Tsinghua College

Tsinghua College

Tsinghua School is located in the campus of Tsinghua University, Tsinghua garden, Haidian District, Beijing. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

In 1909, the Qing government set up the tourism aesthetics office, which was responsible for directly sending students to visit the United States, and at the same time, started to set up the tourism aesthetics study hall. In November 1910, the Department of tourism aesthetics proposed to the Ministry of foreign affairs and the Ministry of education the reform of the library. It was mentioned that since Tsinghua park has been identified as the site of the school, the name of Youmei school was proposed to be changed to "Tsinghua School".

In 2001, as a part of the "early architecture of Tsinghua University", Tsinghua School entered the list of national key cultural relics protection units announced by the State Council.

Historical evolution

During the 30-31 years of Guangxu (1904-1905), the U.S. government decided to return part of the indemnity due to "too much compensation from gengzi". Xu Shichang advocated using the money to develop northeast China, Yuan Shikai advocated using it for industry, while Liang dunyan, who was the right servant of the Foreign Affairs Department of the Qing government, advocated opening schools. Liang dunyan's proposal coincides with the plan of the US government.

In 1908, Liang dunyan signed a contract with the United States on behalf of the Qing government. Since 1909, China has sent 100 students to study in the United States every year until 1940. According to the agreement between China and the United States, the Qing government set up the "travel aesthetics office". Liang dunyan also recommended Tang Guoan, who was also the first group of children studying in the United States, to take charge of studying in the United States

. In 1909, the Qing government set up the tourism aesthetics office, which was responsible for directly sending students to visit the United States, and at the same time, started to set up the tourism aesthetics study hall. Tang Guoan participated in the specific organization work of "studying in the United States under the Boxer Indemnity". He served as the meeting office of "tourism aesthetics office" under the Ministry of foreign affairs and the Ministry of education, and then became the Deputy Supervisor and supervisor of Tsinghua School, and the first president of Tsinghua School.

In 1910, Tang Guoan was the head of the Department of examination and engineering of the Ministry of foreign affairs. In November 1910, the Department of tourism aesthetics proposed to the Ministry of foreign affairs and the Ministry of education the reform of the library. Tang Guoan proposed to change the name of Youmei school to "Tsinghua School" in order to select Tsinghua park for the school of Youmei

. In December, the Ministry of education of the Qing government approved the reform. Later, Na Tong, Minister of military aircraft in charge of both the Ministry of education and the Ministry of foreign affairs in the late Qing Dynasty, inscribed the name of Tsinghua School in 1911. Outside the gate of the Tsinghua School building we see today, the four words "Tsinghua School" are written by Tong.

Tsinghua School building will be completed in two phases: the West and the East. The western part of the school was built from 1909 to 1911. At the same time, the school also built a number of buildings, such as the second courtyard (to the north of Tsinghua School and to the west of the electric hall, which has been demolished), the third courtyard (to the north of the auditorium, which has been demolished, and a new library has been expanded at its original site), and the Tongfang department.

Tsinghua School opened in Tsinghua garden on April 29, 1911, which is the beginning of Tsinghua history. On October 17, 1912, Tsinghua School was renamed Tsinghua School (the predecessor of Tsinghua University), and Tang Guoan was appointed as the first president.

During his term as president, Tang Guoan spent a lot of money for the founding of Tsinghua University, which ensured the funding of Tsinghua University. At the same time, he seized the opportunity to expand the campus. Tang Guoan expanded the campus twice a year. For the first time, in the spring of 1913, the government was asked to allocate Jinchun garden, which is located in the west of Qinghua garden, to schools for use, and then, the government was asked to allocate the southeast corner of Changchun Garden, which is located in the west of Jinchun garden, to schools for use. A total of 480 mu of land was added in the two expansions

. On August 22, 1913, Tang Guoan died of heart disease.

Zhou Yichun, the second president of Tsinghua University, made active preparations to establish a university. During his tenure (August 1913 to January 1918), he built a number of high-standard buildings to meet the needs of the future University (the famous "four buildings" - auditorium, library, science museum and gymnasium were all built during Zhou Yichun's term of office).

In 1916, Tsinghua School building was expanded to the East, with a total construction area of 4560 square meters.

For various reasons, Tsinghua National College ended in 1929.

