Former residence of Yang Changji

Former residence of Yang Changji

Yang Changji's former residence, located at No. 15, doufuchi Hutong, is a small residential building in the period of the Republic of China. In 1918, Yang Changji (Huaizhong) was employed as a professor of Peking University by Cai Yuanpei, President of Peking University. His family moved here from Hunan. At that time, it was No. 9 of tofu pool, and the door was hung with the bronze doorplate of "Bancang Yangyu". This courtyard is an irregular two entrance courtyard, facing south from north, about 30 meters long from north to South and 12 meters wide from east to west. Ruyi gate is on the southwest side of the courtyard, with a hard top and tile ridge. Once entering the hospital, there are three inverted rooms, three North rooms and three East rooms, all of which are hard hill Hewa clear water ridge. The West Wing house has been rebuilt. Mr. Yang Changji lives in three rooms in the north, and his daughter Yang Kaihui lives in three rooms in the East. There are four back rooms in the backyard for other family members.

Brief introduction to Yang Changji

Yang Changji, also known as Huaizhong, is a native of Changsha County, Hunan Province. He is an ethicist and educator. He has studied in Japan and Britain. Concerned about Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Xiao Zisheng and other progressive young people, encouraged them to work hard and set up a correct outlook on life, and finally led to the establishment of the Xinmin society. During his tenure as a professor at Peking University, he helped Cai Hesen and others to raise the travel expenses for work study in France, introduced Mao Zedong to work in the library of Peking University, and expressed his ambition with the poem "if you want to plant a big tree, you need a long sky". He is the author of quanxue Pian and translated into the history of western ethics. His two favorite students, Cai Hesen and Mao Zedong, realized his dream of "planting big trees and supporting the sky".

Former residence of Yang Changji

In August 1918, Mao Zedong and a group of Hunan youths studying in France for work and study came to Beijing to live with Cai Hesen in the room near the gate of the south room of the hospital. Soon after, because the members of Xinmin society who came to Beijing lived in scattered places and were inconvenient to carry out activities, they rented three rooms at No. 8, left lane of Ji'an Suo, Jingshan East Street, and the members gathered in one place.

This is Mao Zedong's first residence in Beijing in his youth, which has a certain protection value. On January 10, 1984, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Dongcheng District.

Doufuchi hutong is located in Andingmen area of Dongcheng District. It is East-West in Baochao Hutong, connecting Baochao Hutong and old Gulou Street from east to west, with a total length of more than 470 meters. It is connected with Zhonglouwan Hutong in the South and Zhaofu street in the north.

Hutong was originally divided into two sections with Zhaofu street as the boundary. In the Ming Dynasty, the eastern section was called "tofu Chen Hutong" because there was a tofu workshop surnamed Chen in the Hutong, and the name of the western section was unknown. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the eastern section was called "tofu pond Hutong" because of the change of the sound of "Chen" and "Chi", or because the Tofu House changed its owner, which is unknown; the western section was called "Qingjing Temple" because there was a Qingjing Temple in the Hutong. In Xuantong period, the eastern section of the Hutong was called "tofu pond" and the western section was called "Niangniang Temple"; in Guangxu period, "Qingjing Temple" was transformed into "Hongen Temple", commonly known as "Niangniang Temple", and the Hutong got its name from it. In 1947, the eastern section of the Hutong was called "doufuchi Hutong" and the western section was called "niangniangmiao Hutong"; in 1965, when the place name was rectified, the "niangniangmiao Hutong" was merged into "doufuchi Hutong"; in the "Cultural Revolution", it was once renamed "Chaohong Hutong" and later renamed "doufuchi Hutong".

No. 15, tofu pool Hutong, the old house number is No. 9, in the north of the middle of the Hutong, is a two-way courtyard facing south, covering an area of 455 square meters, 16 and a half houses, including a street gate, with a construction area of 237 square meters. The specific pattern is: the street gate is Ruyi gate, built in the "Xun" position; the outer courtyard has three rooms in the south, three rooms in the north, three rooms in the West and two rooms in the East; the inner courtyard has four rooms in the north and half rooms in the gray roof platform.

history

Mr. Yang Changji lived here when he was a teacher in Peking University. There was a bronze plaque of "Bancang Yangyu" on the street door. Mr. Yang and his wife live in the outer courtyard, while his son Yang Kaizhi lives in the inner courtyard. The north room of the outer courtyard is the living room, one bright room and two dark rooms, and the middle bright room is the main room. Yang Changji and his wife live in the east room, and their daughter Yang Kaihui lives in the west room. The south room is divided into two bright rooms and one dark room, and the two bright rooms in the West are used as the living room. The east room is a dark room for guests to live temporarily. When Mao Zedong first came to Beijing, he lived with Cai Hesen in the dark room of Nanfang for more than a month.

