The site of Changsha University Palace

Changsha University palace was originally the highest University in 12 counties and prefectures under the jurisdiction of Changsha Government. It was built by Wu Zhongfu when he was governor of Tanzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty to improve the education situation of the local backward and poor.

There is only one site of "xiwenmiaoping" in Changsha University palace. Located in Tianxin District of Changsha City, xiwenmiaoping is in the shape of "mouth". It starts from Dongxue Lane in the East, ends at xuegongmen main street in the west, borders Xiuwen street in the South and lijiapo in the north.

The site of Changsha University Palace

Changsha University palace was the highest University in 12 counties and prefectures under the jurisdiction of Changsha Government. In 1064, the first year of Zhiping in the Northern Song Dynasty, Wu Zhongfu was appointed governor of Tanzhou. At that time, the people in Changsha were poor and the land was poor. Wu thought that it was necessary to run a school in Xingtan, so he built a school palace. Wang Anshi congratulated each other on his new study of Tanzhou. Changsha University palace became the earliest university in Changsha.

Construction history

In the first year of shaoding (1228), the Academy was expanded and renovated. It was written by Zhen Dexiu. It is said that "through its companion building, it was opened as a new palace, where there are six couplets for every 20 years.". Later, the yuan army slaughtered the city and destroyed the Academy.

When Ali Hague was guarding Tanzhou (1276), he spared no effort to rescue it. According to the records of zhendexiu, he rebuilt it and renamed it tianlinlu school, with the inscription "tianlinlu school's ancestral temple". During the Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty, it was expanded to Changsha government school.

In the sixth year of Tianshun (1462), the magistrate Qian Zhao built Zunjing Pavilion (Library). From Jiajing to Wanli, prefects Sun Cun, Pan Yi, Zhou Biao and Wu Daoxing successively built Lingxing gate, Jingyi Pavilion, Si Ji Suo and pan chi to repair Dacheng hall.

In the third year of Tianqi (1623), Xie Zongze, the governor, donated his salary to rectify the work, built the Zunjing hall, opened up the pool, and towered the Wenxing Pavilion.

In 1643, Zhang Xianzhong captured Changsha, and the Academy was set on fire. In 1647, Changsha University was rebuilt.

In 1674, Wu Sangui conquered Changsha. The Confucian temple was built into a horse fence. Many sacrificial utensils were destroyed and looted. School buildings were smashed and schools were destroyed. During the reign of Daoguang, Hunan governors Zhao Shenqiao, Chen Hongmou and Wu Rongguang carried out relay restoration.

In the 12th year of Xianfeng (1852), the Taiping army attacked the city and took the Kuixing building of the academy as the target of bombardment. The Academy was damaged to varying degrees. The Taiping army retreated, and the people of Changsha, Shanhua and Xiangyin donated 100000 liang of silver to restore the Academy. In 1866, governor Li Hanzhang presided over the overhaul.

The magnificence of that time can be seen from the "Changsha Fu Xue Fu Tu" in Shanhua county annals by Guangxu of Qing Dynasty: the main hall has five entrances, including the nuclear star gate, Dacheng hall, yubeiting, Chongsheng temple and Zunjing Pavilion; the Discipline Department, Minghuan temple, Xiangxian temple and shepu temple are in the West; the Professor Department, Minglun hall, Wenchang Pavilion and Quzi temple are in the East; and Kuixing tower is in the southeast. After the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, the Academy was expropriated by the government of the Republic of China. In the 1930s, He Jian, chairman of Hunan provincial government, held a large-scale memorial ceremony to Confucius.

In 1938, the Academy was destroyed by the "Wenxi fire", and now only the "Daoguan ancient and modern" stone square is left. In 2005, the site was listed as a cultural relic protection unit by Changsha Municipal People's government.

Construction situation

There is only one site of "xiwenmiaoping" in Fuxue palace in Changsha, Hunan Province. Xiwen miaoping, Xiuwen street, Xuegong gate, Dongxue lane, Xixue lane, Nanqiang Bay and other streets are named after Changsha University palace. Located in Tianxin District of Changsha City, xiwenmiaoping is in the shape of "mouth". It starts from Dongxue Lane in the East, ends at xuegongmen main street in the west, borders Xiuwen street in the South and lijiapo in the north. The other streets are all around the West Confucian temple. There are two stone statues in wenmiaoping primary school, which are 57cm in height. They are all relics of Changsha University palace. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, an additional gate was opened in the southwest corner of Changsha City. It was close to the fuxuegong, which was named xuegongmen, and xuegongmen Main Street got its name.

