Gubing village in Three Gorges

Gubing village in Three Gorges

The Three Gorges ancient soldier village in Yichang, Hubei Province is a famous scenic spot of CCTV's story on the map. CCTV, national satellite TV and Xinhua news agency have made comprehensive reports. In the high mountains of Xiaofeng scenic spot, more than 100 ancient military fortresses are all built on the top of the dangerous rocks of Gufeng mountain. They are towering in the air and are as powerful as hanging fortresses. Besides, the fortresses are facing each other, the beacon smoke can be seen from each other, the drum horn can be heard, and the plank road can be communicated, forming a magnificent military fortress Great Wall. Such a large group of ancient military strongholds is rare. There are three Mysteries: Shijian, xuanzhai and the art of war.

Basic introduction

find

In the Xiaofeng scenic spot of Yichang City, a new world shaking mystery has been discovered, which shocked the archaeological circles all over the country

The huge bingzhai Great Wall. More than one hundred ancient military fortresses were built on the top of the dangerous rock of Gufeng with huge stone barriers, towering in the air, like hanging fortresses. The gate, gate, trench, residence, arrow stack, beacon tower and lookout hole are complete, and the structure is thick and exquisite. Moreover, the villages are facing each other, the beacon smoke can be seen from each other, the drum horn can be heard, and the plank road can be connected. The ancient soldier village stretches from southeast to northwest, echoing with the Great Wall in Southwest Hunan and the great wall of Chu in Yunxi county. It is magnificent, precipitous and unusual. The peak is strange, the village is dangerous, the valley is deep, and the forest is dense. The cultural miracle and the natural beauty blend perfectly.

position

Xiaofeng is located in the northwest of Yiling. Due to the geological movement, it has formed a long natural canyon. In addition, it is located on the junction line of Daba Mountain and Jianghan Plain. This geographical feature determines that it is the possible boundary line between ancient tribes and small countries. At the same time, it is also the barrier to the west of Yiling because it strangles the dry road on the North Bank of the Three Gorges All of them have become a must for military strategists. From 278 B.C. when the Qin Dynasty defeated Baiqi in Chu and burned Yiling in baying, to the end of the Shipai fortress defense war during the Anti Japanese period, the strategists of the past dynasties staged more than 10 major war dramas here, so the appearance of the ancient Great Wall of the Three Gorges in Xiaofeng is not a historical accident.

structure

The ancient military stronghold is made of fine stones of different sizes without any filling. Take another look at its internal structure: it is composed of tall walled fortress, urn City, military residence, patrol Road, trench, lookout hole, arrow stack and beacon tower, with complete functions. Standing on the beacon tower, you can have a panoramic view of the main traffic roads up and down, and the situation in the village is very clear. Whether it's raising signal flags or burning beacon smoke, it can echo back and forth. Through the lookout hole, you can see everything in front of you. There are steps here, which can lead to the middle of the high city wall to facilitate archery or stone throwing. This is the urn city. The design of the urn city is very exquisite. It is a product of war practice and a great development of city building project.

system

Gubing village in Three Gorges

It is not an isolated stronghold, but a complete military defense system with north-south continuity, huge scale and deep combat. The structure of the barracks

It reflects the characteristics of war in the age of cold weapons. The large capacity and high difficulty of the military stronghold indicate that it is a large-scale social behavior. The design and construction of the military stronghold reflected the rich military knowledge of the commanders at that time, but what it embodied was Sun Bin's art of war or Kongming's art of war? Is it the great wall of Bachu in the period of vassal states? Or the military garrison of the Three Kingdoms? Or the fortress of Chuang Wang and the defense line of Wu Sangui in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties? These historical mysteries can only be solved in the years to come. In the process of cleaning up the village, we found Jingde Yuanbao of Song Dynasty, Qinghua porcelain of Ming Dynasty, tile of Qing Dynasty and pottery of unknown age.

Introduction

On the North Bank of Xiling Gorge of the Yangtze River, Yichang Xiaofeng gorge is more than 20 kilometers away from Yichang city. In this area of about 10 square kilometers

In the region, on more than one hundred isolated peaks and dangerous rocks, there are military strongholds made of stone blocks by the ancients. These ancient military strongholds are located on the mountain and have different shapes, but they share the same functional structure: there are arrow buttresses and lookout windows on the surrounding stone walls; the gate of the stronghold is strict, with multi-level stone steps on the outside and corner passageways on the inside; there are more than 10 rooms with stone and wood structure in the stronghold, and more than 70 rooms with stone and wood structure; there are trenches under the stronghold. There are sentries and military roads between the villages. Each village has a common post and shika, heavily fortified. The word "Bing" is used in front of Xiaofeng ancient soldier village community, which is worthy of the name. The arrow buttress, trench, soldier's road and sentry post of each village, the common sentry post and shika of each village, which are connected with each other and even formed into a line. The project is grand, the planning is strict, and the craft is basically the same. It seems that it is an ancient military architecture system built in the same period, which mainly focuses on defense and combines defense with attack. There are more than 10 to 10 stone houses in each village, which can accommodate 10 to 100 people. According to 100 military strongholds, it can hold more than 10000 soldiers. From the analysis of its scale and function, it is no longer possible for a single small tribe or residents in Xiaofeng area to build such a military stronghold community in ancient times with simple tools. It is necessary to recruit soldiers and civilian men from a larger area, and rely on the people in a larger area to provide necessities for life here. In other words, this ancient military stronghold community should be the military remains of the ancient powerful social group and even the "state".