On January 17, 1920, Mr. Yang Changji died in Beijing at the age of 49. On his deathbed, Mr. Yang wrote a letter to his good friend Zhang Shizhao, then Secretary General of the Guangzhou military government and representative of the north south peace conference, strongly recommending Mao Zedong and Cai Hesen. The letter reads: "Mao and Cai Erjun, contemporary talents, look forward to it "I solemnly speak to you, the second son of Mao and CAI, who is a talented person at home and has a bright future. If you don't speak of saving the country, you have to pay attention to the second son. "

Mr. Wang has spared no effort to promote the country and is worthy of being Mao Zedong's mentor.

When Mr. Yang Changji died, Mao Zedong was in Beijing because of the "drive Zhang movement", so he naturally tried his best to help his teacher with his future affairs. At 8 am on January 25, Mr. Yang Changji's memorial service was held in Fayuan temple outside Xuanwu Gate. In mid February, Mr. Yang Changji's coffin, escorted by his wife Xiang Zhenxi, son Yang Kaizhi and daughter Yang Kaihui, left Beijing and returned to Bancang, Changsha, Hunan. Mr. Wang's soul returned to his hometown, and his family left the "Bancang Yangyu" on the 9th of tofu pool.

In 1984, as "Yang Changji's former residence", No. 15 of doufuchi Hutong was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Dongcheng District.

Yang Changji (1871-1920), a philosopher and educator, was born in Changsha, Hunan Province.

Yang Changji was born in a scholarly family. He studied with his father since he was a child. In 1889, he passed the examination of zhongyixiang as a scholar. Later, he went to the local examination for many times, but failed to win the examination. In the 24th year of Guangxu period, when Yang Changji was studying in Yuelu Academy, he actively participated in Hunan reform movement, such as Nanji society and non foot binding society; after the failure of 1898 Reform Movement, he lived in seclusion in the countryside, teaching as a profession. In the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Yang Changji entered Hongwen University as a teacher's college, and then transferred to the general college. After graduation, he was admitted to Tokyo higher normal school in Japan. In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Yang Changji was admitted to Edinburgh University, majoring in philosophy. He graduated in 1912 with a Bachelor of Arts degree, and then went to France to study education.

In the spring of 1912, Yang Changji returned to China and taught in Hunan Higher Normal School, the fourth Provincial Normal School, the first normal school, Hunan commercial school and the first secondary school.

In 1917, Zhang Shizhao became a professor of Peking University. He recommended Yang Changji to Cai Yuanpei, President of Peking University. Yang Changji was appointed professor of philosophy of liberal arts of Peking University to teach philosophy. In 1919, Yang Changji and his colleagues initiated and organized the Philosophy Research Association of Peking University, and wrote the chapters of governing life, persuading learning, the fundamental problems of ethics, and the summary and evaluation of various ethicism.

The friendship between Yang Changji and Mao Zedong began in Hunan First Normal School. Mao Zedong recalled: "the teacher who impressed me most was Yang Changji. He was an overseas student who came back from England. Later, I had a close relationship with his life. He teaches ethics, is an idealist, a moral person. He has a strong belief in his own ethics, and tries to encourage students to aspire to be a righteous person beneficial to the society. Under his influence, I read a book on ethics translated by Cai Yuanpei. Inspired by this book, I wrote an article entitled the power of the heart. At that time, I was an idealist. From his idealistic point of view, Mr. Yang Changji highly appreciated my article. He gave me a hundred points. "

Mao Zedong praised his teacher as "the most admirable teacher for his broad knowledge"; Yang Changji commented on his student as "very talented, if so, it is rare.".

Later, they all left Hunan First Normal School, and the friendship between teachers and students not only remained, but also sublimed. In August 1918, Mao Zedong came to Beijing for the first time, and his first foothold was "Bancang Yangyu" in tofu pond. Yang Changji introduced Mao Zedong to Li Dazhao, making Mao Zedong an assistant in Peking University Library and entering a new learning territory. Mao Zedong recalled: "among those who came to read, I recognized the names of some famous figures in the new culture movement, such as Fu Sinian and Luo Jialun. I was very interested in them I joined the society of philosophy and the society of journalism in order to be able to listen in at Peking University. "

Mr. Liu ang wrote in his article "the great spirit runs through the world, the wind and rain sends the ship to the sea -- in memory of Comrade Cai Hesen:" on the one hand, Mao Zedong and Comrade Cai Hesen actively run for the organization of work study program in France; on the other hand, they eagerly explore the new thoughts and theories of the world at that time, and strive to pursue the revolutionary road of transforming China. "

Mao Zedong's first visit to Beijing was only nearly eight months ago, but the ancient capital Beijing left him a deep and beautiful impression: "when the North Sea was still frozen, I saw the white plum blossom in full bloom. I see willows hanging upside down on the North Sea, with crystal icicles hanging from the branches. I think of the Tang Dynasty poet Cen Shen's poem "thousands of trees and pear blossoms" chanting the winter trees hanging pearls in the North Sea. The countless trees in Beijing arouse my admiration and admiration. " "Also here, I met and fell in love with Yang Kaihui."

In the winter of 1920, Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui married.

As an educator, Mr. Yang Changji should make a great contribution to the cultivation of his daughter and students!

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Chinese PinYin : Yang Chang Ji Gu Ju