Qingling

Qingling

Qingling mausoleum, located 1.5km northwest of Changling mausoleum and about 0.5km northwest of Xianling mausoleum, is located at the south foot of erling of Huangshan temple in Tianshou Mausoleum of Changping, Beijing. It is the joint burial Mausoleum of Mingguang Emperor Zhu Changluo and empresses Guo, Wang and Liu.

"Quechao Jiuzhan"

Qingling mausoleum was originally built by Zhu Qiyu, Emperor Jingtai of Ming Dynasty. Zhu Qiyu was the son of Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty and the younger brother of Yingzong of Ming Dynasty. After the civil engineering revolution, Ming Yingzong was captured, and his younger brother Zhu Qiyu supervised the country. Later, he was established as emperor, and his name was Jingtai. One year later, Yingzong was put back to live in Nangong. In the eighth year of Jingtai, Emperor Jingtai got a serious illness. Hou Shiheng and others of the Wuqing Dynasty seized the opportunity to seize the door and put emperor Jingtai under house arrest in xinnei. Soon, Emperor Jingtai died of grief and indignation. Yingzong abandoned Zhu Qiyu as king, and abandoned the tomb that emperor Jingtai had begun to build in Tianshou mountain. Emperor Jingtai was buried in the Western Hills of Beijing according to the prince's specifications, but not in the Ming Tombs.

Who knows, more than 100 years later, on the site of this mausoleum, the Qingling Mausoleum of mingguangzong Zhu Changluo was built. At that time, due to the sudden death of Zhu Changluo, the father of Mingguang sect, who had only been emperor for 29 days, and the lack of national strength, Mingshen sect had not been buried and had no time to build his own mausoleum. As a result, it was too late to select Ji'an and bu Shouling when the mausoleum was built, so we had to use the site of emperor Jingtai's Shouling mausoleum. The mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Qiyu of Ming Dynasty, which had been abandoned for more than 160 years, was rebuilt. This is today's Qingling mausoleum. "Ming history · Xi zongben Ji" contains: "Ren Yin in September, buried emperor Zhen in Qingling."

Construction process

The underground palace of Qingling was built in March 1621, the first year of Tianqi. It was closed to Longmen on July 29. It took four months and consumed 1.5 million taels of silver. The quality of the project is fine. Except that the Xuangong palace is made of stone, the others are of wooden beam structure. The "back, middle and front halls" are separated by "heavy doors". The ground construction was completed in 1626.

Architecture and layout

The overall layout of the mausoleum palace is round in front and back, covering an area of 27600 square meters, with a relatively small scale. It was originally the site of the destroyed Jingtai Mausoleum - "Jingtai WA".

1、 Main buildings:

The mausoleum building of Qingling is composed of Shinto, Mausoleum palace and ancillary buildings outside mausoleum palace. A single stone bridge was built on the Shinto. Near the mausoleum, a stele pavilion was built, in which a stele was erected. The head of a turtle fell, and there was no word.

In order to conform to the terrain, there is a drainage River between the Baoding of Fangcheng and the kuanen hall. There are two sacred silk stoves. In the second entrance to the courtyard, there are three gates in front of the courtyard, with two columns of archway gate and a stone case. On the case, there is a stone censer, two in Thailand and two vases. Behind the square courtyard, there is a round treasure city. At the entrance of the treasure City, there is a square platform, and on the platform, there is a double eaves Pavilion. In the building, there is a stele named Sheng, on which is engraved "Tomb of emperor guangzongzhen of Ming Dynasty".

After minglou, Baocheng is filled with loess. A cylindrical body with a diameter of 28 meters is rammed in the center. The retaining wall in front of the tomb is the same height as the Baocheng wall, and it is surrounded by the Baocheng platform and the walls on both sides to form a courtyard, which is nearly crescent shaped in plane. There are also some ancillary buildings in Qingling, such as the slaughter Pavilion, the God kitchen, the God storehouse, the ancestral hall, the god palace, the imperial court, the orchard, the hazel factory, the god horse house, etc.

2、 Characteristic buildings:

(1) Two entering hospitals:

Qingling mausoleum is the only mausoleum in the Ming Tombs with two courtyards in front of it. There are Shinto connecting the two courtyards, and three stone bridges are built behind the first one. The first entrance to the courtyard is the gate of the mausoleum, with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain and three rooms wide. In the courtyard, there are five kuan'en halls and five auxiliary halls.

(2) Drainage system:

The drainage system of Qingling is unique. For the water between the mountains and valleys on both sides of Baocheng, the other tombs of the Ming Tombs use open ditches to drain water from the front of the mausoleum. Qingling built a T-shaped underground drainage culvert in front of minglou. Someone once explored along the open drainage ditch on the west wall of Qingling's treasure city to the southeast. About 60 meters in the middle is an underground ditch. It turns into an open ditch on the east side of the central line between the treasure city and the kuan'en hall. It passes through the central bridge (three holes) of the cemetery to the west, and then turns south. There is another stone bridge (single hole) along the west wall of kuan'en hall to the Wuzi stele, and there is another single hole bridge to the East.

