Changguan building

Changguan building

Changguan building is located in the northwest of Beijing Zoo (the former agricultural experimental site). It was built in early 1908 and designed and constructed by French architects. It is a royal palace with unique style in the late Qing Dynasty, the most complete preserved European architecture in Beijing, and the only complete preserved imperial summer palace in Beijing. It is said that Cixi sailed from the Changhe River to the agricultural experimental site, that is, from the northwest palace gate into the changguan building. Every time Cixi went to the Summer Palace by boat, she also stopped at changguan building many times. At the main entrance of the building, there is a plaque named "changguan building" given by Cixi. The couplet says: "the pool is full of dragons, the clouds are full of strategies, and the xuanchuanqian is like the rising sun.".

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architectural style

The changguan building is of European style, with seven couplets and two floors. There is a plaque inlaid with enamel at the front door, which reads "changguan building". The wall of the building is earth red, with a base of 75 cm high gray brick masonry. The East and west sides of the building are asymmetric. The east side is a cylindrical three-story building. The top of the building is a circular platform with a circle of European decorative balustrade made of red copper. You can overlook the distance here. In the west is an octagonal two-story building with a Chinese style xumizuo like base supporting the octagonal conical roof. There is a canopy with pillars in the middle of the front of the building, and the pillars are white. The top of the canopy is a two-story outdoor platform with European style vase stone railings. There are seven rooms on the front and three rooms on both sides with veranda. On the first floor, there is a 45 cm high stool; on the second floor, there is a railing about 1 meter high. The upper and lower railings are green. The walls of the first floor of the veranda are inlaid with brick carvings of Chinese curling grass; the walls of the second floor are only slightly decorated in the vault of the doors and windows. In the middle of the east-west and North-South sides of the building, there are corresponding step shaped horse head walls. At each step, there is a green ornament like a treasure gourd.

Surrounding scenery

Changguan building is surrounded by water and green trees. There is a small white stone bridge tens of meters south of the building, named Nanxun bridge. In the south of the bridge, there is a bronze lion in the East and a unicorn in the west, both of which can spray water. It is recorded in the new travels of our country that "the lion was in the soil when he opened and built the garden." In 1909, a travel note published in Shun Tian Shi Bao described the pair of bronze lions and Qilin: "in the East, the bronze lions spray water from the mouth of the lion, with thousands of water lines; in the west, the Qilin spray water from the mouth of the lion, with its head upward, but with its head upward. There is a rectangular pool under each of them. There are several goldfish in the pool. The water in the pool is sprayed and dripped like living water.

The furnishings and utensils in changguan building are mainly western style. There are all kinds of special sofas upstairs and downstairs, including 4 people in circles, 3 people and 2 people. The sofa for two is "s" shaped. Most of the chair cushions are specially made by the embroidery Engineering Department of the Ministry of agriculture, industry and commerce. The stairs, floors and floors are covered with carpets and copper strips. The carpets are also made of multicolored velvet. The walls of the building are hung with mother of Pearl screen and mother of Pearl embroidered screen. There is money on the embroidered screen. There are four pictures on the screen, written by Ms. Jin Tao Tao.

Customs of late Qing Dynasty

On the second floor in the west, there are two rooms in the East and the west, each with a copper bed. The curtains and mattresses are all yellow. It is a resting place for Cixi and Guangxu. In April and September of the 34th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Cixi and Emperor Guangxu came to the scene twice and took a rest here. When Cixi came to changguan building for the first time, she watched the scene on the third floor platform and had tea with Guangxu, Yu Deling and Li Lianying. On the third floor in the East, there are precious porcelains, mainly made in Japan.

In the third year of Xuantong (1911), the changguan building sold tickets and allowed people to visit. The ticket price was 200 yuan per person.

On August 29, 31, and September 1, 1912, Dr. Sun Yat Sen came here three times to attend the welcome meetings held by the Guangdong Association, the National Railway Association, and the postal Association, as well as the Beijing Senate and the military and police circles

During the Republic of China, there were two oversized "ha ha mirrors" in the changguan building, which were placed on both sides of the downstairs hall. Long and thin on one side; short and fat on the other. All are red sandalwood mother of Pearl frame, red sandalwood base. Various kinds of filament lamps are hung on the roof of the room. Large oil paintings are hung on the walls and carpets are laid on the ground. All kinds of porcelain and utensils are displayed in duobaoge and glass cabinet. Tickets are 10 copper coins.

New era

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, changguanlou once received the southwest minority delegation.

The 10th Panchen Lama also lived here when he talked with the central government about the peaceful liberation of Tibet. In March 1955, Mao Zedong personally visited Erdeni kejijianzan, the tenth Panchen in Tibet, and had a long and cordial conversation with him.

Changguan building has also been opened as a popular science museum for young people twice.

"Changguanlou incident" happened in changguanlou in December 1961.