In the 1930s and 1940s, the school's teaching, administrative and other leading institutions were basically located in the Tsinghua School building.

In the early days of liberation, the western part of the school was still the location of the school's leading organ (School Committee), and part of the eastern part was used as the office of the general Party branch of Tsinghua.

After the 1950s, the Tsinghua architecture department, in which Liang Si became the director, moved into the building, and the Tsinghua School building became a special department hall for the Department of architecture.

During the cultural revolution, the Tsinghua School building was seriously damaged due to disrepair.

After the "Cultural Revolution", there were different opinions on how to deal with this dilapidated building. At the insistence of president Liu Da, vice president Zhang Wei personally assigned the task of repair and reinforcement to the technical office.

At the end of 1978, Xu Dahua and others from the school infrastructure department redrawn the architectural drawing of Tsinghua School, which is the only existing building in the archives.

In the 1970s and 1980s, it was used by the engineering drawing teaching and research group of the Department of precision instruments, and there was a public drawing classroom for the whole school.

Tsinghua School building is the office of graduate school, academic affairs office, science and technology office, registration center and other institutions.

In the late 1990s, the Academic Affairs Office of Tsinghua University moved to the east half of the school, which became a must for all students to return to school for registration; the Graduate Department moved to the west half of the school, which ended the history of Tsinghua School as a classroom.

In 2001, as a part of the "early architecture of Tsinghua University", Tsinghua School entered the list of national key cultural relics protection units announced by the State Council.

architectural composition

In the process of renovation, the first floor of Tsinghua School was demolished and the basement was filled with stagnant water. In order to resist earthquake, the second floor and the whole structure were strengthened with steel, and the appearance was renovated. Today, the building area of Tsinghua School is only 3600 square meters, which has been preserved as an early cultural relic in Tsinghua garden. But the roof used to be red tile, now it is gray (inside) and red (outside). After years of weathering and erosion, the external masonry has cracked and peeled off a lot.

Education and teaching

In the 1920s, Tsinghua School was the cradle of cultivating talents of traditional Chinese culture. In 1925, when President Cao Yunxiang took charge of the university administration, Tsinghua set up a new university department and a Research Institute of Sinology. The university pays special attention to recruiting famous teachers, and has successively employed Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, Chen Yinke, Zhao Yuanren and other famous scholars as the "four mentors" of Tsinghua National University. Together with archaeologist Li Ji and litterateur Wu Mi, they gathered at Tsinghua School to train students to study Chinese literature, history and philosophy. The Institute of Chinese studies has offered such courses as new evidence of ancient history (Mr. Wang Guowei), general history of China (Mr. Liang Qichao), dialectology (Mr. Zhao Yuanren) and Humanities (Mr. Li Ji). Except for general history of China in Tongfang department, other courses are taught in classroom 117 of Tsinghua school. Although it has existed for a short time, it has cultivated a generation of Sinology experts for our country. Among them, Yao Mingda, Luo genze, Chen Shoushi, Liu pansui, Liu Jie, Lu Kanru, Xie Guozhen, Wang Li, Gao Heng, Wang Jingru, Xu Zhongshu, Jiang Liangfu, Dai Jiaxiang, Jiang Tianshu, Zhu Fangpu and so on have made remarkable achievements.

Fire incident

Event overview

At about 1:00 a.m. on November 13, 2010, Tsinghua School, an early landmark of Tsinghua University, was on fire. It took two hours for 44 fire engines and 308 firefighters to put out the fire. The eastern part of the building's roof was burned down, covering an area of 800 square meters. No casualties were caused by the fire. Tsinghua University reported that the fire did not affect the main structure of Tsinghua School.

School damage

According to the information released by Tsinghua University, the fire area of about 800 square meters does not affect the main structure. The head of the school said that the entire Tsinghua School had an area of about 3000 square meters.

From the outside of Tsinghua School, the brick and stone structure has not been burned too much. But the whole roof of the eastern half of the U-shaped building was completely destroyed, and only a few wooden beams and roof supports were left. The floors and stairs on the second floor have also been burnt out, leaving only the four walls erected and some damaged short walls.

The Municipal Bureau of cultural relics did not take a stand on the school's claim that "the fire does not affect the main structure.".

Address: East of the big lawn to the north of the second gate of Tsinghua University

Longitude: 116.325677

Latitude: 40.002248

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hua Xue Tang