The water flow on both sides of Baocheng city flows into the underground culvert under the left and right palace walls, converges in front of the minglou, and then discharges forward. From the underground, it avoids the Dragon sand encircling the front, and then flows into the open drainage ditch in front of the sand. Through the three stone bridges behind the kuan'en hall, it flows into the river channel from the right side of the front yard around the front of the mausoleum. At this point, the rain from Baocheng after five big turns to flow out of the cemetery. The total length of this section of drainage ditch is nearly 300 meters. The underground ditch outside Baocheng is 1.5 meters deep. It has reached 3 meters outside the mausoleum, with a drop of more than one meter. No matter how much rain there is, it can not be drained. We can also see the wisdom of the working people in ancient China.

(3) A century old bridge

Qingling's bridges are single stone arch bridges, mostly made of white stone or blue white stone. The most amazing thing for visitors is the pines and cypresses growing in the bridge (the two ends of the bridge are close to the flat land) and the crevices. Some of them overturn the huge stones, some of them bend the bridge foundation, straighten their waists and leap into the blue sky. Looking along the drainage ditch, there are also rows of pines and cypresses in the ditch, with only half a meter between the two largest pines. In the heat, the cold wind blows on the bridge and beside the ditch, the towering ancient trees and the hundred year old bridge make people think about the ancient feelings and the vicissitudes of life.

(4) Shiwugong:

Qingling stone Wugong is a kind of symbolic sacrifice used in ancient tombs, which is generally placed in front of the Ming tower. Shixiang stove is one of the five offerings. The arched part of the stove is carved with dragon shaped relief.

Restoration in the Qing Dynasty:

According to the Qing Dynasty Qianlong years of the Ministry of work secretary Jin Jian, the Ministry of household Minister Cao Wenzhi, the Ministry of rites Secretary Debao Shangshu said: Qingling's Ming tower, enjoy hall, Palace door "stop tiles, purlin, Fang off, rafters look at the column wood tilt.". In 1785-1787, the Qing government ordered the Qingling mausoleum to be repaired. During the repair, the walls of the tablet Pavilion of Shengong Shengde in front of the mausoleum were removed, only the stone tablet was left, and the chest high walls were repaired in the four corners outside the tablet. Kuan en hall and Kuan en gate were reduced and rebuilt. Demolish the left and right side halls. The fangchengquan cave of Baocheng was sealed, and a new road was built on the right side of Chengtai to reach Chengtai. The structure of Ming Lou is changed from wooden beam structure to stone top structure.

Today is bleak:

Because of the old and disrepair, the buildings of Qingling cemetery are seriously damaged. The tile on the top of the tomb wall is damaged a lot. The foundation stone components of the gate and hall platform were damaged and flashed seriously. The three doors were rotten and the tiles fell off. Most of the walls of Baocheng and Yuqiang were damaged when the stone bridge railings fell. In the Ming Dynasty, almost all of the funnel arch tile roofs were damaged. The existing Ming tower was like a pile of loess, and the wall was also incomplete.

Qingling emergency repair project:

In order to welcome the 2008 "people's Olympics", on September 16, 2003, with the strong support of the State Administration of cultural relics, Beijing Municipal Bureau of cultural relics and other relevant departments, the office of the Ming Tombs special administrative region began to rush repair the Qingling mausoleum in accordance with the standard of repairing the world cultural heritage. Famous experts such as Luo Zhewen, Zheng Xiaoxie, Zhang Kaiji and Du Xianzhou were employed as consultants for the Qingling mausoleum repair project. This is also the first mausoleum to be built after the Ming Tombs were listed as world cultural heritage.

The projects of the Qingling mausoleum's rush repair include: reorganizing the components of the stone tablet without words; restoring the gate of yan'en, reorganizing the platform and the hall of yan'en, and protecting the existing ruins; overhauling the Ming tower and three gates, reorganizing the platform and the horse path of Fangcheng; restoring the wall of Baocheng, the dumb courtyard and the screen wall, and so on.

The Qingling mausoleum repair is a protective repair, mainly for the main building, in order to play a protective role. In terms of materials and technology, the principle is to repair the old as the old, such as "half head brick" (refers to the broken half brick), no rotten wood components, etc. all those that can be used will continue to be used, and the new components will strive to follow the original system.

The Qingling mausoleum was temporarily closed to the outside world after the rush repair, and it was still under closed management. The whole repair project is expected to cost 38 million yuan. In the next five years, another 300 million yuan will be invested to repair the remaining four dilapidated mausoleums (Deling, Yuling, Maoling and Kangling).

At the end of December 2005, the second phase of Qingling emergency repair project was completed. During this overhaul, the Ming tower, Fangcheng, the color paintings of Ming tower, Shiqiao, houbaocheng Yuqiang, sanzuo gate, Baocheng crenel wall and mausoleum wall tiles have been effectively repaired. The remnant wall of Yi'en hall has been protected. The 1622.92 square meter square in front of Yi'en gate and the 483 meter road section from Yi'en gate to Beiting have been restored and reconstructed.

Transportation:

Deshengmen take No.345 extension bus to Changping Dongguan station, transfer to No.314 bus to Changling, and then take bus to Qingling.

Brief introduction to the owner of the tomb

Qingling tomb is the joint Tomb of Zhu Changluo, empress Guo, Wang and Liu.

Zhu Changluo, the eldest son of mingguangzong, was born on August 11 in 1582. He became the crown prince on October 15, and ascended the throne on August 1, 48. On September 1, he died in Qianqing palace. His posthumous title was Emperor Wuyuan Renyi Xiaozhen. He was 39 years old. The tomb of Qingling was buried on September 4 in the first year of Tianqi (1621).

Zhu Changluo's reign lasted only 29 days, which was the first time of Ming Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Qing Ling