During the "Cultural Revolution", because of the "revolutionary criticism" of the "changguanlou incident", changguanlou became famous for a while.

In the 1990s, changguan building was rented by Beijing Royal International Club.

Chuchun Hall

Located in the south of changguan building in the southwest of Beijing Zoo, Chuchun hall was built in 1908. It is a legacy building of Leshan garden in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. It is a traditional Chinese architecture. Because its roof structure is connected by three ridges, it is also called "three volumes".

In fact, the word "Xi" in Chuchun hall is synonymous with "Chang". It is a completely Chinese style building. It adopts the style of Inner Court Palace, with gray tube tiles on the top of the hill. It has five rooms wide and three rooms deep. It is surrounded by corridors, front porches, back halls, through hall doors. The walls of the house are all tall glass windows, and the floor inside the hall is paved with gold bricks. There are 24 columns in the corridor, and the four walls of the corridor are equipped with bright glass windows.

The whole building, with its cornices, brackets, carved beams and painted buildings, is far away from the changguan building in the north. It looks like a Chinese hereditary nobleman in Royal costume and a beautiful lady in the Western court

Fanchun hall fanchun hall is surrounded by rockeries. Outside the rockeries, banana, pear, apricot and peach trees were planted, and ancient locust trees were used for shade.

After completion, there are 12 pieces of red sandalwood and rosewood furniture, as well as the Royal painting and calligraphy works of Empress Dowager Cixi.

In 1917, Song Jiaoren, the man of the 1911 Revolution, Sun Yat Sen's main assistant and the actual founder of the Chinese Kuomintang, was invited by Yuan Shikai to become the chief agricultural and forestry officer of the Beijing government. He once lived in this quiet and quiet Chuchun hall for eight months.

Song Jiaoren was born on April 15, 1882 in shangxiangchong, Taoyuan County, Hunan Province. He was admitted to wuchangwen middle school in 1903. Because he contacted many patriots, he began to sprout revolutionary ideas. In 1904, he and Huang Xing founded the anti Qing revolutionary group Huaxing Association and served as vice president. After the failure of instigating Changsha uprising in Hunan, he went into exile to study law and politics in Japan.

In June 1905, he participated in the publication of the twentieth Century's "China" publication, * * publicizing revolution. He not only published a large number of political articles in journals, but also clearly put forward the concept of "patriotism", which summed up the anti Qing struggle and anti imperialist struggle with nationalism as the core in "patriotism", which was of great significance at that time.

On August 20, 1905, in Tokyo, Japan, he helped Sun Yat Sen to establish the alliance formed by a number of small groups. Song Jiaoren successively held the posts of Attorney General of the Ministry of justice, vice president of Hunan Branch, general affairs of the alliance, and the organ newspaper min Bao. He carried out a lot of research on political and economic laws, which laid a solid foundation for the future formulation of the basic laws of the Republic of China.

In 1911, appointed by Sun Yat Sen, Song Jiaoren returned to China to form the Central Federation of the alliance. Members of the branch of the alliance that he developed in Wuchang directly launched the Wuchang Uprising on October 10 of that year.

On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising won the victory. The "Ezhou Treaty of the Republic of China" promulgated by the Hubei military government was drafted by Song Jiaoren. It is the first important legal document to establish the bourgeois democratic system in Chinese history.

After the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, Song Jiaoren served as the president of the Legislative Yuan and presided over the formulation of many laws and regulations of the provisional government, the most important of which was the provisional constitution of the Republic of China, which clearly stipulated that "the sovereignty of the Republic of China belongs to the whole nation.". "Sovereignty lies in the people" is the fundamental difference between the bourgeois democratic republic and the feudal autocratic monarchy. The formulation and promulgation of the provisional constitution has far-reaching historical significance.

On March 10, 1912, Yuan Shikai succeeded Sun Yat Sen as the interim president.

In April 1912, the provisional government moved to Beijing. In the Republic of China government in Beijing, Yuan Shikai's confidants served as the chief of the five major departments of internal affairs, foreign affairs, finance, army and Navy, while the four relatively minor departments of education, justice, agriculture and forestry, and industry and commerce were headed by members of the alliance.

On March 30, Song Jiaoren served as the director general of agriculture and forestry in Tang Shaoyi's cabinet. After he took office in Beijing in early April, he lived in Chuchun hall, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of agriculture and forestry. Here, Song Jiaoren began to study and formulate the national development plan for agriculture and forestry. Before the plan was implemented, Tang Shaoyi was forced to resign under the exclusion of Yuan Shikai.

In July, as Yuan Shikai's autocratic and autocratic face was increasingly exposed, the cabinet members of the alliance, such as Song Jiaoren, the chief minister of agriculture and forestry, and Cai Yuanpei, the chief minister of education, resigned.

Chinese PinYin : Chang Guan Lou