History of scenic spots

Textual research on history

According to the research, during the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River contained Yichang Xiaofeng. Except Chu, there were only Kui and Ba states. The buildings built here are suitable

The function of changxiaofeng gubingzhai community is obviously to resist the Chu army from entering the hinterland of the Three Gorges from Xiaofeng gorge on the North Bank of the Yangtze River. In 611 BC, Yongguo (now Zhushan County in Hubei Province), a subsidiary state in the northwest of Chu, united with the state of Qun (now Yunxian County in Hubei Province) to rebel against Chu. At the request of Chu state, Ba state and Qin State sent troops to help Chu state. They fought in Linpin (now Junxian County in Hubei Province), defeated the mediocre army and defeated the special state. Then the state of Yong was destroyed, Qin got the north of Yong, Chu got the upper Yong, and Ba got the fish (now Fengjie County). Thus, Kuimen, the gateway to the west end of the Three Gorges, was opened. From 611 B.C. to 316 B.C., King Hui of Qin Dynasty destroyed Shu and then ba. In 295 B.C., Ba people took advantage of the natural danger of the Three Gorges and fought against Chu several times. Finally, the battlefield was extended to the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. Ba people conquered or lived in groups in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Yichang and Changyang in the East. According to Zuo Zhuan, there were wars between Ba and Chu in that area (today's Zhongxiang County, Hubei Province), you (today's Xiangyang City, Hubei Province) and Jin township (today's Zhijiang City, Yichang City, Hubei Province). Bashi's direction is to Deng County in Henan Province in the north and Yuan and Li river basins in Hunan Province in the south. This is the heyday of Ba. In 377 BC, BA was defeated by Chu and retreated from the south of the Yangtze River along the Qingjiang River to the east of Sichuan. The Three Gorges area is still tenacious. Until 316 BC, when it was destroyed by King Hui of Qin Dynasty, Ba people still lived in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River. So far, there are bawangshan, bawangping, bawangdian, bawangmiao and Baren hanging coffins, as well as unearthed Baren cultural relics, such as cooking utensils represented by round bottom pots, copper weapons such as tiger pattern Ge and willow shaped sword, and musical instruments such as huniuzhuxiangyu and huniuzheng. In terms of cultural sites, there are historical facts that Bachu is difficult to be separated, even named chushiba. There is a place on the North Bank of Xiling Gorge which is historically known as the "King City of Chu". After being excavated and identified by Professor Yang Quanxi, a famous expert of Chu culture in China, it turns out to be a Ba culture site.

Cultural development

The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is the throat of Sichuan and Sichuan, and Xiaofeng of Yichang is the eastern gateway of the Three Gorges, with a long history and culture. However, this is the history before the Warring States period, especially the history of Ba's long-term administration of Yichang in the Three Gorges area, but it has become a little-known secret history. In the autumn of 2000 A.D., the book "Xiaofeng hanging coffin" written by me was published by the Central Literature Publishing House, which announced to the world the conclusion of carbon 14 test by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: the hanging coffin was 270 B.C., plus or minus 80 years. The book also proves that xiaofengxuanguan belongs to Ba people.

There are many stone houses in each ancient soldier's village in Xiaofeng, most of which are more than 70. There are also large stone houses outside some villages, which can not only garrison soldiers but also live in common people. The village community was later used by the peasant uprising, bandits, and local people. There is still a Qing Dynasty stone tablet in Fuding village, which reads: "in the first year of Jiaqing (1796 AD), bandits swarmed up, killed and set fire, disturbed for several years, and repeatedly harmed the good people. All the family members negotiated to pay for the repair of the entrance to the stockade in front of the Buddha. They thought that they were the place where they were entrusted to protect themselves. " Division, war, banditry, the sufferings of the Three Gorges people in the past dynasties can be seen from the construction, maintenance and utilization of the ancient soldier village community.

The history of the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period is more than 500 years. The theme of this long history is war. In terms of classic culture, Sun Tzu's art of war appeared. In terms of architectural culture, it seems to be the Great Wall, but there were only fragments in the Warring States period. The main works were completed after the Qin Dynasty unified the Central Plains. Now the Great Wall is mainly built in the Ming Dynasty. Xiaofeng ancient soldier village community is a genuine building in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. It has a tight defense system and can defend and attack. It is a three-dimensional "art of war" and a tangible history book of the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period.

The confluence of Ba culture and Chu culture, namely Ba Chu culture, is the foundation of Yichang regional culture in Three Gorges. In folk customs, folk art and other aspects, they all have distinctive local characteristics and unique charm. However, most people think that Ba people are only Tujia Autonomous County in Changyang, Tujia people are the descendants of ancient Ba people, Yichang in Three Gorges seems to be the best

Chinese PinYin : San Xia Gu Bing Zhai