Historical records

In 1064, the first year of Zhiping in the Northern Song Dynasty, Wu Zhongfu, the magistrate of Tanzhou, changed the Temple School into the state school, and Wang Anshi happily wrote a poem "new school of Tanzhou" to celebrate, which is the beginning of Changsha government school. The ancient Confucian temple is a place where Confucius is worshipped. Since the Tang Dynasty, the Confucian temple has been combined with the official school and practiced the system of "left temple and right school". Therefore, the common people used to call the school Temple Confucian temple. In Song Dynasty, zhouxue was expanded many times. The largest one was in the first year of shaoding (1228). It was presided over by Zeng Xiaoxu, a Bachelor of Zhizhou and zizhengge, and written by Zhen Dexiu, a dalist who was a pacifier of Jinghu South Road. Record said: "through its accompany mansion, open for the new palace, where 20 have six Ying.". In the past, it was dark and gloomy, and it was clear and bright. It was the gate of the halberd, and it was the place to learn the plaque. " At the end of the Song Dynasty, the yuan army slaughtered the city and destroyed the Academy.

In 1276, the former site of the temple of Mr. IL J (zhendexiu) in the west of the town of Tanzhou in Ali, Pingzhang, was rebuilt and changed to tianlinlu school, with the inscription of tianlinlu school's ancestral temple. It was not recorded until 1886 when Chen Yunrong found it in the side of the Ming Lun hall, expanded the inscription, and then printed it in the Xiangcheng ancient visit record. During the period of Hongwu (1368-1398) in Ming Dynasty, it was changed into Changsha government school. Qiu guangzeng, commander of the army and horse, built the Ming Lun hall. Liu Qing, the magistrate of Changsha, expanded the temple, and Wang Bao, a professor, rebuilt the shepu. In the sixth year of Tianshun (1462), the magistrate Qian Shu built the Zunjing Pavilion (Library) in the Ming Lun hall, and the great poet Li Dongyang wrote a record of it. From Jiajing to Wanli, magistrate Sun Cun, Pan Yi, Zhou Biao and Wu Daoxing successively built the Lingxing gate, Jingyi Pavilion, Si Ji Suo and pan chi to repair the Dacheng hall. In the Ming Dynasty, there was no interruption of Changsha Government School for more than 200 years. In 1623, the renovation project was even more extensive. The magistrate Xie Zongze "studied the palace veranda, especially changed a major maintenance, so he donated money to rectify the work", "built Zunjing hall to cultivate the dragon's spirit, opened up a wide pool to clarify the beauty, and towered Wenxing pavilion to maintain Xunfeng". In 1643, Zhang Xianzhong led the Western army to capture Changsha and set the Academy on fire. After Zhang Xianzhong retreated, the magistrate and the school inspector blocked Yinxi on Tuesday to donate and repair. Before the end of the Ming Dynasty, he died. In 1647, the governor Zhang Hongyou renovated the main hall and zhaishe, rebuilt the Chongsheng temple and Jingyi Pavilion, and built walls and cypresses on the East and west sides. From Kangxi to daoguangwen, the governors of Hunan, Zhao Shenqiao, Chen Hongmou and Wu Rongguang, expanded the Academy many times. In the Qing Dynasty, the academies were abandoned twice. One time, in 1674, Wu Sangui's rebels captured Changsha. Around the Confucian temple, there were horse railings, and sacrificial utensils were thrown into the garbage. In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), the Taiping army attacked the city and took the Kuixing building of the academy as the target of bombardment. After the retreat of the Taiping army, the scholars in Changsha, Shanhua and Xiangyin donated 100000 taels of silver, and the school was restored as before. According to historical records, the last major repair of Changsha Fu Xue Gong was in 1866, presided over by Governor Li Hanzhang. The scale is more extensive than ever, and the cost is more than 55000 yuan. From the picture of Changsha academy in Shanhua county annals written by Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, we can see the magnificence of the Academy at that time. The five entrances of the main hall are lingxingmen, Dacheng hall, yubeiting, chongshengci and zunjingge in turn. In the West are Xunzhou, Minghuan, Xiangxian and shepu. In the East are professor's office, Minglun hall, Wenchang Pavilion and Quzi temple. The towering Kuixing tower in the southeast corner overlooks the inside and outside of the city wall. After the Republic of China, Changsha academy was expropriated by the provincial government. In the 1930s, He Jian, chairman of the provincial government, held a large-scale ceremony here to worship Confucius. In 1938, the Academy was destroyed by the "Wenxi" fire.

Address: xiaoqiaozi lane, Wuyi business district, Tianxin District, Changsha City, Hunan Province

Longitude: 112.971869

Latitude: 28.184901

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Sha Fu Xue Gong Yi Zhi