on the hill on the west side of the east mountain of Jiulian Town, which is called "Russian tomb" by the local people. Both sites are well preserved. This is an irrefutable evidence of imperialist aggression against our country, and also a symbol of the humiliation of the incompetence of the poor and clean government of a weak country. Now it is the base of patriotism education.

Related verses

Attachment: when Wang Zhigao visited Yalu River in Ming Dynasty, he wrote poems to express his feelings

"The grass on the Bank of Jiulian city is soft, and the Yalu River is full of dusk.

Birds on the other side of the river sing in different places, while people across the river speak in the same way.

The emperor's benevolence has been selfless, and the state of the sea has always been pious.

"The people in the border area should be cautious in sealing and guarding, and don't teach the woodcutters and herdsmen to disturb Dongtian."

Note: the picture shows the gate of China in jiuliancheng area -- the great wall of Hushan, the easternmost end of the Great Wall.

You can take bus NO.213 in Dandong City directly

historical event

In 1904, in order to fight for the interests of Korea and Northeast China, Japan and tsarist Russia waged a criminal war on Chinese territory, which is called "Russo Japanese War" in history. Until now, in Jiulian Town, Zhen'an District, our city, there are still criminal evidences of that year.

On the top of Dongshan mountain in jiuliancheng Town, a 7-meter-high Japanese monument is erected. It is made of granite. On the front, it is engraved with the five characters of "Yalu River achievements" and on the back, it is engraved with the inscription of the war history written by the commander of the first Japanese Army, heimu Weizhen, in Japanese. It is mainly about the first battle of the "Russo Japanese War", the battle of jiuliancheng.

In the summer and autumn of 1903, the Tsarist Russian army began to set up defense around Jiulian City, with nearly 20000 troops, under the command of former tsarist army minister kurobatkin. The Japanese troops, with 30000 troops, gathered in the area of Yizhou and Baima Mountain, and were under the command of general heimu Weizhen. On April 18, 1904, the Japanese army attacked the Russian army in three ways to cross the Yangtze River, but the Russian army resisted stubbornly and the crossing was blocked. On April 29 of that year, the Japanese army reorganized its forces and formed a Death Squadron. Under the cover of artillery and naval vessels, it successfully crossed the river by force. On May 1, general heimu Weizhen came to Hushan and personally commanded the second division, the twelfth division and the Jinwei division to launch a larger-scale attack on the Russian army. After several bloody battles, Jiulian city was finally occupied by the Japanese army. The Japanese army continued to pursue the Russian army, and the Russian army finally retreated to Siping, Jilin Province. After several battles, until August 1905, after more than a year, Japan defeated tsarist Russia and the war ended.

In 1906, the Japanese army built a Japanese monument on the hillside of Zhendong mountain to "commemorate" the battle of jiuliancheng. In 1916, the stone tablet was moved to its present site by the "Japan Manchuria front Preservation Association" and has been preserved to this day. This has also become an irrefutable evidence of Japanese imperialism's invasion of China. The Russo Japanese war greatly damaged the political and military vitality of tsarist Russia, which not only transferred all its privileges in Northeast China to Japan, but also caused the domestic emptiness because its main forces were used in the war, which created conditions for the workers' revolution and played a catalytic role in the victory of the October Revolution.

Due to the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government at that time, the war between Japan and Russia burned to the land of China, which brought heavy disaster to Anton people, especially the residents in jiuliancheng. Houses were demolished for firewood, crops were cut for horse fodder. During the war, a large area of land in Jiulian city was destroyed, houses and farmhouses were burned, and countless civilians died in the war. The prosperous "important town of the Six Dynasties" has since become desolate and depressed. The heinous crimes committed by the imperialists in China are too numerous to record!

Looking back to the past, the smoke of history is far away. Dandong is also showing the world its heroic spirit of building a modern coastal port city in the east of Northeast China. The purpose of retaining the Japanese monument is not only to let us understand history, but also to let us "take history as a mirror", improve our sense of national mission and honor, and always remind and urge ourselves to "never forget national humiliation and revitalize China".

Address: Jiulian Town, Zhen'an District, Dandong City

Longitude: 124.46909332275

Latitude: 40.203231811523

Ticket information: market price: 25.0 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Jiu Lian Cheng